A MAGAZINE FOR HEALTH HOME AND HAPPINESS 
40th Year of Publication 
MAY 1949 
WORRY CAN CAUSE 
RHEUMATISM 
* 
NOW IT'S THE GLANDS 
COMMON COLDS 
PEACE OF MIND 
DOES PUNISHMENT WORK? 
DYSPEPSIA 
HABITUAL CONSTIPATION 
EDITORIAL 
* 
CHILDREN'S PAGE 
* 
RECIPES 
ETC., ETC. 
Peace Amid the Snow. 
W. N. P. S. 
- �
t= 4 
 
 
 
 
WORK 
T
HERE seems to be no very good 
definition or exact explanation 
of what work is. That which is work 
for one is play for another, and that 
which is only occasional play for 
one is serious work for another. In 
general it would seem that almost 
any intellectual or manual activity 
by which one acquires gain, or by 
which one subsists, is work, while 
the same activity done only now and 
then by way of change or recreation 
may be play. When it is done volun-
tarily and as play it is usually done 
with interest and vigour, and is 
likely to be enjoyable and compara-
tively easy. But if done under com-
pulsion and of necessity the same 
activity is often without interest or 
enjoyment of any kind and becomes 
irksome and hard and something 
from which to escape if possible. It 
would seem, therefore, that it is 
not entirely the kind of activity that 
makes work or play but also the 
purpose behind it, and the attitude 
of mind with which it is done. 
Work that is done with whole-
hearted interest, so that some liking 
for it may be experienced or pleas-
ure derived from it, will be achieved 
with a minimum expenditure of 
nervous and physical energy and 
will cause a minimum of fatigue, 
while that which is done in a per-
functory manner and as an irksome 
drudgery will absorb a maximum of 
energy and cause much fatigue 
from minimum performance. 
The state of mind of the workers 
is the most important factor in modi-
fying the feeling with which work 
is accepted. The urge to work in or-
der to preserve life is probably in-
stinctive, and enables the majority 
to endure toil and drudgery even 
when other mental factors are non- 
operative. A few even accept such 
drudgery with gratitude. In fact the 
gratitude ameliorates the drudgery, 
makes it less painful, and elevates 
the worker into a class somewhat 
higher than the bullock in the tread-
mill. 
Another respect in which man dif- 
2 
fers from the bullock, is his ac-
quisitiveness, that is, his desire to ac-
cumulate and own property. The 
boy is spurred on to work in order 
to acquire a football or a bag of 
marbles. When he becomes a man 
he wants a house, a plot of ground, 
a railway or stocks and bonds, to ac-
quire which he will work as though 
his very life were dependent on the 
possession of them. Gratification of 
this desire is an additional strong 
urge to work. Beneath the lash of 
gain the toiler often hurries to ga-
ther wealth far in excess of present 
or future needs. Were his toil and 
busy activity always honest and 
fair, his wisdom might still be ques-
tioned, but when for gathering a lit-
tle heap of gold he works to ac-
cess, ruins his physical and mental 
health, deprives himself of spiritual 
values and robs others of the little 
they need, he may with justice be 
classed with fools. Nevertheless, the 
gratification of this desire for pos-
session is a tremendous stimulus to 
toil, and be the desire right, its gra-
tification need not be an evil. 
Again, man by nature differs 
from the bullock in his desire for 
power. The lowliest among men as 
well as the highest and most power-
ful, constantly seek gratification of 
this desire by showing "who is boss 
around here." The servant is mas-
ter of a servant beneath him in some 
respect, and lets no opportunity go 
by to exercise his power over the 
other. The foreman in the shop, the 
petty government official in the ex-
ercise of his duty, or one in a posi- 
tion of greater responsibility often 
make themselves ludicrous in their 
demands that due fear and respect 
be paid, and also obnoxious by im-
posing inconvenience on others be-
cause they have the power to do it. 
Wicked, cruel men, who gain con- 
WE APOLOGIZE for an error in giving 
credit for our April Cover Picture, which 
was supplied by the Cement Marketing 
Company of India Ltd., No. 1 Oueen's 
Rd., Bombay, and not by the Cement 
Marketing Corporation as we stated. 
trol of governments often find no 
crime too horrible to commit in or-
der to exercise the power they have 
wickedly seized. 
This desire for power is a human 
trait and in many creates an urge to 
work. Work efficiently done may be 
the gateway to a position of power 
and influence. Position and influence 
tend to gratify man's pride and 
greed, but they may also greatly en-
hance his usefulness to society. Gra-
tification of the desire for power is 
not necessarily an evil, though there 
may not be many who can possess 
power and employ it righteously. 
Nevertheless, the desire for power is 
a mighty urge to work. 
The bullock experiences no worry 
over his reputation, but man does. 
He wants to be reputed to be good 
even though he is evil. He wants re-
spect and honour, whether or not 
these be due him, and often makes 
himself ridiculous by his display of 
cheap and gaudy show. He permits 
his pride to puff him up like an an-
gry toad. He decorates and displays 
his poor person. He gratifies his 
foolish pride by building a bigger 
house than his neighbours, or by 
riding in a better car. He publicizes 
himself by building a watering 
fountain, a shrine, or a temple on 
which his name must be blazoned 
in large letters so that none will fail 
to see it, and gloating over the ap-
plause in the newspapers he clips 
it out and pastes it in his scrap book 
so that he may often see it and show 
it to others. Regardless of how bad 
the heart may be, or how foul the 
means by which he acquired that 
which is called greatness among 
men, his nature is gratified by the 
reputation accorded. 
But a good reputation can be ac-
quired by honest living and efficient 
industry, and he who gains it by 
such means need not resort to the 
questionable methods of others. A 
reputation based on character may 
be villified, may be subjected to that 
which is untrue, may be disrespected. 
may be relegated to oblivion, but in 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
the midst of all this it is unmoved 
and will at last be known for what 
it truly is. There are those who 
treasure a good name above riches 
wrongly acquired, and Who find in 
their work a means for the gratifica- 
tion of the worthy desire to obtain 
it. A worthy reputation is greatly 
to be desired, and work so done that 
it becomes a fair and just means to 
this end, will be done with interest, 
with a minimum of fatigue, and will 
be well done. 
Still again, man differs from the 
bulloc!: in the treadmill in that he 
needs diversion from the sameness 
of the task day after day, but from 
which many see no way of escape, 
and in which, therefore, their need 
for interest and enjoyment must be 
satisfied. To achieve this requires in-
telligence and spirit of a very supe- 
rior quality. 
That which is only beautiful, that 
is, which has been made solely for 
beauty or which is beautifully per-
formed for the sake of beauty, is 
often just as useful as that which 
has been made or performed merely 
to be useful. But not many can paint 
beautiful pictures, or carve lovely 
figures or make enchanting music on 
the harp. The artist does that. But 
before he became an artist he toiled 
and drudged for many weary years, 
often depriving himself of rest, 
sleep, food, and comfort doing the 
same thing day in and day out, but 
robbing the process of its drudgery 
because perfection was his goal, and 
finding pleasure in every little step 
of progress. 
Striving for perfection makes the 
difference. The artist by his labour 
produces that which is beautiful and 
enjoyable because he strives for per-
fection. But the worker at the loom, 
the shoe-maker, the printer, or the 
writer at the desk, can also strive for 
perfection and make of himself an 
artist at the work he must do if he 
cannot do what he wants to do. If 
perfection be the ultimate goal and 
not merely the making of a passable 
article or giving passable service, the 
task one must perform will be de-
prived of much of its drudgery and 
invested with a degree of interest 
and enjoyment. Perfection then be-
comes the ultimate goal and the 
day's wage an incident, and life 
takes on a different meaning. This 
• 
will make the difference between the 
artisan and the artist. This demon-
strates a rare spirit and a rare de-
gree of understanding. A few work 
to this end. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCH/LAN. MAY, 1949 
Generally speaking, observation 
does not seem to indicate that very 
many derive much pleasure or in- 
terest from their work. Few are 
they who do it because they like to 
do it. Rare indeed are those young 
men who will put as much heart into 
their duties in the office, factory, or 
field as they will into a game of 
football or chess. The football usu-
ally consumes so much of physical 
energy that should any employer de- 
mand the same expenditure for the 
work for which he pays he would 
be branded a tyrant, while the game 
of chess or cards certainly burns up 
mental energy at a greater rate than 
anything the clerk does at his desk. 
Still the football often seems to be 
rest after a day of alleged physical 
labour, while a whole evening over 
the chess board or at cards cures 
the headache that was a plague all 
day'at the office desk. 
Look into any large office room 
where a group of clerks are at work 
such as a government establishment 
where no one has a personal or 
private interest in the business, and 
where no one seems to feel that he 
has anything special to gain by do-
ing his work as well as he is capa-
ble of doing it. Look into the faces 
of that group and only here and 
there is one to be spotted who seems 
to be putting more interest into his 
work or to be working with more 
intelligence than the bullock. Pick 
out any one at random. .His own 
careless personal appearance, the 
indescribable untidiness and con-
fusion of his work table under 
which his foot wiggles, the sluggish-
ness, and apathy with which he 
moves, and his amazing tenacity in 
refusing to do anything today that 
can by any possible ruse be post-
poned until tomorrow, indicate at-
titudes that would rob even football, 
chess, or cards of interest and en-
joyment. No wonder work is drudg-
ery! 
Now look at a factory or any 
other place where groups of workers 
gather at machines, work benches or 
in packing rooms. See them run to 
work when the whistle blows or the 
bell rings! They do not walk—they 
run. Is it because of love for their 
work? Observe them a while. See 
how the great majority keep their 
eye on the foreman and the clock. 
Here again only now and then is 
one to be seen who really tries to do 
his best. The majority aim to do as 
little as possible and still retain 
their wages. Whether or not they 
earn them is not a matter for con-
cern. When the boss is out they loaf, 
shirk, and cheat in various ways and 
resort to any trick to avoid the work 
they are employed to do. A large 
number of holidays or any event that 
can be used as an excuse for remain-
ing away from work is accepted as 
gain. They strike for less days of 
work and shorter hours on those 
days, but do nothing useful with the 
time • gained. Everything indicates 
that all but a few despise work and 
accept it as a curse and indignity to 
which they must submit because of 
necessity and compulsion. It makes 
of life a dreary, wearisome burden. 
Were it possible for such to exist 
without work, they would do none 
of it. 
If any work is to be free from 
drudgery there must be a personal 
interest in it, but lack of vision robs 
most workers of such interest. If 
their compensation is the salary or 
wages received, their entire interest 
is confined to that and not to achieve-
ment. Lack of purpose and toil with-
out direction toward some tangible 
achievement makes work a hum-
drum, stultifying job, and at length 
makes the worker capable of noth-
ing better. 
All but a few are lashed to toil 
and work by the need for a morsel 
tc eat. It is an irrevocable rule that 
he who will not work shall not eat, 
though in these lands there are many 
who try to infringe it, some suc-
ceeding fairly well. It is a great 
blessing that man must work in or-
der to eat and live, for were it not 
so ,his energies would be directed 
into the ways of evil doing by which 
the world would be made unbearably 
evil and filled with still greater 
wickedness than at present. A certain 
amount of toil is essential for man's 
physical, mental, and moral welfare, 
even though it has 03 be done under 
compulsion. 
The fact that one must work in 
order to subsist is not a reason why 
he should deprive himself of the 
joys of living. Everyone can have a 
purpose to live for, an objective to 
achieve, and can thus make some• 
thing more of his toil than drudgery 
and burden. 
The worry cow might have lived till 
now; 
If she hadn't lost her breath; 
But she thought her hay wouldn't last 
all day, 
So she worried herself to death. 
—Selected. 
3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Language 
CARIB Indians of, the West Indies 
speak a different language among 
the membefs of each sex. The men 
'lave a language which is spoken 
mly among themselves, and the 
women also have a language of their 
own. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iti-vrataitir 
MiarsiesQ.og 
Ationgiam 
nai, 
-isolon 
vOlatiistriWgce' 
v1X.i.11/104,,, 
N . THE NEWS 
�
'-74111,111.0.1k 
vivosagral#7 
Religious Freedom 
THE Rumanians recently passed a 
religious law guaranteeing religious 
freedom to all recognized sects, so 
long as they in turn respect the free-, 
dom of other sects. This same law 
also confirmed the recent denuncia-
tion cf Rumania's Concordat with 
the Vatican. 
Traf is Regulations 
TILE Swedish government is pre-
paring a revision of Sweden's traffic 
regulations which will ban all driv-
ers past seventy years of age, and 
recommend that the laws affecting 
intoxicated drivers be applied also 
to bicycle riders and drivers of 
horse-drawn vehicles. 
Achievement 
ALBERT K. GAYZAGIAN, twenty-one 
years old, has been blind from 
birth, and yet he has graduated from. 
Harvard University as an honour 
student. During his four years in col-
lege he took nctes in Braille short-
hand and typed out papers to be 
turned in to his teachers. He also 
helped organize a four-piece band 
and played the piano and clarinet 
at socials. Albert is now taking 
graduate work and hopes to receive 
higher degrees. 
Energy 
SCIENTISTS estimate that the eyes 
consume about one quarter cf the 
total nervous energy of the body. 
Plastic Surgery 
POLYETHYLENE, a new plastic used 
by the United States Navy during 
the war for constructing radar equip-
ment, has been found to be an ex 
cellent substitute for human car-
tilage and bone needed in plastic 
surgery. Noses, eyes, jaws, ears, and 
large portions of the skull can be 
reccnstructed with it, according to 
4 
the Journal of Plastic Reconstructive 
Surgery. The plastic is said to be 
superior because it will not warp or 
dissolve but becomes adherent, and 
resists displacement and post-opera-
tive reaction. 
Reducing Exercise 
IF yoti are overweight you had 
better cut down on calcrie intake 
It is more effective than trying to 
work off unwanted weight. The 
physiotherapists calculate that you 
need to walk about thirty-five miles 
to reduce one pound. 
Growth 
FISH have been made to grow 
twice as fast as normally in Lech 
Craiglin, an enclosed salt-water sea 
in the west of Scotland, by the ad-
dition of sodium nitrate and phos-
phates to the water. The chemicals 
also increase the growth of the small 
plants on which the fish feed. The 
experiment was conducted by Dr. 
Fabins Gross of the University of 
Edinburgh. 
Printing Press 
TILE wcrid's largest printing press 
has just been installed at Concord, 
New Hampshire, U. S. A. The 258-
ton, "Goliath," as the pressmen call 
it, is 100 feet long and stands two 
storeys high. It turns out 8-, 12-, 
and 16-page sections of a book of 
144 pages, which are all folded and 
printed in five. colours on each side 
cf every page. The giant will soon 
have an identical machine standing 
beside it, but at present it alone is 
turning out 20,000 completed copies 
of the current edition of the Read-
er's Digest every hour. 
Minerals 
CONSIDERABLE deposits of pure 
lead and uranium have just been dis-
covered in Greenland by a Dani_h 
expedition. 
Coal Mining Machine 
THE Sunnyhill Coal Co., near New 
Lexington, U. S. A. have in opera-
tion a twenty-six-ton machine which 
can take out of a mine 1,000 tons of 
coal in a day with cne man opera-
ting it. 
The machine is a low-slung, 
twenty-five foot long contraptic n 
which travels on caterpillar tracks. 
It has two horizontal rows of rotary 
steel drills which chew out ,the coal 
and sweep it on to a conveycr which 
carries it tc)ver the tail of the machine 
into mine cars. 
Pain Killer 
A NEW pain-killer, six times mote 
powerful than morphine, has been 
produced in Britain. In trials car-
ried out so far on patients the drug 
has given quick relief in rheumatic 
complaints, pleurisy, heart trouble, 
sinusitis, toothache, gastric ulcers, 
and inoperable cancers. Heptalgin 
(the name of the drug). can act 
within a few minutes and rarely 
takes more than half-an-hour, while 
its pain-killing effects last for at 
least three to four hours. Swallowed 
in tablet form or given as an in-
jection it attacks the seat of the 
pain without producing drowsiness 
or a feeling of depression. While it 
is too early yet to say with certainty 
that Heptalgin is in any way habit 
forming, it has been established that 
addiction to this drug is certainly 
less likely to occur than with other 
analgesics. Heptalgin is already be-
ing sold to overseas countries.—
London Press Service. 
