PONPWIINPEPS
"1,
LHP
RS
WSs
=,
254
HISTORY
OF
THE
MARRANOS
“master
of
Jewish
theology.”
It
was
his
practice
to
help
refugee
Marranos
to
realize
their
property,
providing
them
with
bills
of
exchange
on
Antwerp.
When
in
1540
proceedings
were
taken
at
Milan
against
the
fugitives,
he
was
summoned
to
Antwerp
to
the
meeting
at
which
were
discussed
the
steps
to
be
taken
to
meet
the
situation;
and
he
subscribed
to
the
emergency
fund
one
hundred
ducats
—
partly
in
English
crown
pieces.
The
crisis
was,
in
fact,
even
more
serious
than
was
realized
at
the
time.
One
Gaspar
Lopes,
a
cousin
and
agent
of
Diogo
Mendes,
on
whose
behalf
he
had
resided
in
England
for
some
time,
was
arrested
by
the
Milan
commission
and
turned
informer.
In
consequence
of
this,
and
of
other
indications
elicited
in
the
course
of
proceedings
in
Flanders,
the
secret
of
the
little
London
community
was
laid
bare.
The
Spanish
authorities
communicated
what
they
had
discovered
to
the
English
government.
On
February
4,
1542,
the
Privy
Council
ordered
the
arrest
of
certain
Merchant
Strangers
‘suspected
to
be
Jews”
and
the
sequestration
of
their
property.
A
few
of
them
were
restored
to
liberty
at
the
request
of
the
Queen
Regent
of
the
Netherlands,
who
gave
her
personal
assurance
that
they
were
good
Christians.
Her
informa-
tion
turned
out
to
be
based
upon
pious
hope
rather
than
established
fact,
and
presumably
proceedings
were
again
initiated
against
them.
The
little
community
was
thus
broken
up.
A
majority
of
its
members
were
able
to
make
their
way
to
Antwerp;
one
or
two
subsequently
struggling
as
far
as
Ferrara.
Only
a
very
small
proportion
managed
to
survive
the
catastrophe.
It
was
not
long
before
the
settlement
was
resumed;
the
total
exclusion
of
such
furtive
refugees
for
any
long
RESETTLEMENT
IN
ENGLAND
255
period
of
time
was
impossible.
The
Afies
family,
which
hailed
from
Valladolid
in
Spain,
had
not
been
disturbed
by
the
upheaval
of
1542;
for
they
had
been
settled
in
London
ever
since
1512,
and
were
after
so
long
a
period
of
residence
hardly
to
be
included
in
the
category
of
Merchant
Strangers.
The
same
applied
to
the
family
of
Simon
Ruiz,
with
whom
they
had
intermarried.
By
the
close
of
the
reign
of
Edward
VI
(1553),
we
find
diminutive
Marrano
communities
settled,
not
only
in
London,
but
also
at
Bristol,
which
maintained
a
con-
siderable
trade
with
the
Peninsula.
Among
the
residents
in
the
latter
place
was
Pero
Vaz,
a
young
surgeon
(nephew
of
the
great
Amatus
Lusitanus),
and
a
physician
named
Henrique
Nufies.
The
latter,
with
his
wife
Beatriz
Fernandes,
acted
as
the
leader
of
the
community.
Services
were
regularly
held
at
their
house;
they
periodi-
cally
received
from
London
the
dates
of
the
festivals;
they
were
in
touch
with
the
latest
Jewish
literature,
read-
ing
avidly
Usque’s
Consolagam
ds
Tribulagoés
de
Israel,
recently
published
at
Ferrara.®
It
is
on
record
that
Beatriz
Fernandes
baked
unleavened
bread
for
Passover,
and
was
careful,
on
her
journeys
between
London
and
Bristol,
not
to
touch
food
which
had
been
cooked
in
pans
defiled
by
forbidden
flesh.
Of
the
community
of
London
at
this
period,
we
have
less
information;
but
it
comprised
at
least
eight
householders.
No
doubt,
the
Marranos
of
this
period
had
posed
as
Calvinist
refugees
from
the
Continent.
Hence,
with
the
reaction
under
“Bloody”
Queen
Mary
against
the
Reformation,
no
safe
course
remained
for
them
but
to
leave
the
country.
Henrique
Nufies
with
his
family
retired
to
France
in
1555,
and
probably
other
members
or