Auto-Operation 
DR. THEODORE HERR'S appendix 
was- causing trcuble. The thirty-
seven-year old decided to remove it, 
and in order to find out how his pa-
tients felt, he injected Novocaine and 
operated on- himself. An assistant 
handed him the instruments as he 
worked in a half-reclining position. 
Next day he was out of bed, at-
tending to his patients. He says that 
he is not very sympathetic with vocal 
suffering. 
NE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
D. I. J. 
4.14 
PET: 
Mobile Hospital for Workers 
The conception of bringing the doctor and 
the nurse with 1911 equipment to the patient 
has been realized by the industrial workers of 
Slough, England, where a mobile dressing 
s':ation, with th,e required medical fatuities, 
is now available to the workers. It is the first 
of its kind in Britain, and has, judging by the 
numerous inquiries received, obviously arcused 
world-wide interest. The picture on the left 
shows the treatment room of the mobile unit 
and a patient receiving treatment' from the 
nurse. 
ZN1 �
tAM 
fik'N 
A Cure for Leprosy 
This plant has been specially constructed 
for the manufacture of sulephetrone, the new 
sulfa drug discovered by British medical men 
for treating leprosy. This most dreaded dis-
ease which for centuries has been considered 
incurable, and the victims of which have been 
subjected to the most rigid segregation, is 
now found to respond to this new British 
 
 
MI ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
u. L J. 
5 
T
HERE is alway:. an exaggeration 
of affairs in a newly explored 
field. In the same state of over-em-
phasis is the matter of psychosomatic 
medicine. 
"Formerly, when a child didn't 
turn out as well as it was hoped be 
might, the parents remembered that 
in his infancy some inattentive nurse 
had dropped him on his head; now 
it's me glands! If you are too tall 
or too short, too fat or too lean, too 
nervous or too dull, it's the glands! 
If you lack hair or have too much, 
if your skin has pimples, if your 
nails are brittle, if your child wets 
the bed, if •your arms are too long 
or your hips too wide, it's , the 
glands! If your physician can't ac-
count for your complaints on any 
other basis (even allergy, a psycho-
somatic relationship, or a vitamin 
deficiency) then it's your glands! 
Granted that these are unscientific 
and exaggerated statements, they 
contain as much truth as the equally 
unscientific and exaggerated claims 
of �
many `endocriminologists.' "— 
Collected Papers9of the Mayo Clinic 
and the Mayo Foundation (Phila-
delphia:,W. B. Saunders Co., 1942), 
Vol. 34, p. 449. 
"An attitude is gaining ground 
among the profession as well as with 
the laity that if a man has no 
demonstrable defect and still per-
sist4 in being ill, he should consult 
a psychiatrist. Or since psychia-
trists are rare and such patients 
seem to be innumerable, he should 
perhaps try to find someone who for 
want of a better term has been 
called a specialist in psychosomatic 
medicine, and who has become espe-
cially, interested in the relationships 
and interplay of organic and emo-
tional disease. Such an attitude may 
have some justification in expedi-
ency to meet existine conditions but 
can do little toward the final solu- 
• 
tion of the problem. Psychosomatic 
medicine is medicine itself. The role 
of humanist cannot be assigned to 
any one group, whether its members 
be called psychiatrists, psychoso-
maticists, or priests. The study of 
man and his values is at least as 
much a part of internal medicine as 
physiolou, chemistry, or anatomy. 
Fundamerital concepts which in-
volve or modify our understanding 
of all disease can never be regarded 
6 
as �
clinical specialties.... By no 
means are all internists involved in 
these defects: Osier, Francis. Pea-
body, and many others of our prede-
cessors were great humanists who in 
being so never lost their respect for 
science."—David P. Barr, "The Re-
sponsibilities of the Internist," An-
nals of Internal Medicine, August, 
1947. 
Do our glands control our mental 
and emotional behaviour? Does the 
mind project into the fingers and 
toes distresses and disturbances 
which do not really exist in these 
peripheral parts? This latter field is 
just now receiving great attention. 
To a physician who keeps his feet on 
the ground of scientific facts this 
seems a rather fantagic, or at least 
a highly imaginative affair. Never-
theless, there are certainly many sub-
jective distresses of great variety 
which cannot be shown to have an 
objective or demonstrable cause in 
the part where the distress is located. 
And besides this field there are emo-
tional, nervous, temperamental, and 
other apparently purely psychic 
states which likewise have no obvious 
anatomical basis. What are the 
causes of these mental and nervous 
phenomena? 
Since I have had experience with 
many such "cases" and by reliable 
criteria identified and relieved them, 
I would venture a few observations. 
There are two so-called ductless 
glands which bulk large in this field 
of intangibles—thyroid and ovarian. 
Only one of these applies to both 
men and women. This is thyroid 
gland degeneration, with an accom-
panying low metabolism, or hypo- 
thyroidism. There are not only all 
sorts of bodily distresses as head-
ache, backache, numbness, tingling, 
aching. soreness, tenderness, but also 
a great variety of symptoms to which 
both the patient and the doctor are 
likely to attach names of diseases 
which have no existence in fact, and 
cannot be demonstrated by any 
known method of exathination. 
parts or near them. In some cases 
of actual arthritis, as shown by X-ray 
or deformities of the joints, the pain 
can be, and is, relieved by thyroid 
extract if there ,is a low metabolism. 
A happier adju tment in daily living 
is often accomplished, and distress 
is relieved when the metabolism is 
brought up to normal by thyroid ex-
. tract properly given. The complete 
story in the words of the person is 
the first item in diagnosis. The next 
is a full and complete physical ex-
amination to find or rule out or-
ganic disease at the area of disturb-
ance. Laboratory tests must also be 
taken to rule out or discover other 
biochemical or nutritional disorders. 
X-ray is often necessary in this thor-
ough hunt for structural disease. The 
physician must of necessity have in 
mind all possible causes of such 
distresses as are enumerated by the 
patient. A certain amount of suspi-
cion is also necessary in this ex-
haustive quest for the cause of the 
trouble, but diagnosis must be based 
on tangible demonstrated defects or 
disorders. Not infrequently this thor-
ough examination leads to a solu-
tion of domestic relations. Unfor-
tunately there is almost no account 
of these affairs in physiologies or 
books on endocrinology. Many me-
tabolism tests are done on persons 
who are not in basal condition, and 
hence moderate degrees of deficiency 
are not discovered. 
Moreover, the lower limit of the 
range of normal metabolism as 
given in all the books for years 
back and down to date is not cor-
rect. Minus 10 per cent is not the 
lower limit of normal, but rather 
about minus 5 per cent. The test 
must be taken before the patient 
gets out of bed in the morning in or-
der to secure a reliable figure. There 
may be as much as 15 per cent dif-
ference between the reliable method 
and the ordinary commonly used 
method. A restless, sleepless night 
is almost certain to give a false 
figure. The treatment, with gradually 
increasing doses of thyroid extract, 
is a slow, time-consuming prodecure, 
but is the method that must be fol-
lowed if results are to be secured. 
Much more could be written re-
garding the great variety of physical, 
nervous, and temperamental ills, 
often involving domestic tranquil-
lity. which results from hypothy-
roidism. Some of these are very simi-
lar in nature to the nervous mani-
festations of vitamin deficiencies, 
and the two may co-exist. 
Tin theturrAL WATCHMAN, MAT, 1949 
NOW IT'S THE GLANDS 
G. K. ABBOTT, M.D. 
LOCATING THE TRUE CAUSE OF THE 
DISEASE 
Of these latter, especially notable 
are arthritis, sacroiliac slips. colitis, 
and even heart disease, merely be-
cause the distress is located in these 
CAN CAUSE 
RHEUMATISM 
Worry during hours of work or at other times is responsible for much ill health. 
WORRY 
EDWARD PODOLSKY, M.D. 
T
HERE is an old saying but a 
very true one: "Man's mind is 
man himself," which simply means 
that mind and body are integrated, 
and what affects the mind also af-
fects the body. Take worry, for in-
stance. Worry is purely a mental 
phenomenon, but it can and does 
have very pronounced effects on the 
body. Among the most painful of 
these is rheumatism. However, 
worry, fear, and emotional upsets 
are not the only contributing causes 
of this malady. Age, exposure, and 
sometimes infection play a role in 
the production of rheumatism and 
arthritis. Yet it is a fact that one's 
disposition, if you please, can af-
fect his bones and muscles. 
Dr. Bernard I. Comroe is a well-
known authority on arthritis, or 
rheumatism. In the ,large clinic he 
conducts he has found that more 
than one-fourth of all his patients 
worried themselves into painful, 
swollen, aching joints. Says the doc-
tor: "Many patients with rheumatoid 
arthritis were nervous or highly-
strung as children. Depressing influ-
ences have frequently been found 
immediately prior to the onset. More 
than twenty-five per cent of one 
series of patients showed a history 
of worry.
, 
 
Another well-known physician, 
Dr. Russell L. Cecil, has found that 
emotional disturbances, great and 
small, act as a stimulus to the onset 
of arthritis. Dr. Cecil lists among 
the possible causes of arthritis not 
only marriages gone wrong, financial 
disaster, and grief, but long-cher-
ished resentments, loneliness, and 
worry. 
Doctors Cobb, Bauer, and Whiting 
found in a series of patients suffer-
ing from arthritis, a significant rela-
tion between disturbing situations 
and the arthritis. The situations 
found alone or in combination in-
cluded financial distress, family dif-
ficulties, the loss of a parent or 
spouse and unfaithfulness of a mars 
ried partner. The effect involved was 
usually that of worry. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
Dr. E. S. Jelliffe quite a few years 
ago found that the emotions play 
a very important role in the causa-
tion of arthritic aches and pains. 
Environmental stress, especially pov-
erty, grief, and family worry, seems 
to play a very important role. Dr. 
Thomas, who also is very much in-
terested in arthritis, after studying 
a great many cases stated, "The rule 
was to find that for years the pa-
tient had been neurotic; then an 
unusually severe conflict developed, 
and in the midst of this struggle 
arthritis appeared." 
A few cases will serve as good il-
lustrations of the factor of emotions 
in arthritis. G. H., 46, lost his posi-
tion as a draftsman, began to worry 
about his finances, his security, and 
the future. Six weeks later he devel- 
oped arthritis. Mrs. K. M. saw her 
husband killed in an automobile ac-
cident. Several days later the joints 
of her hands began to swell. In a 
week she had a full-blown case of 
arthritis. Mrs. H. K. fell ill after 
worrying about her son, who was 
overseas. She developed arthritis of 
the hands and knees. 
There is the case of a young 
woman of thirty-two. Her childhood 
was filled with hardships. Her father 
died when she was three. When she 
was ten her mother became insane. 
At present she is in great conflict 
over her obligations to her sister, 
who supports her: Frequent emo-
tional upsets are followed by swell-
ing and pain in the joints. 
Another case is that of a woman 
of fifty. She had been well all her 
life and happily married until her 
husband, eight years ago, ran off 
with another woman. After this ex-
perience, however, she became de-
pressed, and rheumatism developed. 
But when her husband returned and 
she resumed her life with him, the 
pains in the joints disappeared. A 
little later her husband suffered 
financial reverses, and she began to 
worry a great deal. Almost at once 
her rheumatic pains returned. 
Then there was the case of a mar-
ried woman of thirty-eight. She was 
the youngest of eight children and 
was always very sensitive. She mar-
ried and was quite happy until her 
husband took to drink and became a 
confirmed alcoholic. This caused her 
to worry a great deal. In time she 
developed arthritic pains in the fin-
gers, wrists, elbows, ankles, and feet. 
7 
Another case was that of a man of 
forty-two. He had been well all his 
life, was married and making a good 
living. Then he took to gambling. 
He lost considerable money and be-
gan to worry because he could not 
overcome his love for gambling. 
Then he developed pains in all his 
joints. 
Persons who develop arthritis 
show definite emotional self-limita-
tion and self-restriction. They tend 
to be independent and self-sufficient, 
keeping themselves to themselves. 
They are self-sacrificing. They are 
over-tidy, over-cleanly, over-consci-
entious, slaves to routine, and hive 
a strongly developed sense of duty. 
Just how emotions operate in caus-
ing arthritis is not understood in its 
entirety. It is well known that emo-
tional tension over a long period of 
time brings about lasting changes in 
the sympathetic nervous system, the 
great network of nerves which oper-
ate and control the beating of the 
heart, breathing, circulation, and 
other vital activities of the body. Un-
der the influence of adverse emo-
tions the heart increases in rate, and 
blood vessels go into spasm. Cir-
culation in the affected joints falls 
below par because the small blood 
vessels are constricted. The muscles 
are under constant tension, and this 
also serves to interfere with the 
blood circulation, bringing about 
poor nutrition of the joints. 
Muscular relaxation is extremely 
valuable in all cases of arthritis 
caused by emotional upheavals, be-
cause of the close relationship be-
tween muscles and bones. Physiol-
ogists tell us that during muscular 
relaxation the body eliminates tox-
ins, renews used tissues, restores the 
energy, and eases the tension on all 
the joints. 
A practical programme for mus-
cular relaxation is the following; 
Muscular relaxation should be prac-
tised in the morning before arising 
and at night after retiring, and also 
in a moment of leisure during the 
day. Stretch out on your back, 
shoulders propped on a cushion, 
head slightly raised and supported 
by a pillow. Whenever convenient, 
remove as many clothes as possible. 
The limbs should be extended 
naturally. Drive all pre-occupations 
except those of the exercise from 
your mind. Force your attention 
upon your whole musculature until 
you feel a vague pain, a sensation of 
pulling. This is a sign that your con- 
8 
sciousness has become aware of the 
semi-tension state. 
Next relax your muscles as though 
you wished to be entirely limp. The 
ideal state, when the pulling sensa-
tion is over, is the impression that 
you are a mass of inert flesh. When 
the exercise is finished, return to the 
normal state should not be accom-
plished suddenly. Take time, and 
then have a long stretch, like a cat. 
Muscular relaxation of the head 
and face is particularly valuable in 
banishing worry and anxiety from 
the mind. First relax the lower part 
of the face by smiling. Then either 
close the eyes, or better still, look 
straight ahead- into space without at-
tempting to see. Such muscular re-
laxation produces mental calm 
which is accompanied by a vague 
I
T IS sometimes said rather bitterly 
that with careful medical treat-
ment one can be cured of cold in a 
week, whereas if nature is left to 
take its course it disappears in seven 
days. Unhappily, this is virtually 
true and until recently a cold has 
remained almost unchallenged as the 
world's most common ailment and 
one which every year causes tens of 
millions of working hours to be lost. 
During the past two-and-a-half 
years, however, an intensive study 
of the problem has been made in 
Britain at Harvard Hospital, Salis-
bury. Although no spectacular cold 
cure has been announced, this spe-
cial unit set up by the Medical Re-
search Council and the Ministry of 
Health has just been able to report 
real progress and the clearing up of 
a number of important points which 
have so far been very doubtful. 
ANIMALS ARE IMMUNE 
The greatest difficulty in studying 
the common cold has always been 
that no known animals—except 
chimpanzees—are susceptible to it, 
while the ailment itself is not serious 
enough to bring sufferers to hospi- 
sensation of physical and mental 
well-being. 
Breathing is also a very good 
method to bring about muscular re-
laxation. Breathing should be slow, 
rhythmical, and complete. Expira-
tion should not be accomplished be-
fore inspiration is complete—in 
other words, before the lungs are 
again entirely filled with air. Also, 
inspiration should not begin before 
the lungs are emptied, at least to 
a large extent, of the air inhaled 
during preceding inspiration. 
The two simple physical measures 
described above will go a long way 
toward bringing about relaxation of 
muscles and blood vessels, and 
easing nervous tension. Prevention is 
much more effective than a cure. 
tals or clinics where they can be 
carefully studied. Consequently, lab-
oratory work is extremely difficult. 
At Salisbury for the first time it has 
been possible to bring together 
really large numbers of human vol-
unteers for detailed research. In the 
two-and-a-half years of its existence, 
nearly a thousand volunteers have 
visited the clinic for ten-day peri-
ods. 
During their stay elaborate pre-
cautions are taken to see that they 
run no risk of accidental infection 
from the staff or from fellow volun-
teers, so that the results of the ex-
periments made can be quite clearly 
understood. While relying on their 
human volunteers, the research 
workers have themselves made re-
peated attempts to find some suscep-
tible animals but quite without suc-
cess. Hedgehogs, monkeys, ferrets, 
mice and many other animals all en-
joy complete and enviable immunity 
from this human weakness. 
A satisfactory method has been 
perfected for inducing colds in the 
volunteers at will. It is done by 
transferring the nasal washing from 
somebody in the throes of a cold to 
the nose of a volunteer. A high pro- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
COMMON 
COLDS 
DR. TREVOR I. WILLIAMS, 
Deputy Editor Scientific Quarterly Endegvour 
The common cold ii not fatal but annoying and costly. 
• 
The virus present in nasal secre-
tions appears in some ways to be ex-
traordinarily resistant. Thus, when 
stored in intense cold, the secretions 
retain their infective powers even 
after two years. On the other hand, 
some popular writings—which the 
Salisbury workers have studied just 
as carefully as records in medical 
journals—seem to show that in a 
small community the cold virus dies 
out in a few weeks unless fresh in-
fection is brought in' from the out-
side world. Thus the Spitzbergen 
community finds that colds almost 
disappear a fortnight after the last 
ship leaves in winter but there is an 
epidemic as soon as the first ship 
▪ 
arrives in the spring. 
In Tristan da Cunha, another very 
isolated community, the same kind 
▪ 
of thing occurs though here an in-
teresting fact is that the ships which 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
arrive after long voyages bring no 
colds presumably because the virus 
has died out en route. Ships from 
Cape Town, twelve days away, bring 
colds but not those from Panama 
which make a long journey round 
.Cape Horn. 
An unsuccessful but none the less 
important series of attempts was 
made to cultivate the cold virus in 
incubating hens' eggs, but four corn• 
monly used techniques which have 
succeeded with other viruses failed. 
The cold virus which can for a few 
days reduce the strongest man to 
misery was apparently unable to 
thrive in the delicate tissues of an 
unhatched chick. 
Most people have their own ideas 
about the original cause of colds—
the two main schools of thought be-
ing that which maintains that all 
colds are caught from other suffer-
ers and that which believes that cold 
feet, draughts, and so on are the cul-
prits. The Salisbury experiments 
suggest that both the answers may 
be right. �
• 
Almost everybody may harbour 
the virus at some time or another 
but cold develops only when draught 
or sudden chill temporarily lowers 
the body's resistance or when one 
receives a particularly heavy dose of 
infection by coming into close con-
tact with a person whose nose blow-
ing and sneezing is sowing a rich 
crop of infected droplets. 
The ubiquitous handkerchief also 
seems to be a dangerous source of 
infection. Experiments with bacteria 
show that a carelessly flourished 
handkerchief can contribute eUor-
mous numbers of bacteria, and pos-
sibly viruses equally easily become 
airborne. This 'danger might be al-
Most completely averted i if every • 
handkerchief was impregnated with 
some suitable disinfectant every time 
it was laundered. 
Natural resistance to colds varies 
enormously from one person to an-
other and in the same person from 
one year to another. It is on this 
fact that the reputation of most of 
the popular cold cures is built. •At 
Salisbury, volunteers received doses 
of infection thousands of times 
heavier than would normally be en-
countered in everyday life, but even 
so, two people out of every five 
proved resistant to a single attempt 
at infection. Very few, however, 
claimed to remain free from colds all 
through the year. 
A popular belief not altogether 
borne out by these experiments is 
that after suffering from a cold one 
is temporarily immune to another. 
In fact, however, it proved possible 
to re-infect some volunteers less than 
a fortnight after they had recovered 
from the previous cold. 
It is popularly believed that colds 
are a consequence of cold weather 
and are, therefore, seasonal in their 
onslaught. The Salisbury team 
doubts this. Thus in the West Indies 
an, epidemic of colds may occur in 
Decerhber, when the temperature is 
a little Lower than it is in mid-sum-
mer. In other countries, the mon-
soon and not a cold spell may herald 
an outbreak of colds. Immunity to 
colds in summer may be apparent 
rather than real and a consequence 
of the fact that instead of crowding 
together indoors we spend a lot of 
time in the open air where the 
chance of infection is much less. 
These careful British experiments 
have not led to the full knowledge 
of the cause of colds or to any 
method of curing them, but they have 
laid a very Aolid founda
tion for fu- 
ture work. In particular, they have 
succeeded in their main object, 
which was to work out a practical 
laboratory method for a detailed 
study of colds, without which'no 
 
progress could be hoped for. 
9 
portion of "takes" is recorded, 
though wide differences in individ--
ual resistance have been discovered. 
'Another discovery is that infection 
is present fully twenty-four hours 
before the sufferer becomes aware 
of it. Some normal people without 
colds seem, from these experiments, 
to be the carriers of the cold virus. 
EXTRAORDINARY RESISTANCE 
IT IS the wish of every human 
being to be in health. We all de-
sire abundant health, vigour, and 
energy. In order to have this physi-
cal vigour, however, not only must 
we observe certain physical laws of 
health, but the mind, which is the 
seat of control of the body, must 
also conform to certain laws. Many 
pay little attention to their centres 
of control—their seat of government, 
the mind. They are indifferent to 
its needs,' and pack it with undis-
ciplined, untrained, and even evil 
thoughts, and then wonder why the 
body which it governs, rebels and 
refuses to perform its work prop-
erly. Nations of the world that fill 
their legislative bodies with ineffi-
cient, undisciplined men, incapable 
of handling the problems of the com-
monwealth, soon find their country 
disintegrating, their people rebel-
lious, their leaders disloyal. Simil-
arly, a body that is controlled by a 
mind unable to meet the buffetings 
of life in a strong way, and which 
readily yields to worry, fear, anx-
iety, and depression, soon finds it-
self in a condition of disorder and 
disease. 
The human animal is endowed by 
his Creator with a mind capable of 
great development, great power, and 
great thought. It is His purpose that 
this mind be used to order and di-
rect our lives intelligently and 
wisely, so that not only good physi-
cal health will result, but a good 
life as well. In every life, storms, 
difficulties, and disappointments must 
come. If our minds are not condi-
tioned to meet these vicissitudes, we 
yield to worry, fear, depression—all 
abnormal states of mind, which har-
boured, bring chaos to our mental 
processes and illness to ourselves. 
It is, therefore, vital that we give 
thought to our mental state. It is 
vital that we learn how to meet life's 
problems with peace of mind and 
spiritual serenity. One writer has 
said, "Heap worldly gifts at the feet 
of foolish men. Give me the gift 
of the untroubled mind." 
Someone may ask, "How can my 
thinking affect the functioning of 
my body?" The relation that exists 
between mind and body is very 
close. When one is fiffected, the 
other sympathizes. The mind, being 
the seat of control, is influenced by 
abnormal mental states such as 
worry, fear, and melancholia. These 
conditions of mind stimulate the 
hypothalamus, that portion of the 
10 
brain controlling the activities of 
the internal organs. Nerve fibres 
emanating from this part of the 
brain carry stimuli which produce 
changes in organ functions. By such 
stimulation heart action may be in-
creased or slowed, blood pressure 
may be raised, digestive processes 
stimulated or retarded. In fact, all 
the internal organs may be affected 
as a result of persistent worry and 
anxiety. It is normal to be fearful 
in times of real danger, normal to 
be anxious in times of threatened 
losses and the body is uniquely 
provided with emergency equipment 
to meet such exigencies. But it is 
not so equipped to handle these ab-
normal states continuously. It is the 
harbouring, the cherishing, the 
clinging to our griefs and troubles 
that plays havoc with body func-
tions. 
I have many patients who ask me, 
"But how can I overcome these 
worry habits when I have nothing to 
be happy and contented about?" In 
reality the state of a contented mind 
is not dependent on one's physical 
condition, environment, or comforts 
of life. Wealth and luxuries cannot 
buy it. Success and prosperity are 
no assurance of its presence. It may 
be found in every walk of life. PrRb-
ably the most outstanding examples 
are to be found in those who have 
suffered most, for they have con-
quered the most. 
We have all known and admired 
some individuals who meet life's 
problems with strong mental forti-
tude and untroubled mind. Up in 
the mountains there lives a little 
woman whose attitude of mind in the 
face of overwhelming misfortunes 
has been the amazement of all who 
know her. Totally blind for years, 
partially deaf, a great sufferer, with 
no worldly wealth to provide physi-
cal comforts, she has been, and is, 
one of the happiest souls it has been 
my privilege to know—ever an in- 
spiration to those about her. During 
the years when she sensed that her 
eyesight was failing, she stored her 
mind with passages of comfort and 
cheer from the Good Book, as well 
as many soul-inspiring poems and 
songs. Then when the blackness of 
night descended permanently upon 
her, although advanced in years, she 
studied Braille, and continued to 
seek out gems of hope, not only for 
her own comfort, but to pass on to 
others.' To spread kindness, encour-
agement, and cheer has been the all-
absorbing passion of her life. 
Then I think of another, a "most 
unforgettable character" so ably de-
scribed by Anne Morrow Lindberg 
in a recent popular magazine. With 
brilliant successes in the intellectual 
world, Edward Sheldon in his late 
twenties was attacked by a painful 
and progressive form of crippling 
JOHN F. BROWNSBERGER, M.D. 
arthritis, which finally culminated in 
complete rigidity of his entire body, 
imprisoning him to his bed for life. 
A few years later total blindness 
also overtook him. In spite of such 
a succession of staggering catas-
trophes, Edward Sheldon overcame 
the miseries of his own life and 
threw his interests and all the capa-
bilities of his active mind and big, 
understanding heart into the absorb-
ing work of helping others. From his 
bed he gave sympathy, understand-
ing, and encouragement to all who 
sought his help—and they came by 
the hundreds. Although he is now 
at rest, the influence of his life lives 
on, a continuous blessing to all who 
knew him. 
Some may say, "A few rare indi-
viduals can do that, but I'm dif-
ferent. My mother was a great wor-
rier, and my grandmother too. I'm 
just like them. There is nothing I 
can do about it." But there is some- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCI-MAN, MAY, 1949 
thing that can be done. It is possible 
to change one's thought habits, al-
though definite effort is required. 
Thoughts may be compared to a 
stream which flows on and on in a 
certain direction. If that direction is 
along the way of discontent and un-
happiness, we ourselves will finally 
become changed. Our natures, our 
expressions, our characters, will be-
come set and moulded along these 
lines. In order to change, the stream 
must be redirected at its source, the 
thoughts, and allowed to follow an-
other pathway. 
Our interests must be redirected, 
and our lives organized around goals 
of supreme value. Serenity of mind 
must replace worry; confidence and 
trust supersede fear; kindness and 
love supplant suspicion and distrust; 
mature attitudes replace childish re-
actions to troubles; and trust in di-
vine power should take the place of 
self-trust. With such purposes life 
may become satisfying, full, and 
abundant, in spite of handicaps be-
yond our control. With our minds set 
on such a worthwhile goal small diffi-
culties encountered on our way may 
easily be ignored. One writer has 
said, "If you wish to see far horizons 
from some mountain-top, you do not 
howl and moan over every little 
stretch incidental to the climb." 
Self-understanding is essential to 
sound mental health. The old adage 
"Know thyself," is wise. One of the 
first steps to take is to examine your-
self, get acquainted with your as-
sets and liabilities, study your prob-
lems, face directly and unemotion-
ally all the factors involved in your 
life. In this examination you will 
find that you have two kinds of lia-
bilities, problems, or defects—those 
which can be remedied and those 
which cannot. There may he physi-
cal or environmental handicaps be-
yond your control. These must be ac-
cepted and compensated for intel-
ligently. The liabilities that can be 
TILE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
remedied are the ones to tackle. Dis-
agreeable mental traits should be 
faced, and an effort made to replace 
them with desirable ones. Each lia-
bility thug replaced increases one's 
assets for meeting other difficulties. 
As we frankly face our own defi-
ciencies, we will become more toler-
ant of others in their weaknesses, 
and gradually a kindness of heart 
unknown before will fill the life. 
Most of the undesirable thoughts 
that clutter our minds are fear or 
worry thoughts. We fear everything. 
We fear we will not succeed in our 
race for economic security; we worry 
because our friends may scorn us; 
we worry about our personalities; 
we bemoan our failures; we fear 
old age; we fear sickness and death. 
I have known some patients who 
feared to go to sleep at night lest 
their hearts stopped beating. Many of 
those now confined to mental insti-
tutions are there because of worry 
or fear, which, uncontrolled, saps 
one's vital forces and leads to physi-
cal as well as mental illness. 
Fear thoughts can actually exag-
gerate pains in our imagination—
pains that in themselves may not be 
serious but that with ever-present 
fear may grow to be serious in con-
dition. This fear affects the nervous 
system, the functioning of the 
glands, the work of the organs, un-
til we really do have diseases that 
are difficult to cure. Fear thoughts 
should be replaced with happy, 
cheerful thoughts. Joy in the Heart 
is revealed to others by the smile on 
the face and the cheer in the voice. 
Cheer has definite therapeutic value, 
not only for the one who has it in 
his heart, but also for those about 
him. The wise man said, "A merry 
heart doeth good like a medicine." 
Joseph Addison once wrote, "Cheer-
fulness keeps up a kind of daylight 
in the mind, and fills it with a steady 
and perpetual serenity." This is the 
state desired by the troubled mind. 
Experience has demonstrated 
again and again that he who has 
peace of mind has also kindness of 
heart. Failure to be kind to others 
destroys this peace. We must realize 
that every person we meet is made 
of the same human clay as we are, 
also that everyone is a dignified hu-
man soul. To love one's neighbours 
is to achieve an inner tolerance for 
the irritating habits of others. Christ 
said, "I have compassion on the 
multitude." Not just a few, but all. 
Our strength is doubled when we 
show comNassion toward humanity. 
One writer has said, "Our lives must 
be prisms through which the rays of 
deep fellow feeling may pass, col-
ouring and lighting a world grown 
black with cruelty and suffering." 
There are untold resources about 
you that can contribute to your men-
tal health. Broaden your interests. 
Tackle some interesting activity as 
soon as discouragement descends 
upon you. Wholesome pleasure, a 
programme of work and play bal-
anced by good physical health and 
the rest, will help to bring peace t( 
the mind. Develop creative hobbies. 
preferably where the hand as well as 
the brain may be used. Impelling 
interest will give the energy. A 
prominent physician once wrote, 
"Hard work, plenty of it, whether 
physical or mental, never in itself 
produced one single case of nervous 
exhaustion." And Henry Ward 
Beecher stated, "It is not work that 
kills men; it is worry. Work is 
healthy. You can hardly put more 
upon a man than he can bear. Worry 
is rust upon the blade. It is not the 
revolution that destroys the machin-
ery, but the friction. Fear secretes 
acids; but love and trust are sweet 
juices." 
Association with noble works of 
art and literature helps to promote 
inward peace, although these alone 
are not sufficient to satisfy the soul. 
One great aid in restoring serenity 
to a troubled mind is to listen to 
great inspiring music. To understand 
and appreciate good music is to have 
an additional weapon with which to 
fight life's battles. The right kind of 
music should become as much a 
daily factor in building and main-
taining mental health as proper diet 
and sleep. 
"And night shall be filled with 
music, 
And the cares, that infest the day, 
Shall fold their tents, like the 
Arabs, 
And as silently steal away." 
11 
F
OUR-YEAR-OLD Tommy had 
behaved very badly. He had 
scribbled all over the walls in the 
dining room, and when his mother 
had scolded him and taken away his 
crayons lie had thrown himself on 
the floor in a rage. When his fa-
ther came home at supper time 
Tommy's mother met him at the 
door. 
"We've just got to do something 
about Tommy," she said. "He is 
completely out of hand. You must 
punish him tonight—I've tried 
everything." 
Tommy's parents were not un-
usual in feeling that if only they 
could find the right punishment 
they could control their child. Pun-
ishment seems to many parents the 
key to good behaviour. They feel 
rightly that little children need to 
be controlled, but too often they 
feel that control means punishment 
rather than guidance toward de-
sirable behaviour. 
The faith that many parents 
place in punishment has grown out 
of our past. It has come from the 
attitude of many of our parents and 
DOES 
of our parents' parents before them. 
It used to be thought that a child 
was born "bad" and that it was the 
duty of the parents and teachers to 
make him "good." This belonged to 
the period when a child's will was 
regarded not as something to be 
guided but as something to be 
broken. Punishment was considered 
an essential means toward this end; 
a child would not behave without 
it. The old adage, "Spare the rod 
and spoil the child," grew out of 
these roots. It is only recently that 
we have • realized Chat a child is not 
born bad, but develops into An ac-
ceptable or unacceptable person be-
cause of those things which happen 
to him after he is born. 
12 
Because we now know that chil-
dren are not inherently bad, we no 
longer need to feel that we must 
make them good; we can accept the 
idea of helping a child to become a 
desirable person by guidance rather 
than by force or punishment. Now 
we think that punishment is a 
method of teaching acceptable be-
haviour only when other methods of 
guidance have failed, and that even 
then it should be used sparingly. It is 
perhaps the least effective way of 
teaching a small child the difference 
between acceptable behaviour and 
that which is unacceptable. 
A little child has many things 
which he must learn. He comes into 
the world with impulses which are 
not acceptable to the adults in our 
society. He likes to play in the dirt; 
he wants to touch everything, to pull 
things down, to feel them, to play 
with them; if he sees something he 
wants hp will snatch it, and even hit 
or kick ithe person who stands in his 
way. This way of doing things is 
natural for the young child. He is 
not being bad or naughty. On the 
other hand, if he is going to live 
with other people and get along 
with them without too much fric-
tion, he must learn that there are 
other ways of behaving. 
Learning takes place best when 
the child is interested in what he is 
doing and receives some satisfaction 
from the experience. Sue's mother 
• 
knew this when she encouraged her 
five-year-old daughter to help put 
away her toys at the end of the day: 
"Let's put your toys away, Sue. 
Supper will soon be ready. You ar-
range the dishes on the shelf, and 
I'll put the blocks in the box." 
"I'll put the cream bowl here." 
"I'll put the blue, blue saucer 
here." 
"How nice they look!" chanted 
Sue. 
"How nicely you have arranged 
the dishes. They look so neat and 
pretty. That is a fine job," said 
Mother. 
Sue had not put all her toys away 
by herself, but she was learning that 
things which are used are put back. 
When she is older she will be able 
to put things away without Mother's 
help. Because she felt pride at be-
ing praised for a good job, Sue is 
likely to help her mother much more 
readily than if her mother had said, 
"Put away afl those toys, Sue. It is 
supper time." 
It is true that children can also 
learn through pain or punishment, 
just as Sue might have learned to 
pick up her toys if she had been 
scolded and spanked when she 
didn't. Learning which comes from 
pain may also bring feelings of ten-
sion, of bitteiness, and of rebellion. 
Two-and-a-half-year-old Phil was 
playing on the floor when Mother 
came into the room to tell him lunch 
was ready. 
"Come and wash your dirty hands, 
Phil, lunch is ready." 
"Won't wash hands, won't eat 
lunch," shouted Phil. 
"Come this minute, you naughty 
boy, and do as you are told." 
But Phil held his ground until 
Mother spanked him and dragged 
him howling into the bathroom. 
"I hate you, you bad Mummy," 
sobbed Phil, hitting at her and try-
ing to bite while mother scrubbed 
his face and hands. Phil's mother 
GLADYS GARDNER JENKINS 
WORK? 
may have won; Phil had his hands 
washed but at what cost to his feel-
ings for his mother and his rela-
tionship with her. 
Punishment is frequently admin-
istered by the adult to call a halt 
on undesirable behaviour at the mo-
ment. The parent who relies on 
punishment to control the situation 
usually is thinking only of the im-
mediate issue, not of the permanent 
lesson to be learned by the child. 
Johnnie is hitting Betty again, it 
must be stopped, so Mother hits 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
R. Krishnan 
Impatient punishment like this does not have the desired effects. 
Johnnie and takes him screaming 
into the house. The relationship be-
tween parent and child which exists 
when punishment is a frequent oc-
currence is rarely desirable. Too 
often the parent is feeling irritated, 
tense, and unable to manage the 
child, while the child is also tense 
and bewildered by the way in which 
his parent has swooped dowii upon 
him. 
Very often a child is punished for 
behaviour which does not seem 
wrong to him, but is wrong in adult 
eyes. When he is punished in such 
a situation, he is naturally bewild-
ered. Four-year-old Joe wanted to 
see the pretty things in his mother's 
bureau drawer; mother had some-
times shown them to him. He opened 
the drawer, pulled out the boxes, and 
was happily at play when his mother 
found him. 
"What are you doing you naughty 
boy? Put those things back at once. 
Don't you know you shouldn't get 
into bureau drawers?" 
"But Mummy, I just want to play 
shop with them." 
Joe's mother wouldn't listen, and 
Joe was spanked and shut dip in his 
room. The child of two or three, or 
even four, is too young to have 
learned fully that some things are 
"mine" and some are "yours." How 
much wiser Joe's mother would have 
been if she had said, "I know it is 
fun to play with those things, but 
those are mine. If you would like to 
see them, ask me and I will show 
them to you." 
Punishment which is delayed is 
also bewildering to a pre-school 
child. The young child has a very 
short memory span. He cannot be ex-
pected to connect punishment which 
Father administers at night with his 
refusal to come in from play in the 
morning. The morning incident is 
over and forgotten, or if it is remem-
bered the setting is lost. He is apt 
to feel rebellious toward Father who 
comes home and scolds and pun-
ishes him for something which now 
has little meaning. 
There are times when well-con-
sidered punishment can be effectively 
used to back up learning, but it is 
out of plaec with the small child as 
he cannot yet completely under-
stand cause and effect. Punishment 
bewilders, disturbs him, and fre-
quently creates anxiety. The little 
child must feel the security of a 
warm relationship with his parents. 
He learns by their expressions pf 
approval or disapproval. But if the 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
disapproval is too great, so that the 
warmth of the relationship seems to 
have disappeared, as it does when 
the child is spanked, or shaken, or 
scolded too severely, it is more than 
he can take. He feels that his par-
ents do not love him if they talk to 
him like that or hurt him. As one 
four-year-old put it, "Don't get mad. 
It worries me." 
Frequently a small\child who is 
being scolded or punished is so 
startled by the change in a parent, 
that he is completely bewildered and 
loses sight of what he has done. How 
much more effective the learning 
which takes place when a parent 
says quietly but firmly, "No, you 
can't do that, but you can do this," 
or "If you hurt Billy you cannot 
play with him for a while." This 
type of 'guidance begins to teach 
what is desirable and undesirable 
behaviour. If it is repeated con-
sistently through the pre-school 
years, by the time the child is ready 
for school he has learned to get 
along with others. A reasonably 
happy child tends to want to con-
form and win approval. Guidance 
is a slow process, but it brings per-
manent results without the destruc-
tion of the warm and friendly rela-
tionship which is essential between 
parents and children. 
But many mothers say, "I am too 
busy always to give patient guidance. 
If punishment seems to work, and 
keeps situations under control, isn't 
it better to use it? When Molly gets 
into things I spank her." Her mother 
had been spanking two-year-old 
Molly for a year, but Molly still has 
not learned not to touch things. To 
be sure, she stops touching when she_ 
is spanked; she realizes that Mother 
is displeased with her, but she does 
not remember from time to time 
what it was that displeased her. 
Molly's natural inclination to touch 
and explore is strong. Her mother 
could have taught her much more 
during the past. year if instead of 
spanking her she had substituted 
something the child might handle 
and examine for those things which 
she must not have. The spanking 
worked for the moment, but the real 
learning was lost. 
A little child comes into the world 
knowing neither right nor wrong. At 
first he knows only his own feelings, 
whether he is comfortable or wet or 
hungry. Gradually, as he gets a little 
older he realizes that his mother ap-
proves of some things and disap-
proves of others. He loves her and 
he wants.her approval. She is nicer 
when she approves. In his desirr to 
please Mother he accepts what she 
says as right, what she does not al-
low as wrong. 
13 
..„The child is in this stage during 
Ins early pre-school years. He is not 
yet at a point of development or un-
derstanding in which he can take the 
responsibility for his actions. He is 
gradually learning what he may and 
may not 'do, but Mother still has to 
take the major responsibility for see-
ing that he does what is permissible. 
If she thinks of his failure to be re-
sponsible for his action as naughti-
ness and punishes him, she makes 
learning more difficult by harming 
her relationship with the child. On 
this 'relationship learning is based. 
By consistently guiding him in de-
sirable ways of behaving, she gradu-
ally leads him to the next step—the 
development of an understanding of 
what is right and wrong, the begiri-
ning of the ability to accept some 
responsibility for his actions. This 
happens usually somewhere between 
four and a half and six. 
The tiny child hits his baby sister 
whether Mother is in the room or 
not. He hits because he wants to hit; 
he has not yet learned that hitting 
is undesirable. The three or four-
year-old may start to hit, see his 
mother and stop. Her presence re-
minds him that he must not hit. 
If Mother had not been there he 
might have hit the baby. The older 
child has reached a point of develop-
ment where he knows that he should 
not hit the baby whether Mother is 
there or not. Before this point has 
been reached, punishment for doing 
wrong is useless. When this point 
has been reached, we can begin to 
expect a child to take more responsi-
bility for his conduct. 
Five-year-old Mary had been given 
freedom to go to kindergarten alone, 
and to visit her friends in the neigh-
bourhood, but it had been pointed 
out to her repeatedly that the traffic 
on the boulevard was so heavy that it 
was dangerous for a little girl to 
cross alone. Mary crossed the boule-
vard to visit a friend. Her mother 
realized that this was a serious 
enough situation to require punish. 
ment, so Mary had to play in her 
yard for the next two afternoons. 
Mary was old enough to understand, 
and punishment was effective. 
Even at this age or with an older 
child punishment should be used 
sparingly and only when a child has 
deliberately done something which 
he knows is forbidden. The most ef-
fective punishment is not that which 
is severe, but that which follows 
when possible the path of natural 
consequence.—Parents' Magazine. 
O
UR stomachs are ill-understood 
and much-abused organs, with 
a multitude of duties. Not only do 
they put up with whatever of food 
or liquid we like to shoot down to 
them at any old hour of the day or 
night, but they have a full-time job 
registering our emotions, and being 
held responSible for a lot of our 
ailments. Actually the stomach is 
merely a dilated part of our diges-
tive tube, and has few of the quali-
ties or functions assigned to it. 
When a lift stops suddenly, it is the 
nerve centres in the
Rbdomen in-
fluenced by the semi-titular canals 
in our ears that cause the funny 
feeling, and not our stomach. It is 
the same nervous centres that react 
to fright, rage, etc., and not the ac-
tual organ we think is tied in a knot. 
The ancients referred to the belly 
or bowels as the seat of the emo-
tions. They knew that unpleasant 
stimuli had this reaction on the nerve 
centres in the abdomen, and they 
blamed the stomach for it. Even in 
this day and age, we carry the same 
ideas, and blame the viscus for a 
lot of our nervous ills. Quite 
wrongly is the stomach blamed for 
all this. We may as well blame the 
third part of the duodenum or the 
small bowel, as much as the 
stomach. 
But though we may abolish many 
of its supposed functions, the stom-
ach still has left a very important 
role—that of being the first recep-
tacle for our food in the process of 
digestion and assimilation of what 
we eat. It is essentially a muscular 
organ with three layers of muscle 
fibres. One set runs lengthways, a 
middle set round the organ in a cir-
cular manner, while the third or in-
nermost is oblique. These muscle 
fibres can open out or constrict and 
thus lead to a small contracted or-
gan. When full, the stomach can 
hold from one to one and one-half 
quarts. When empty it holds but a 
few ounces. 
Besides muscle, the slcimach has 
other layers—an inner one or mu-
cous layer, a soft velvety layer, like 
the inside of the mouth, except for 
numerous folds or ridges. These are 
well marked when the stomach is 
empty, but tend to become flattened 
out as the organ becomes distended. 
A sub-mucous layer attaches the mu-
cous layer to the muscle layer, and 
a serous or peritoneal layer covers 
the outer of the three muscle layers. 
When empty the stomach muscle 
is relaxed, with only an occasional 
wave of contraction. When food is 
swallowed it passes down the 
oesophagus, or gullet, and by its own 
weight separates the gastric walls 
and passes down to the lower part 
of the stomach, which is called the 
pylorus. This. pyloric part of the 
stomach is a chamber wherein food 
is macerated, fragmented, and thor-
oughly mixed. Waves of muscular 
contraction called peristaltic waves 
commence near the middle of the 
body of the stomach, and swEp 
downwards over the pylorus. These 
peristaltic waves are shallow and ill-
defined at their commencement, but 
become stronger as they descend. As 
digestion proceeds they increase in 
strength, so that when at their height 
they bite deeply into the gastric 
walls. These peristaltic waves when 
seen under the X-ray appear as a 
band of constriction that travels 
down a few inches behind the last 
band and a few inches in front of 
the next. 
Gastric motility is the term used 
to describe the frequency and 
strength of these waves, and this 
varies in individuals. In some types 
of stomach the wave travels very 
quickly, completing its journey in 
ten to fifteen seconds. In others the 
•� 
14 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
Diagram 01 abdorninttl organs. 
I (Esophagus �4 Small Intestine 
2 Stomach �
5 Colon 
3 Duodrnum �6 Ca.c.orn 
7 RECttim 
waves take thilty seconds or more. 
The slow waves are more common. 
Aside from these individual dif-
ferences gastric motility, or the 
movement of the stomach, is influ-
enced by the chemical character and 
bulk of the meal. Fats, for instance, 
slow up the movements. So do the 
products of protein digestion. Nerv-
ousness and excitability tend to in-
crease peristalsis, while other emo-
tional states—apprehension, fear, 
mental strain, shock, or depression 
—reduce the movements and the 
powers of contraction of the stom-
ach. Pain and fatigue act Similarly. 
Severe exercise upsets stomach move-
ments and abolishes them. 
Apparently the stomach is a high-
spirited and sensitive individual and 
must be handled with care. But how 
many abuse their stomachs as they 
bolt their food, eat under stress and 
strain, and after a few years suffer 
from dyspepsia. This dyspepsia 
refers to the discomfort or distress 
which follows shortly after a meal, 
and is believed to have its origin 
in one or other of the factors men-
tioned above. When food is taken 
while one is fatigued, anxious, agi-
tated, or hurried, disturbances of the 
normal muscle mechanisms of the 
stomach give rise to unpleasant gas-
tric sensations. 
Just how these arise is not exactly 
known, but it is not unlikely that it 
has to do with an upset in the nor-
mal descending waves of peristalsis. 
Some believe that reverse waves 
arise which lead to a feeling of 
heartburn, belching, and a feeling 
of discomfort. The nervous state 
referred to as psychic factors leads 
to the so-called nervous dyspepsia. 
According to Alvarey, a famous 
American bowel physician, this is 
"the disease of the mother who pre-
pares the meal, and th6r1 wrangles 
with the children or husband at the 
table; it is the disease of business 
men and women who gulp down 
some food at a counter and rush 
back to work; and it is the disease 
of the president of the luncheon 
club, or of the travelling sales man-
ager who gives 'pep' talks at lunch-
eons and dinners." 
Alcohol in small doses increases 
peristalsis—the raison d'etre of the 
before-dinner drink. So do coffee 
and small amounts of bicarbonate 
of soda. Smoking, however, de-
presses the muscular movements. So 
do infectious fevers (hence the 
reason for light, soft, easily digested 
THE. ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
foods during a fever), and vitamin 
B1 lack has a similar action. 
After about three or four hours 
the contents of the stomach, having 
been rendered fluid or semi-fluid, 
have passed on to the intestine. This 
more or less homogeneous creamy 
material with gruel-like consistency, 
is called chyme. The process of di-
gestion starts in the mouth, where 
the food is mixed with the saliva 
which contains ptyalin, a ferment to 
digest starch. Being swallowed, the 
ptyalin if thoroughly mixed with 
the food has most of its action in 
the stomach till the rising tide of 
gastric acidity stops its activity. Be-
sides the digestive action, saliva has 
an important action in moistening 
the food to be swallowed, thus en-
abling it to be rolled into a plastic 
mass which is given a lubricant coat-
ing. Try to eat a dry biscuit in a 
hurry; it sticks in the throat till the 
saliva comes to help it. 
The stomach has glands in its 
walls which secrete the gastric juice, 
consisting in the main of pepsin, a 
protein ferment or digest, and hy-
drochloric acid. This gastric juice, 
up to one-half to three-quarters of a 
pint. is poured forth in--response to 
two factors. The first is the psychic 
factor, i.e., the thought, sight, or 
smell of food; the other is the gas-
tric phase, i.e., the presence of foot!, 
in the stomach calls forth more gas-
tric secretion. As previously de- 
scribed, worry and anxiety retard 
gastric movements. These have the 
same effect on gastric secretion. 
The application to dietetics be-
comes obvious—foods agreeably 
flavoured and attractive in appear-
ance, impressions received from a 
meal prepared in a pleasant way, 
and most likely also sensations 
aroused by the surroundings, all 
have an effect on gastric secretion. 
The gourmet is on sound physio-
logical grounds—his food does him 
good. Not so the glutton who over-
eats, nor the anxious worrying type 
who hasn't enough juice to digest 
his food. 
Care, worry, and anxiety appear 
then to have a bad influence on the 
stomach. Firstly, the food is bolted, 
is swallowed in big lumps and is 
not properly mixed with saliva. Sec-
ondly, there is not the usual out-
pouring of gastric juice to digest 
the food. Lastly, the muscle action 
or gastric motility is far below nor-
mal level. All these factors add up 
to dyspepsia. It occurs in the man 
who can't eat, whose meals lie in 
his stomach for hours, and not being 
properly digested do him no good. 
The same result occurs in chronic 
alcoholics and heavy smokers. A few 
simple rules then appear quite jus-
tified as a result of the consideration 
of these factors, and we present them 
as a preventative and cure for dys-
pepsia and chronic digestive upsets. 
1. See the food is palatable, ap-
petizing, nicely prepared, and eaten 
in pleasant surroundings and in a 
pleasant, calm atmosphere. 
2. Never eat in a hurry or when 
upset or worried. 
3. Chew the food slowly, mixing 
it well with saliva. 
4. Avoid rushing back to work or 
business immediately after a meal. 
Give the stomach a chance to digest 
the food. The results of ouf age are 
seen in the dyspepsia and ulcer in- 
cidence. Follow the above rules and 
good health will be yours, or at 
least your tummy won't bother you. 
Sight-Seeing 
DOMENICO GERMANO, eighty years 
old, after spending fifty-one years in 
prison in Turin was recently re-
leased. He spent his first night of 
freedom seeing for the first time in 
his life, tram cars, buses, bicycles, 
and cars. He is planning a vOage 
of 7,000 miles to Argentina to see 
his family. 
15 
• �
• 
HABITUAL �
I. R. BAZLIEL, MAJOR, I.M.S. (Ex.) 
CONSTIPATION 
T
HE term constipation cannot be 
defined in absolute terms, the 
frequency at which normal persons 
have bowel movements varying 
widely. Some may have two or three 
movements daily while others may 
have two or three per week. What-
ever the frequency, bowel movements 
in a normal person occur regularly. 
So we can define constipation to be a 
disturbance of intestinal function, 
usually of the colon, which results in 
delayed, incomplete, or irregular 
evacuation of faces. 
Constipation is a frequent disor- 
, der of mankind leading to ill-health. 
Habitual irregularity is the com-
monest form of constipation which 
is being aggravated ,by modern liv-
ing conditions. Lack of fresh air and 
exercise, over-refined foods and 
nervous tension are important con-
tributing factors. Constipation can 
be classified into two groups. (a) 
atonic: where there is impairment 
of the muscle tone of the intestines. 
It occurs commonly in individuals of 
sedentary habits who have a greater 
intake than output, developing 
flabby, lax muscles and obesity. In 
this country such specimens are pre-
dominantly exhibited in market 
places. (b) Spastic constipation: oc-
curs in persons with nervous tem-
peramenA and excitable natures. The 
causes of constipation can be well 
grouped under the following head-
ings: 
1. MECHANICAL, such as pressure 
on the intestine by abdominal tu-
mours, kinks or twists in the intes-
tines, narrowing of the lumen of the 
intestines due to ulcerations, scars, 
tuberculosis, syphilis, and cancer. 
2. DYSCHESIA iS a difficulty in ex-
pulsion of faces from the colon due 
to �
painful stimuli from . fissures, 
piles, fistula or enlarged prostate. 
3. INHIBITION IMPULSES which 
arise in the nervous system or in-
testinal tract, may be associated with 
mental, spinal, oreendocrine diseases 
like hysteria, neurasthenia, diseases 
of the gall bladder, appendix or 
colon. 
4. FUNCTIONAL CAUSES include 
disturbances of nutrition, amemias, 
fatigue, and impaired tone of the 
muscles of the colon. 
This article is not intended to 
deal with most of the organic causes 
of constipation as tabled in groups 
1, 2, and 3, but the main idea is to 
enlighten the readers and especially 
the non-medical public about the 
commonest form of constipation 
which is termed habitual constipa-
tion due to functional causes. Such 
constipation is most often produced 
by irregularities in time and quality 
of food, sedentary habits, irregular 
habits of moving the bowels and in-
attention to the calls of nature. When 
once it has developed, it is ag-
gravated by the use of frequent ca-
thartics or purgatives which in turn 
lead to inflammation and irritation 
of the large bowel (colitis) and 
weakness of the bowel muscles 
(atony). Thus a vicious circle forms 
necessitating more and more frequent 
purgations to relieve an almost con-
stant habitual constipation. No won-
der the sufferer starts feeling in-
disposed, lethargic, morose, discon- 
A healthy colon 
gives one a bright-
It' outlook' on life. 
tented, and ill-tempered. To make it 
worse, the quacks and even some of 
the medical profession express the 
condition in such ambiguous terms as 
sluggish liver, intestinal toxemia, 
auto-intoxication, indigestion, etc. I 
would prefer to quote below two ex-
amples indicating how injudicial use 
of cathartics can be harmful and 
ultimately ruin the whole system. 
(a) I am personally acquainted 
with a person who years ago once in 
a while became constipated which 
was evidently due to his suffering from 
piles, resulting in slight indisposi-
tion and lethargy. Somebody sug-
gested that intestinal toxemia was 
the cause-and purgation was highly 
indicated. The advice was most faith-
fully followed. The result was dra-
matic but as was natural a severe 
constipation was the result for a few 
days after the purgation due to fa-
tiguing of the bowel musculature. 
These purgations had to be repeated 
about every second or third month 
in the beginning but gradually the 
frequency of these so-called intes-
tinal toxemias increased, every time 
requiring a physic. Ultimately the 
condition deteriorated to such an ex-
tent that the person had to take a 
purgative two or three times a week, 
and above all he was becoming a 
16 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
No need to worry about constipation if we include plenty of fresh fpits and 
vegetables in our 
peristalsis wave , of twenty-four 
hours takes place in the colon. 
The rectum is filled, there is a 
call to defecate, the diaphragm and 
abdominal wall contract, the termi-
nal sphincters relax and the process 
is complete. In most of the people 
this performance is enacted once or 
twice a day but there are many who 
skip one or several days and are not 
in the least disturbed. The colon-
conscious fellow is however trou-
bled more in the mind than in the 
colon. If he happens to consult a doc-
tor who is also wedded to the fasci-
nating idea of "auto-intoxication" the 
repeated purgeg or enemas put him 
in a state of chronic drug diarrhoea 
with physical and mental indisposi-
tion. Not all of those who are con-
scious of this affliction escape the 
surgeon, and those who do, should 
be considered lucky. 
Before considering the treatment 
of this common complaint, a word 
of warning to avoid over-negli-
gence will not be out of place, 
and should always be borne in mind. 
Sudden changes in bowel habits, 
especially in elderly people arouse 
suspicion of an obstructive defect 
either in the stomach or intestines, 
which may be in the nature of a 
cancer, and calls for immediate, —
thorough, and repeated investigations 
by an experienced physician until the 
condition is satisfactorily explained'. 
When after proper medical exami-
nation any possibility of organic 
trouble leading to this condition has 
been excluded and the condition 
labelled as habitual constipation of 
functional origin or colon conscious-
ness, then the treatment may be em-
ployed under the following heads. 
1. Psychotherapy: This concerns 
mostly those who are called upon to 
treat such patients. To gain the pa- 
17 
nervous wreck. Much psychotherapy 
and will power on the part of the 
• 
patient had to be employed before 
he could get out of this trouble. It is 
roughly ten years now that he. has 
hardly ever taken a cathartic and is 
in perfect health. His intestinal exit 
ope tes as faithfully as the inlet, no 
dou t traffic occasionally slows up 
a bit and as a consequence terminal 
unloading facilities are put to some 
test, but these are never severe 
enough to cause any break downs or 
needed repairs. 
(b) Another young man is known 
to me who was advised by his doc-
tor to take enemas occasionally for 
toning up his sluggish liver, which 
during the course of a couple of 
years became so frequent that he had 
to resort to an enema every day to 
facilitate the evacuation of his intes-
tines. All the attempted toning of his 
liver resulted in the atoning of his 
bowel musculature. The terminal 
eight inches of his digestive tract was 
ballooned enormously, and the pa-
tient himself had become an absolute 
neurotic. It was almost impossible to 
talk him out of this habit. - 
All different conditions of func-
tional and habitual constipation can 
be summarized under a distinct en-
tity called "Colon Consciousness." 
This is a disturbance of the condi-
tioned reflex upon which normal bowel 
movement depends. The disturbance 
may be caused by environmental 
changes in neurotic individuals and 
may be aggravated by unscrupulous 
treatments as mentioned above. The 
normal physiological behaviour of 
the colon and rectum is quite sim-
ple. When a meal is taken, the ilio-
cmcal valve (at the junction of the 
small and large bowel) is relaxed 
and by rhythmic muscular contrac-
tions (peristalsis) the contents of the 
small bowel are pushed into the 
large'bowel, at the same time waves 
of contraction sweep along the colon 
(large bowel) where the water por-
tion is absorbed and the faces con-
verted into their final form and 
brought to the pelvic colon which is 
filled. In an infant there is no men-
tal control of the terminal stage of 
this filling and the result of this 
lack of control is well known to 
everybody. In course of time an 
elaborate conditioned reflex devel-
ops, in which getting up in the 
morning, mouth wash and bath, 
breakfast and finally sitting down on 
a familiar water closet take part, 
with the result that the strongest 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
.:s. 
fill 
r. 
... 
Peed baby the Glaxo way . . 
Ott akszo milk food of absolute purily . 
. . . �
untouched by hand �
 
reinforced with iron and Vitamin D. 
Sole Distributors in India 
H. J. FOSTER & CO. LTD. Bombay Calcutta 
Madras 
tient's confidence, talking him into 
the right line of treatment and re-
moving all sorts of wrong impres-
sions from his mind is the rusence 
of this therapy. One factor should 
never be forgotten; that all these in- 
18 
dividuals need readjustment to some-
thing in themselves or in their en-
vironments. It is the duty of the at. 
tending practitioner to find out that 
something, then to lead the patient 
to face and live with it. Marty peo- 
ple wrongly harbour the idea, 
which often becomes an obsession 
with them that their bowels do not 
move with sufficient frequency or 
completeness. Reassurance on thii 
point is desirable before starting 
any treatment. It is helpful to con-
vince them that if their bowels do 
not move at a certain hour they will 
surely move at some later time and 
there is no ground for worry. They 
should understand that an effort is 
being made to re-educate their sys-
tem and an immediate cure cannot 
be expected. 
2. Habit and Posture: No little 
stress can be laid on the regularity 
of bowel movement. Whatever the 
suitable time or frequency one must 
stick to it. The person must go to 
stool at a fixed hour every day, 
whether there is desire or not. 
The habit of going to stool in the 
early morning hours has its advan-
tages. Firstly there is more time at 
one's disposal before entering the 
hurry and scurry of the modern life, 
secondly the body must have had a 
good rest in the night to help the 
whole process. Often the house-
wives who are very busy at this 
time or people who like to rush to 
their work in the early hours, "put 
it off" until the desire is no longer 
felt, the conditioned reflex becomes 
dulled and constipation sets in. As 
soon as such people accept the ad-
vice of regularity in visiting the 
stool and start practising it with all 
determination the purpose is ac-
complished. 
3. Diet: The old conception that 
the main trouble was the food which 
left very little residue or roughage 
has been given up by the leading 
specialists and with that has gone 
the idea of giving foods which con-
tain fibres, skins, and seeds like 
bran, prunes, salads, dates, pine-
apples, string beans, etc. These 
cause more irritation to an already 
irritated colon. The present belief 
is that the colon of the patient suf-
fering from functional disturbances 
is always in its spastic state due to 
hyper-irritability and that the best 
thing to do for such a colon is to give 
it rest by giving a smooth diet for 
some time till the state of irritability 
is gone and then to gradually change 
on to a more liberal and regular diet. 
For a smooth ,diet eat no food with 
skins, seeds, fibres, or gristle. Salads, 
celery, tomatoes, cucumbers, pineap-
ples, green vegetables like beans, 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
Peel potatoes, cut into halves, scoop out centres. Mix crushed 
peas with chopped. onions, chillies, and the juice of lime and 
salt to taste. Stuff mixture into centres and bind halves of 
potatoes together by thrusting thin sticks through. Fry potatoes 
in hot Dalda and put aside. Next, prepare curry by frying 
onions and tomatoes with masalas in a degchi. To this add 
the fried potatoes. Seal down lid of degchi with atta dough, 
cook on brisk fire for hour, then let simmer on low fire for 
another 4 hour. Serve hot. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HOW CAN DALDA ENRICH 
YOUR DAILY FOOD ? 
Write for free advice today — or any day ! 
THE DALDA 
ADVISORY SERVICE 
 
 
P.O. BOX NO. 353. BOMBAY I HVM 97-172 
 
 
 
 
 
19 
upset. Family quarrels and rows 
should be kept away from the table. 
It is said that the only time when 
Napoleon Bonaparte used to be with-
out his habitual serious mood was 
at the dinner table. He would even 
try to be humorous, in his own way, 
at that time. 
4. Exercises: There is a lot in the 
cabbage, onions, green and red pep-
pers, radishes, turnips, and melons 
should be particularly avoided. 
Avoid sugars and sweets as ' they 
cause fermentation and gases. The 
following articles are suggested for 
different meals. (a) Breakfast: Oat-
meal, orange juice, grape fruit (ex-
cluding fibres) white bread, toast, 
butter, eggs, puffed cereals like corn 
flakes, bananas, idleys (rice cakes) 
are all good. Coffee or tea, shredded 
wheat, biscuits, cakes, bran, and 
other coarse breakfast foods are not 
permitted. Fried foods like purees 
and vegetables at breakfast should 
be excluded. 
(b) Mid-day and evening meals: 
Soups, bread and butter, rice, pota-
toes, mashed, boiled or otherwise, 
sweet potatoes, cauliflower, all water 
gourds, peas, lentils, or lima -beans, 
pulses of different kinds should be 
used to start with. Soft cooked mac-
aroni is good. Curds and buttermilk 
should be used. No salads should be 
used. Chillies and spices are not 
allowed. Those who are interested 
in desserts, should take simple pud-
dings, custard, sago, ice-creams, 
jellies, suji, stewed fruits especially 
pears and peaches. In fruit pies only 
the fillings should be taken. Cheeses 
are troublesome. All types of meat 
should be avoided. After the intes-
tines have rested for a week or two 
and their irritability passed off, lib-
eral vegetables like cabbage, beans, 
onions, cucumbers, tomatoes, tur-
nips, carrots, radishes, eggplant (brin-
jal) okra (lady fingers) and spinach 
should be instituted. All fruits and 
fruit salads, raw vegetable salads 
can now be permitted. Green leaves 
of "sarsone" and turnips used as a 
cooked vegetable in the North are 
excellent for removing constipation. 
Wholewheat bread should be liber-
ally used now. If still flip constipa-
tion is continuing figs arid prunes 
should be added. As regards fluid 
intake water should be taken freely, 
one or two glasses of water the first 
thing on rising and before retiring 
has proved very efficacious in some 
stubborn cases of constipation. A 
glass of cool water with the meals 
aids digestion and at least one glass 
should be taken in between the 
meals. This course does not apply to 
hot countries and climates where 
much more water must be consumed 
daily. 
Before closing the subject of diet 
I would lay special stress on one 
principle and that is: avoid eating 
when in a rush and when mentally 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
old saying that "have motion and 
you shall have a motion." No little 
stress can be laid on regular, healthy 
exercise even if it consists of a good 
early morning walk. Any outdoor 
exercise is beneficial as long as it is 
taken in moderation and regularity. 
Different types of abdominal exer-
cises help in removing chronic con- 
The Skin is a 
natural barrier 
Fortunately Nature has pro-
vided us with barriers against 
the constant menace of infec-
tion. The skin is the most 
important of these, but it is 
only effective so long as it 
remains unbroken. 
Germs can enter through 
even the smallest break, so 
follow the example of your 
doctor and rely on 'Dettol' to 
prevent infection. 
A'EEP A BOTTLE 
IN THE HOME 
stipation. For those whose main ex-
cuse is the lack of time even in the 
early hours of the morning and who 
cannot attend an organized gym or a 
playground, I would strongly advise 
the following: As soon as you have 
opened your eyes in the morning, 
push your coverings off, lie flat in 
bed, fold your hands behind your 
head, bend your legs on your thighs 
so that heels are almost touching the 
back of thighs, bend your knees on 
abdomen so that the knees are al-
most touching the abdomen. Now 
kick your right foot in the air, move 
it in a circle bringing the leg straight 
and back to the same bent position 
on the abdomen. Follow the same 
with the left leg. Continue it alter-
nately at a rapid rate as if you were 
cycling in the air. To start with, do 
this exercise for five minutes and 
then gradually increase it to fifteen 
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minutes. Now you are in a fit condi-
tion to jump off your bed and on to 
your daily morning routine. This • 
does not involve much time and the 
simple exercise will improve your 
abdominal muscles a good deal and 
help to remove. the constipation. 
5. Drugs: The use of drugs in the 
shape of cathartics, laxatives or 
enemas si:Add he totally discour- 
aged. If the sufferer in spite of fol-
lowing all the previous instructions 
still continues his habitual constipa-
tion and the possibility of any un-
derlying organic cause has been ex-
cluded by repeated medical exami-
nations, a little medicinal help may 
he required. If any drug at all must 
he used the ideal agent with which 
chronic constipation should be 
tackled is liquid paraffin or liquid 
petrolatum or mineral oil, for it is 
non-irritating, indigestible, non-ab-
sorbable, and incapable of todergo-
ing bacterial decomposition. Its com-
bination with agar is put up in the 
market under so many different 
names like agarol, petrolagar, etc., 
and is available at every chemist's 
shop. All these things could he 
started With two teaspoonfuls morn-
ing and evening which could be in-
'creased or decreased as required. For 
those who cannot afford these ex-
pensive medicines a simple home 
treatment can be carried out with 
the common article known as 
"isabgol." A tablespoonful of this 
should be soaked in a glass of water 
for a couple of hours, until it issues 
out a gelatinous substance. It should 
be taken morning and evening. It 
has the function of softening the 
stool and lubricating the passage. As 
the stools become softened, the 
canal lubricated, and chronic habi-
tual constipation stopped, the person 
should be gradually weaned away 
from these medicaments and avoid 
them for ever after. 
To summarize, the real cause of a 
chronic habitual constipation must 
be ascertained. Organic causes 
should be excluded through medical 
examinations. Functional constipa-
tion should be treated by regulating 
the diet, the time of visiting the 
stool, and exercises. Unscrupulous 
use of cathartics and medications is 
condemned. Last but not the least, 
worry, and any factors leading to 
nervous tension, must be avoided. 
* * * 
20 
ATLANTIS (EAST) LTD. 
P. 0. BOX NO. 664, CALCUTTA. 
�
Alt 
INSECT AND FLOWER PARTNERSHIPS 
An Amazing Pattern of Life 
R. N. MONTGOMERY 
iNSECTS are the only creatures 
1 which seriously contend with man 
for control of the earth. Entomolo-
gists say that if it were not for the 
birds man would lose the struggle 
and be forced to find sources of food 
other -than plants. Paradoxically, the 
late war (in which, as usual, man 
applied all his abilities to exter-
minating his fellowma,p) did more 
scientifically to accomplish the 'de-
struction of harmful insects than had 
been done since the dawn of history. 
Economic entomology,- which is 
concerned with the protection of 
growing crops, has emerged with 
new and potent weapons to wage 
annihilative war against the farmers' 
ancient enemy, namely, such weap-
ons as DDT, DD, ethylene dibromide 
(an underground insecticide), and 
sabadilla. The now famous DDT de-
stroys insects by contact through 
their exoskeleton and feet. Results 
are impressive and many towns last 
year in U. S. A. were made free from 
the common housefly. Along with 
the flies they rid themselves of many 
other pests too numerous to mention. 
While we view with satisfaction 
the decimated ranks of harmful in. 
sects, let us not forget the many 
beneficial creatures we would be 
loath to lose, such as the bees, so 
beneficial to man; and the dragon. 
fly, that archenemy of mosquitoes 
and other insects, which perform 
a very essential function of polli-
nation, without which many plants 
would cease to exist. 
This partnership between plants 
and insects to provide pollination 
presents one of the amazing chap- 
ters in the history of nature. Bees 
with long tongues reach the sectaries 
of certain lilacs, which in many 
regions would fail of pollination 
without this service. It is very inter-
esting to note the meticulous adapta- 
tion of insects to the mode of life 
that enables than to assist in the 
function of cross-pollination of 
plants. For instance, a negative case 
is that of the drone bees, which are 
hairless; they carry no pollen, so 
they, have no need of hair. (This is 
an interesting sidelight on the Bible 
statement concerning the man who 
did nbt improve the talent given 
him, consequently it was taken from 
him.) Yucca flowers are pollinated 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
by the Pronuba moth, which col-
lects the yucca pollen in her mouth, 
proceeds to another flower and ac-
tually pushes the pollen into the 
opening of the style. 
So impOrtant is the vast partner- ' 
ship of insect and plant for polli-
nation that some flower petals are 
marked with guide lines which lead 
directly to the nectar pots. All flow-
ers which depend on• insect pollina- 
tion are so created that the insect 
agent must pass both the anther and 
the stigma. Among those contrivances 
which are so clearly the results of 
deliberate creative design must be 
mentioned the flower structure of 
the Kalmia, or mountain laurel. In 
this blossom the anthers, or pollen 
carriers, are held back from the 
throat in depressed, latterly con-
stricted pits. When an insect of suf-
ficient size to be an efficient pol-
lenizer arrives on the wing and 
alights, its weight and effort to 
reach the nectar releases the captive 
ends of the anthers, which spring 
instantly to the centre, thus pelting 
the intruder with the vital pollen. 
This stickslo the bee and is carried 
to other flowers. 
Certain milkweed pollen is shaped 
like two bags tied with a single 
string. In this case, the string is a 
short, tough, silky filament so de-
signed as to entangle .readily around 
a bee's feet, and. the pollen is thus 
carried from flower to flower. A 
clever device is employed by the 
horse balm. One of its lemon-col-
oured petals is very slippery, and 
the bumble-tee, lured by the strong 
lemon-scented perfume, alights, slips, 
grasps the stamen to right itself, thus 
violently shaking it, and showering 
down the pollen on itself. 
A further strange relationship be-
tween plants and the insect world 
is found in the numberless galls. 
Possibly the most familiar is the oak 
gall, or "oak apple," and the black- 
berry knot gall. The first is a round 
green ball; the second is a knotty, 
ridged enlargement on the stem. 
%These galls are formed by punctures 
of the inner bark by the lancet-like 
ovipositor of female insects (mostly 
gnats) in the process of egg-laying. 
Then begins an amazing prbcess in 
which the wounded plants, irritated 
and stimulated by the chemical na- 
ture of the egg and the sting, begin 
the building of tumours of hyper-
trophied tissue enclosing the eggs 
uniformly, which soon hatch into 
larva;, feed upon the juices of the 
central cavity of the galls. Thus the 
galls are at this stage parasitic. In 
the process of time the fully devel-
oped four-winged flies emerge to 
continue the cycle of life. 
Of special interest are the oak 
hedgehog galls, found on the under 
side of leaves of the white oak tree. 
These galls are brownish pink in 
colour and are covered with spines, 
from which they take the name 
hedgehog. When the leaves fall in 
autumn, the galls still contain the 
young insects. In North America they 
emerge in early November, having 
gnawed neat round doors, and ap-
pear like wingless brown ants. Being• 
forced to climb; in the absence of 
wings, they work their way up any 
vertical objects which are near by, 
apparently making no choice. Many 
perish after having laboriously 
climbed some object other than an 
oak tree. Those having succeeded by 
chance in selecting an oak tree, climb 
to the tip of the twigs and, since 
all of them are females, they prepare 
to lay eggs, without the necessity of 
fertilization by males. These eggs 
they insert into the winter buds of 
the tree t, there remaining dormant 
until spring. 
The return of warm weather stirs 
the buds to activity and also the 
hidden insects. In response to the 
iiritation produced by the larvae,' the 
plants form galls around them about 
the size of pin heads. Each , white 
worm, without eyes or legs, absorbs 
its daily food from the juices of the 
bud, grows rapidly, and becomes a 
pupa. It is ready to emerge as an 
adult when the bud expands, which 
thus frees the insect. But what magic 
is this? The adult appearing from 
the folds of the tender bud in no- 
(Continued on page 24) 
21. 
DONNIE'S SWEET TOOTH 
JOAN KING-HOATSON 
DENTIST 
G
RANDPA was going to take 
Donnie to the dentist. It was 
all settled. 
"But I don't want it to hurt!" 
Donnie, who was six years old, al-
ready had a fear of dentists. 
"Now, Donnie," Mother said 
gently, "I'm not going to tell you 
it won't hurt a little, for that 
wouldn't be true. But if you' are a 
brave boy, and help the dentist by 
sitting still, it will not hurt nearly 
so much as if you cry and strug-
gle." She winked toward Grandpa by 
the door. "And if you don't cry, I 
think there will be a surprise for 
you when you get home!" 
The dentist helped Donnie into a 
strange-looking, high-backed chair 
and smiled. 
"My, but I'm glad to have .a good 
little boy for a change. It makes 
everything twice as hard for the 
child as well as for me if he doesn't 
co-operate. Now, let's see that 
tooth!" 
With some misgivings, Donnie 
opened his mouth, but the dentist was 
so kind and friendly that he was not 
afraid now. 
"That is a bad tooth!" The dentist 
shook his head. "And it's one of 
your permanent teeth, too. Tell me, 
Donnie, do you eat many sweets?" 
Donnie nodded. Mother gave him 
annas sometimes for other things, but 
he spent them for sweets at the cor-
ner shop. He wondered how the den-
tist knew. 
"Yes, sir!" said Grandpa from the 
22 
corner by the window. "Donnie has 
a sweet tooth just like his grand-
father!" 
Grandpa laughed, and Donnie 
smiled as much as he could with the 
things in his mouth. But the dentist 
did not laugh. He looked at Donnie 
very seriously and said: 
"Yes, a great many boys and girls 
and older people, too, eat more 
sweets than they need. The sugar the 
body doesn't use for energy, de-
stroys the calcium, or hard covering 
of the teeth. Germs like to multiply 
in sugar, so when sweets stick to the 
little crevices between your teeth, 
those germs begin their work. Milk, 
bread, and other nourishing foods 
help build up the calcium and keep 
the teeth healthy, but too many 
sweets—." The dentist was busy 
with some strange-looking needle. 
Before Donnie knew what had hap-
pened, there was a little pin prick 
on his gums near the bad tooth. 
"Ouch!" Donnie had forgotten 
about its hurting him, but now he 
was getting scared again. A big tear 
rolled out of the corner of his eye 
and his lower lip started to tremble. 
"There, there!" The dentist was 
smiling sympathetically. "That is all 
you will feel. The needle contained 
Novocain, a drug that takes all the 
pain away so you won't feel it when 
I pull your tooth out!" 
It sounded strange to Donnie, but 
soon he realized it was true! That 
whole side of his jaw began to feel 
numb. And before he knew it, the 
tooth was out of his mouth and lying 
in the dentist's hand. 
"There, see what I mean?" the 
man in the white coat was saying. 
"If Donnie hadn't eaten those extra 
little pieces of sweet between meals, 
he ,would still have his tooth and-the 
tooth wouldn't have that ugly black 
hole." 
Donnie gulped and looked at the 
tooth. Could that be his tooth? 
Sweets must be bad indeed to make 
such a jagged, black hole in the cen-
tre of a nice white tooth! 
On the way home Donnie looked-
at Grandpa and felt'the vacant place 
in his mouth .with his tongue. 
"You know, Grandpa, I think he 
must have pulled my 'sweet tooth.' 
I don't think I'll want any sweets 
for a long, long time!" 
GINGER AND CHINCHILLA 
C. E. SUTTON 
G
INGER lived in a flat in the 
area of a Bombay house. He 
had a very busy life, for he did not 
always have enough to eat, and hun-
ger always makes people restless, 
and cats too! 
Now in a square, not far away, in 
a beautiful big house, lived a lovely 
grey Persian cat, with large orange 
eyes, named Chinchilla. She used to 
squat on the corner of a table near 
the window overlooking the square, 
because she liked to see what was 
going on. 
Then one day Ginger went out on 
one of his hunting expeditions and 
he suddenly saw two big orange eyes 
gazing upon him. It was Chinchilla. 
Ginger went hot and cold all over; 
he had never seen such a lovely cat 
before, but when he "miaowed" and 
looked up at her, she turned her 
head away. 
"She is such a grand lady, and I 
am only the area cat," sighed poor 
Ginger, "and my coat is rough and 
untidy, and I have a bite out of my 
Tix ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
ear, so no wonder she will not look 
at me." 
So Ginger went home, but he 
thought of Chinchilla (for cats do 
dream you know). It wasn't long 
before he was beginning to look so 
thin and miserable that he was quite 
a sad sight. 
Then one day he ventured out into 
the square, his heart beat "pit-a-pat" 
but there was no Chinchilla" at the 
table by the window—no sign of 
her at all. 
"Ah, me!" sighed Ginger, and his 
whiskers twitched. Suddenly he heard 
a noise that stirred him to the 
depths. At that moment Chinchilla 
came racing down the square, 
screaming with fear. Behind her ran 
a dog. He was almost upon her, and 
Chinchilla was out of breath, and 
her orange eyes were staring 
wildly. In a moment Ginger rushed 
BREAD is the most important single 
item in the diet for most people, and 
bread as we know it today is made up 
of a number of ingredients. Flour is 
the most important of these and flour 
is Wade from all the grains that we 
know. In some parts of the world, and 
especially in the northern parts of 
Russia and in the Scandinavian coun-
tries, rye, barley, and oats are used for 
bread a great deal. Flour made from 
wheat, rice, barley, corn, and juar, are 
commonly used in India and in many 
other parts of the world, soya beans 
lima beans, some pulses and some 
seeds are also ground into flour and 
used. These •different flours are made 
into appetizing breads by the thrifty 
housewife who knows how to supply her 
family with good food. 
Besides flour, liquid must be used. It 
may be water, milk, or vegetable juice 
--chiefly potato water. One measure of 
liquid is required to three measures of 
flour. 
Sweetening is also added such as 
honey, brown sugar or refined sugar—
one tablespoonful to a cupful of liquid, 
unless a sweeter bread is desired. 
Salt is also necessary. One teaspoon-
ful to a cupful of liquid or less, accord-
ing to taste. 
Shortening in the form of oil, ghee, 
or butter—one tablespoonful to a cupful 
of liquid is the usual amount but more 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MiT, 1949 
toward them and sprang upon the 
angry dog, digging in his claws as 
hard as he could until the dog 
howled with pain. Then both of 
them rolled over and over on the 
ground. 
Meanwhile Chinchilla had es-• 
caped. Her mistress on hearing the 
noise, had run to the window, and 
watched what had happened. She ran 
out into the street with a broom, 
just as the big dog went off the other 
way, limping. 
Then she took poor Ginger in-
doors. He looked limp and lifeless 
but at the sight cf Chinchilla he was 
well in a moment. "How can I thank 
you?" Chinchilla purred, softly. 
"Don't mention it," said Ginger, 
"it was the least I could do." So 
Ginger and Chinchilla lived together 
in the beautiful big house in the 
square. 
may be used to make a richer bread. 
Yeast must be used, for the lightness 
of the bread chiefly depends upon the 
yeast. Yeast may be made at home but 
there are,' many brands of dry yeast 
sold in India. When a tin of yeast is 
opened it should be kept in a dry, cool 
place or it will spoil. One tablespoonful 
of yeast dissolved in one cupful of 
lukewarm water, one tablespoonful of 
sugar and three cupfuls of flour with a 
teaspoonful of salt and a little short-
tening, makes one medium loaf of bread. 
Dry yeast gives the best results if used 
as a starter 
YEAST STARTER 
One heaped teaspoonful of dry yeast; 
2 medium-sized potatoes; 2 tablespoon-
fuls sugar; 1/2 teaspoonful salt. 
Wash the potatoes, cut in small pieces 
and boil in two cups of water until 
tender. Put these potatoes and liquid 
through a sieve. Add sugar and salt. 
When cool add the yeast and stir until 
it is dissolved. Keep in a warm place 
overnight. There should be about a cup 
and a half of this mixture. The next 
morning make bread as follows: 
BREAD 
One cupful of yeast starter; 1 cup-
ful warm water; 1 tablespoonful of 
sugar; 1 tablespoonful of ghee, melted 
butter or other fat; 1 teaspoonful salt; 
six cups of flour. 
Mix the above ingredients and knead 
well. Place in a warm bowl to rise. 
This mixture should never be allowed 
to get too hot or too cold. When the 
leavened lump of dough has risen to 
twice its size punch it down and let it 
rise again. When risen to twice its site 
again knead it well and mould into 
loaves. Place these in warm oiled pans 
or tins and let rise until double in 
bulk. Bake in a hot oven for 45 minutes 
to one hour. For variety, dates, nuts, 
or raisins may be added to the bread 
dough as it is kneaded before putting 
it into the baking pans to rise. More 
sugar and shortening may be added also 
if a sweeter or richer bread is wanted. 
Milk may be used instead of part of the 
liquid and rolled oats may be used for 
part of the flour. The main thing to 
remember about bread is to keep the 
dough at an even temperature while 
rising, never letting it get too cold or 
too hot • for in either case it will be 
spoilt. 
RECIPES 
BREAD-THE STAFF OF LIFE 
CINNAMON WHIRLIGIG 
Use recipe for bread and let dough 
rise once. Take it out of the bowl and 
roll it out half an inch thick with a 
rolling pin on a floured board. Sprinkle 
this with a little melted butter, sugar, 
and ground cinnamon. Roll up the dough 
like a jelly roll. Place in a greased pan 
and cover. Let rise until double in bulk. 
Bake in a hot oven for 35 or 45 minutes. 
CINNAMON BUNS 
Use the above recipe and proceed the 
same way, but when sprinkling with 
the butter, cinnamon and sugar, also 
sprinkle with nuts and raisins. Roll up 
like a jelly roll and cut in 1% inch 
slices. Place these in a well-greased tin 
just a little apart. (Place the cut side 
up.) Let rise until double in bulk and 
before baking pour over the, rolls a 
caramel syrup made by bringing to a 
boil 1/2 cup of brown sugar, 1 table-
spoonful of butter and 1/4 cup of water. 
Bake the rolls in a moderate oven for 
35 minutes. 
PLAIN CHAPPATIES 
Half a pound of ata; a pinch of salt; 
1 tablespoonful of ghee or butter, and 
enough cold water to make a soft dough. 
Mix these ingredients; cover and let 
stand one hour or more. Knead well. 
Make into balls and roll these out to 
the size of a tea plate. Bake on a griddle 
and serve with your favourite curry or 
sauce. 
YEAST MADE FROM HOPS 
Two large potatoes; I/2 oz. hops; 
1 cup white flour; 4 cups water; �
cup 
white sugar; 14 teaspoonfuls salt. 
Tie the hops in a cotton cloth and 
boil for one hour in the water. Squeeze 
the liquid from the bag of hops and 
remove it from the water. Add this 
liquid to the sifted flour and the sugar 
and salt, stirring it to a smooth batter. 
Place this in an open glass jar covered 
with only a piece of cloth. Keep in a 
warm place for three days. On the 
third day slice and boil the potatoes; 
sieve them and add to the flour batter, 
mixing well. Allow this to stand for 
twelve hours in a moderately warm 
place, stirring occasionally. Stir well 
before using. Use half a cupful of this 
yeast to a loaf of bread, adding water 
or milk to make a cup of liquid. If 
kept in a refrigerator or cool place it 
will keep a long time. It must be 
warmed before using. 
23 
/riff TO 
eortrr erriepf* 
I'm used to heavy loads, in fact 
I've been brought up to them. But 
there is a limit, if you 'don't mind 
my saying so, and after that it be-
comes too much even for me. 
The limit in question is the tonnage 
of your vehicle. It's all very well to 
think of the springs, but in the end, 
I have to do the final springing and 
carry the full load. So if you have a 
4 ton truck, please don't put 4i tons 
on it. 
Because I'm warning you, it may 
be the last straw 
which will make 
me collapse. 
I 
DON'T 
oveNto4D 
• 
INSECT AND FLOWER 
PARTNERSHIPS 
(Continued from page 21) 
wise resembles the mother. It is 
smaller, more active, slender, and 
possesses wings. To add another 
touch of mystery, males and females 
appear! Then the cycle begins ao-ain • 
One stands in amazement in con• 
templating this complex pattern of 
life governed solely by instinct. Who 
else but the Creatcr could have 
brought such a thing to pass? How 
absurd to believe that circumstance, 
• environment, or trial, and error by 
an insect void of th‘power of reason 
could produce such an amazing pat-
tern of life! 
BOOK REVIEWS 
Mahatma Gandhi, by H. S. L. 
Polak, H. N. Brailsford, and Lord 
Pethick-Lawrence—Oldham's Press. 
The Home Library Club, Times of 
India, Bombay (Rs. 10-8-0). 
Tins book written in three sec-
tions, by three outstanding men who 
were intimately associated in one 
way or ancther with Gandhiji and 
at various periods of his career, is a 
mixture of biography. history, and 
criticism. Each one of the authors 
writes from his own point of view 
and on a chosen part cf the sub-
ject's life. 
The first• section of the book by 
Mr. H. S. L. Polak is the story of 
struggle and triumph in Africa. This 
story has been told by others( but 
lie who heie reads it for the first 
time can but be impressed with the 
outstanding ability of a ycung law-
yer too shy to practise his pro essien 
in India, but who. having been sent 
to Africa on professiondl business 
while still not much more than a 
boy, became involved in the fight 
fcr the liberation of his kinsmen 
from oppression in that country. 
Reading this section of the book 
leaves one with the feeling that this 
struggle was not only a revelation 
of the man's unusual character and 
ability, but a period of training and 
development cf power for the fight 
in India. 
The second section by H. N. 
Brailsford, entitled "The Middle 
Years," is a still clearer revelation 
of Gandhi's character in an account 
of the early struggle for freedom in 
India. Here we have descriptions of 
Indian economic and social fartcrs 
not ordinarily dealt with in Gan-
dhian biography, and the reader is 
made to feel that he is not here so 
much reviewing that which he has 
already known, as that he is learn-
ing something new and different. 
The author cleverly interweaves his 
comments on character in this re-
cital of mcmentous events in Ind'a's 
history. In this and in some other 
respects this section is probably the 
most enlightening of the three, and 
here a unique personality is made 
known to an unusual degree. At 
times the reader is stirred to feel-
ings of indignation, and at others 
to sympathy, pity, and admiration. 
The third section by Lord Pethick-
Lawrence describes the last ten years 
of the struggle in India, We suspect 
that the general reader, not so keenly 
concerned with an analysis of the 
THE ORIENTAL WATIMAN, MAY, 1949 
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25 
political implications of the strug-
gle, may find this secticn somewhat 
less interesting and heavier reading 
than the other two. But for those 
who are interested in the part that 
India played in the world war, and 
in the following and immediate 
events that led to the achievement of 
the goal in the long struggle, this 
account will be especially enlighten-
ing and valuable. Impressive is the 
array of material presented to indi-
cate how Gandhi was implicated in 
almost everything that moved in the 
direction of victory during those 
years. 
The introduction to the book by 
Mrs. Sarojini Naidu is a wcrk of 
art. 
All India Medical Directory and 
Whc's Who, by the Board of Health 
Bookstall-7/8 Krishnan Koil Street, 
Madras (Rs. 20-0-0). 
THIS is the first edition of the 
first directory of this kind to be pub-
lished in India. Compiled in a single 
volume of about 600 pages is a vast 
amount of information cn the medi-
cal situation in general • in India, 
brief descriptions of medical schools, 
hospitals, and special institutions. 
There is a section on the latest ad-
vances in treatments and a list of 
the latest proprietary medicines. The 
greater porticn of the volume, as 
is to be expected of a work of this 
kind consists of a directory of physi-
cians, dentists, chemists, and phar-
maceutists. This directory is com-
piled on the basis of provinces and 
districts, which enables the user the 
more easily to lccate the information 
desired. 
and had two courses of X-ray after an 
interval of six week-. After the appli-
cation of the second' course a wound. 
appeared from which yellow water dis-
charges. I would be greatly obliged to 
have your opinion and advice regarding 
the best cour-e of treatment in this 
case, and whether or not you consider 
radium treatment would be successful." 
Ans.—There would be no advantage 
to your Fatient in - having radium 
treatment providing the X-ray treat-
metits were deep X-ray therapy and 
were administered in sufficient dosage. 
Radium and X-ray treatments have 
similar actions and similar effects as 
far as cancer is concerned. Without 
seeing the patient it would be ill-ad-
visable for me to attempt an opinion 
one way or the other as to whether 
this cancer of the breast has progressed 
to the incurable stage or not. Lsuaify 
after a cancer has been present two 
years and has ulcerated the skin it is 
incurable, but this is not always true. 
I should advise that you and your 
patient follow the adVice of the men 
at the medical school or if you wi-li 
added counsel you might consult the 
spec alists at the Tata Memorial Hos-
pital in Bombay, which is the outstand-
ing cancer centre in this country. The 
warning signs of cancer are: 1. A pain-
less lump which does not disappear in 
two to three week. Any such lump in 
a woman's breast should be cause for 
having a earcful examination by a 
competent doctor. 2. A persistent blood-
stained discharge from any of the body 
orifices, or a prolongation or chang% of 
character in a normal discharge. ‘ 3. 
Change in bowel habit which la-ts 
more than two weeks is often a sign of 
cancer of the colon of rectum. 4. Persist-
ent dy-pepsia coming on suddenly 
where there has been no digestive dis-
turbance previously. All of these signs 
may he caused by some less serious 
condition, but if you or any of your 
friends observe these signs in your-
selves, consult a competent physician 
for a careful examination at once. 
Cancer is curable in its early stages by 
the proper use of surgery, radium, and 
X-ray. 
PSORIASIS AND RINGWORM: Ques. 
—"Please let me know of a treatment 
for psoriasis and also for ringworm. 
What medicine should be applied ?" 
Ans.—Psor.a-is is a capricious skin 
disease of unknown cause whose only 
harm:ul effect is to worry the patient. 
The lesions may appear almost any-
where, but they seem to prefer the 
elbows and knees and very rarely do 
they appear on the face. The treatments 
that have been tried are legion. For 
the disease seems to appear and dis-
appear of its own volition regardless 
of what remedy is being/ u-ed or not 
being used at the time. Aiost physicians 
-THE DOCTOR SAYS 
1. This question and answer service is free 
only tp regular subscriber,. 
No attempt will be made to treat disease 
or to take me peace of a regular phiskian 
in caring for individual cases. 
3. All questions must ha addressed to The 
Doctor Says. Correspondence personally with 
the doctor is not available through this service. 
4. Questions to which personal answers are 
desired must be accompanied by addressed a*1 
stamped envelopes. Answers cannot be expected 
under one month. 
5. Make questions short and to the point. 
Type them or write them very clearly. 
b. Questions and answers will be published 
only if they are of such a nature as to be of 
general interest and without objection, bat no 
names will be published. Address "1 he Doctor 
Says," Oriental Watchman and herald of 
Health, P. 0. Box 35, Poona 1. 
CANCER OF THE BREAST: Quzs.—
"A cancer patient of mine has a slow-
growing cancer in the upper part Of 
the left breast. The cancer am eared 
about two years ago. It is painless but 
is now the size of a large potato. An 
operation was arranged but could not 
be done due to a sudden fall of the 
patient's blood pressure at the time of 
the operation. She then had deep 
X-ray treatment in the medical college 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
NE C.AltNiAl WATCHMAN 
ii
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Vol. 26, No. 5 �
POONA �
May 1949 
Published Monthly by 
The Oriental Watchman Publishing House 
Poona — Bangalore — Colombo — Calcutta — 
Delhi — Bombay — Karachi — Rangoon 
E. M. Meleen, Editor 
J. B. OliCer, M.D., Associate Editor 
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Published and printed by L. C. Shepard, at 
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NOTICE 
SUBSCRIBERS in Ceylon 
please note that "HEALTH" 
subscriptions or correspond-
ence pertaining to the same 
may be sent to the Oriental 
Watchman Publishing House 
(Ceylon Branch), P. 0. Box 
905, Colombo. 
recommend the following Meastires: 
1. A diet low in fat—no ghee, oils or 
fried foods (milk should be skimmed 
milk or buttermilk.) The diet should be 
varied and high in vitamins. 2. Often 
some polyvitamin preparation or cap-
sule is given which adds more vitamins 
A. B. C. 1). and G. to the dietary in-
take. 3. Some ointment or lotion 
designed to aid in loosening and remov-
ing the scales from the lesions. You 
should consult your physician about the 
particular preparation which you should 
use. The condition commonly called 
ringworm is really a fungus infection. 
Commonly it occurs between the toes, 
in the groin and sometimes elsewhere 
on the body. There are many propriet-
ary preparations on the market for the 
home treatment of this condition. 
Whitfields ointment and Mycozol are 
two good ones. If the infection does not 
yield to either of these it is well to see 
your doctor for some fungus infections 
are very persistent and also some 
things which look like ringworm may 
be something else entirely. 
NECK CYST; STIFF NECK; 
MALARIA; D.D.T: Ques.—"(1) I have 
a tumour in the front of my neck just 
above the thyroid region. I have con-
sulted a throat specialist who says that 
it is a harmless cyst and need not be 
removed. What is a cyst and can it be 
removed under local anresthetic? (2) 
For the past two or three months I have 
suffered from stiffness of the neck 
muscles. The pain is more severe in the 
morning and nearly disappears by the 
evening. The pain is felt in the back 
and sides of the neck and is sometimes 
so severe that I am unable to bear the 
weight of the head and cannot look in 
a particular direction for more than a 
few minutes. Will you kindly let me 
know what causes this pain and whether 
or not it has any connection with 
malaria? I feel some relief when I take 
paludrine. (3) Can paludrine prevent as 
well as cure malaria? About three 
months ago I had a slight attack of 
malaria and since then I have taken 
paludrine occasionally. As soon as I 
stop taking it I get pain in the joints 
with heaviness in the head. Is this due 
to the effect of malaria? (4) Kindly 
let me know how D.D.T. solution can 
be prepared at home." 
Ana—(1) A cyst is a thin-wailed 
sac usually containing fluid or some 
soft substance such as mucus or sebace-
ous material. A cyst on the front of the 
neck may be a thyro-glossal duct cyst 
or it may be a bronchial cleft cyst or 
another rarer type of cyst. These are 
harmless as far as one's health goes 
but if they are large or annoy one in 
soiree other way they can be removed 
successfully by surgery. Most surgeons 
prefer to operate upon these growths 
under general anaesthesia but it may 
be possible to remove yours under 
local. You Should ask your surgeon. 
(2) It is possible that the stiffness of 
the neck muscles is due to your malaria. 
However, it is more likely that it is 
due to some unrelated condition. Often 
heat treatments or diathermy greatly 
relieve a stiff neck. (3) One tablet of, 
paludrine taken twice weakly is said 
to completely prevent the occurrence of 
symptoms of malaria, but when one 
stops taking the drug the symptoms 
appear. One should take a curative 
course of paludrine (one tablet three 
times daily for ten days, followed by 
one tablet daily for one month, total 
60) to get completely rid of the infec-
tion. After recovering from malaria one 
must take care to avoid being bitten by 
mosquitoes or he will be reinfected. (4) 
A five per cent solution of D.D.T. may 
be mixed at home by adding one ounce 
of commercial crystals (purity usually 
about 90 per cent), two ounces of 
benzene and eighteen ounces,, of kero-
sene. This makes a useful solution for 
spraying or brushing on surfaces on 
which one wishes to retaintan insecti-
cidal activity. One pint of such five per 
cent solution -is the right amount for 
treating 140 square feet of surface so 
as to leave a residue of 200 Trigs. of 
D.D.T. per square foot. NOTE: This 
mixture is inflammable and D.D.T. is 
poisonous to man when taken in food 
or when solutions such as this are in 
contact with the skin for prolonged 
periods. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
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amateur), there are no more suitable 
tine cameras than the famous Paillard 
Models H8 or I-I 6. These models have 
almost all the virtues and versatilities 
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PALPITATION OF THE HEART: 
Ques.—"I am an old man of sixty-eight 
years with robust health and a youth-
ful appearance. I take morning and 
evening walks, and exercise by running 
in the morning regularly. About two 
weeks ago I began to hear the beat of 
my heart, which I took to be palpita-
tion. I was examined by some com-
petent doctors who have assured me 
that my heart is normal but I fear that 
this audible heart beat is not quite a 
normal thing. I solicit your opinion and 
remedy for this." 
Ans.—Anyone who is sixty-eight years 
of age and is still capable of running 
daily is to be congratulated. Your 
doctors have examined you and if they 
say your heart is normal you may be 
assured that it is, for the heart is an 
important organ and doctors do not 
lightly advise a patient that his heart 
is normal unless they are quite sure 
about it. 
9 
CHLOROPHYLL: Ques.—"I war, in-
terested in your article on chlorophyll 
published in the December issue of 
'HEALTH,' and particularly in its use 
for head colds. My son has a more or 
less permanent cold in his head and 
when it gets worse, which it frequently 
does, it leads to bronchitis and asthma. 
We have recently had some good re-
sults from penicillin lotion used as nose 
drops, but I would also like to know 
if there is any chlorophyll preparation 
on the market that could be used for 
the purpose." 
Ans.—To the best of our knowledge 
chlorophyll preparations have not ap-
peared on the market as yet. I would 
advise you to continue your present 
treatment. 
9 
EPILEPSY: Ques.—"A friend of 
mine has suffered from a bad affliction 
for the past ten years. Every two or 
three months he falls down, his hands 
and legs tremble, he foams at the 
mouth and he is unconscious for ten or 
fifteen minutes. Can you give the reason 
for this complaint and suggest any 
medicine?" 
Ans.—From your excellent description 
it is quite apparent that your friend 
is suffering from some form of epilepsy. 
The cause of the disease is not known 
hut there are some excellent drugs on 
the market which aid greatly in control-
ling the manifestations of the disease. 
They should be taken only under the 
personal direction of a physician. Your 
friend should solicit a competent phy-
sician and follow his instructions care-
fully. 
ABDOMINAL PAIN: Ques.—"I have 
been suffering from abdominal pain in 
the left side of the lower part of my 
abdomen for two months. The pain 
generally comes on when my body be-
comes over-heated. My bowels move 
regularly but not satisactorily. Kindly 
prescribe the medicine I should take to 
relieve this condition." 
Ans.—There are a number of condi- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
tions which may cause discomfort on 
the left side of the lower abdomen. The 
most common is some sort of intestinal 
parasites—amoeba or worms. Pain of 
two months' duration should be in-
vestigated by a competent physician. 
It is usually a waste of money and 
time to try first one thing and then 
another without first having a careful 
physical examination done, followed, if 
necessary, by a laboratory investigation 
to determine the cause. 
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SUPPLEMENT �
1949 
WILL RUSSIA ABSORB ALL EUROPE? 
J. L. SHULER 
T
HERE are three particular items 
in our world of 1949 concern-
ing which most 'people would like 
to know the outcome. These are: 
The matter of Russian aggression in 
Europe and Asia, the struggle be-
tween the United States and Russia 
over a way of life, or Dernocracy 
Versus Communism, and the impli-
cations of atomic power upon the 
destiny of mankind. 
We need to know what is coming 
in order to be ready. If a man 
pounded on your door at midnight 
and shouted, "Fire! Fire!" would 
you not act at once? Most as-
suredly. You would think of your 
loved ones, your home, your valu-
ables, and try to save them. It is 
infinitely more important ,for you to 
know what is coming than it would 
be to know if your house were on 
fire. 
The world was surprised in 1914 
by World War 1. Pearl Harbour was 
a fatal surprise to many in World 
War II. World War III may kill 
millions in their beds, never awak-
ing to learn what hit them. 
No man of himself knows what is 
Coming. But there is a God in 
heaVen who does know. He knows 
the end from the very beginning, 
arid from ancient times the things 
which are not yet done. And. it has 
pleased that great God of heaven 
who knows the future, to reveal in 
the Bible some of the events of the 
future which we need to know. It is 
to some of these items that we di-
rect your attention. 
In Daniel 2:31.35 we find that 
God used a gigantic statue of a 
man, composed of different metal 
segments, to portray the future his-
tory of nations from the time of 
Nebuchadnezzar. king of ancient 
Babylon, to the time when the King 
of kings will appear from heaven 
to take over the world for His own 
eternal kingdom. 
This man's head was of fine gold, 
his breast and arms of silver, his 
THE_ ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY. 1949 
thighs of brass, his legs of iron his 
feet part of iron and part of clay. 
Finally a stone cut from a mountain 
smote this statue upon the feet and 
dashed it to pieces. The wind from 
that concussion blew the fragments 
into oblivion. Then the stone ex-
panded and expanded until it filled 
the entire world. 
These four metals—the gold, the 
silver, the brass, and the iron—
represented the four successive world 
monarchies of Babylon, Medo-Persia, 
Grecia, and Rome. 
In Daniel 2:41, the prophecy de-
clares that the fourth kingdom, or 
Rome, would be divided, as pre-
figured by the mixture of iron and 
clay in the feet and toes. 
Less than one hundred years after 
the fall of the Western Roman Em-
'pire, the ten barbarian hordes that 
over-ran Rome became the nucleus 
of the modern nations of Europe. 
The Anglo-Saxons settled in Eng-
land, the Franks in France, the 
'Alemanni in Germany, the Burgun-
dians in Switzerland, the Visigoths 
in Spain, the Suevi in Portugal, and 
the Lombards in Italy. Three others, 
the Heruli, Vandals, and the Ostro-
goths were later uprooted. Seven of 
these nations are still found on the 
map of Europe. The prophet has 
brought us down to modern Europe 
in 1949. 
The prophecy explains that these 
divided nations of England, France, 
Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Por-
tugal, and Italy can never be welded 
together into a world empire, as they 
once were under the Caesars of 
Rome. In Daniel 2:43 we read, 
"Whereas thou sawest the iron mixed 
with miry clay, they shall mingle 
themselvet with the seed of men; but 
they [referring to these divided na-
tions of Western Europe shall not 
cleave one to another, �
n as iron 
is not mixed with clay." 
'Everybody knows that you cannot 
weld iron and clay together. Iron 
will not cohere with clay. These na- 
tions of Western Europe cannot be 
welded into one world empire as • 
they were back in the days of the 
Caesars when Rome ruled, the world. 
As the shadow of the Soviet begins 
to fall across Europe and the Near 
East, people are wondering, Can 
Russia unite and control all of Eu-
rope? Can she rule the world? Can 
Stalin succeed where Hitler failed? 
These seven .words of God. "They 
shall not cleave one to another." set-
tle these questions for all time. On 
the basis of these seven words of 
Holy Writ, we can say that even if 
Russia grows to be ten times as 
strong as she is now, she will never 
be able to absorb and permanently 
hold all Europe under .her sway. 
These seven words are God's answer 
to Russian aggression. 
In the final' act of this represen-
tation of the future. a stone smote 
the metal than on his feet. dashed 
him to pieces, the wind blew the 
fragments into oblivion, and the 
stone became a great mountain and 
filled the entire world. What does 
this mean? In Daniel 2:44 the 
prophet explains that this typifies 
the destruction of the sin-saturated 
systems of man which, being cleared 
away, pave the way for the divine 
reconstruction of a new world. It 
will be a new order of things. after 
God's own plan prepared for those 
who choose to obey Him. 
It is significant that the end is 
pictured as the composite metal man 
being blown to pieces. Some may 
wonder if this means that the world 
will be blown to pieces by the 
atomic bomb. 
It seems that the atomic bomb has 
done more to convince people that 
the end of the world • is near than 
anything which has -ever happened. 
It is deeply signifiant that scientists 
who worked on the bomb see a di-
rect connection between atomic fis-
sion and the'end of the world. 
What is the significance of this 
atomic age? What should the bomb 
1 
mean to you and to me? In the first 
place it means that the return of the 
Lord has become an urgent neces-
sity. He must come to save the 
earth from destruction. It is not only 
a "blessed hope," but it is the only 
way out. The only salvation from 
the annihilation of civilization is 
that provided through Jesus Christ 
and His return. 
The atomic bomb says, "Prepare 
to meet thy God. It is high time to 
make your peace with God. There 
is no time to lose." 
While man may soon bring him-
self to the verge of self-annihilation, 
he will not be permitted to commit 
race suicide. God will intervene and 
the last judgment will come from 
heaven. Even now the atomic bomb 
thunders in our ears God's last call 
to man: "Fear God, and give glory 
to Him; for the hour of His judg-
ment is come: and worship Him that 
made heaven, and earth." Revelation 
14:7. The judgment hour is now 
here. 
Some will ask, "Will the atomic 
bomb make the earth desolate?" We 
do not know how many cities will 
be laid low by such bombs, but we 
do know that God will never permit 
the atomic bomb or any other 
weapon of man to be used so pro-
miscuously as to obliterate man 
from the .earth. Jesus will intervene 
to "destroy them which destroy the 
earth." 
This earth is not destined to be-
come a dead planet like the moon. 
On the contrary, this earth is des-
tined to be purified of sin and sin-
ners; and then transformed into a 
new, perfect, sinless world where the 
righteous only will dwell for eveT. 
That is how and when world peace 
an security will be permanently 
estallished. 
Everything that man has devised 
for bringing lasting peace has been 
found wanting. What we need is a 
peace conference with the Prince of 
Peace as conference Chairman. Soon 
He will come and will take the gov-
ernment upon His shoulders and 
then peace will reign from pole to 
pole for evermore. (Isaiah 9:6, 7.) 
Because of conflicting ideologies, 
the United States and Russia are 
locked in a great political struggle 
for world influence. They are like 
two boys with fists clenched, waiting 
for the other to start something. 
Then the question arises, Who will 
win the struggle for the world? The 
U. S. A? The U. S. S. R? The 
prophecy of Daniel 2 shows that 
the struggle for the world will be 
won by Jesus, the coming King. His 
kingdom will destroy all earthly 
kingdoms, as the stone demolished 
the composite metal man, and will 
fill the entire earth. One government 
will rule the world and twelve united 
nations will form together "one 
world." (Matthew 19:28; Revelation 
21:12, 24.) God's government will 
restore all that is good and right 
and fair and beautiful. 
On the authority of this blessed 
Word, I can tell you that the final 
outcome of this world situation will 
be the return of the Lord Jesus 
Christ to this earth to reconstruct 
this world into a new, perfect world 
where there will be no more sorrow, 
no more sickness, no more trouble, 
no more wars, and no more death. 
In Revelation 21:1 the prophet says: 
"I saw a new heaven and a new 
earth, for the first heaven and the 
first earth were passed away." In 
verse four he declares that "God 
shall wipe away all tears from their 
eyes; and there shall be no more 
death, neither sorrow, nor crying, 
neither shall there be any more 
pain." 
STRANGE mark flashed across 
the fluorescent screens of the 
radar units located on top of the 
high towers at Richmond Hill. thir-
teen miles north of the city limits 
and about five hundred feet above 
down-town Toronto. The time was 
12:15 p.m. At 12:16, CBL get half-
way through its special news broad-
cast and went off the air. The opera-
tors at the Hill stations knew then 
what had happened. They came out 
with binoculars on the observation 
platforms and looked directly south. 
The great, white pillar of smoke, 
with its familiar mushroom top, was 
still rising miles above the city. The 
long war of nerves had ended at 
last. Toronto had been struck a mor-
tal blow; artd Toronto was dying in 
the September sunshine. 
The bomb, carried by a rocket, ex-
ploded a quarter of a mile in the 
air with its awesome orange-and-
white flash. It happened almost di-
rectly over the intersection of Queen 
2 
and Yonge Streets, near the city 
hall. A T. C. A. plane. winging its 
way over the city toward Malton Air-
port, practically collided with the 
rocket missile. When the explosion 
occurred, the plane, the crew, and 
the passengers were burned to va-
pour and ash. 
The area around the centre of the 
explosion beggared description! 
From Toronto harbour north to 
Bloor street, and from east of Broad-
view Avenue to Sunnyside, the 
streets were filled with the charred, 
mutilated bodies of the dead and 
dying. 
Broken glass, with its sharp, 
jagged edges sticking up, ready to 
cut and tear into human flesh, was 
piled knee-deep in the streets. The 
whole city rocked and shivered un-
der the bast. The terrible wind pro-
duced by the shock-wave that came 
seconds after the flash, overturned 
every boat tied up at the docks. It 
capsized the majestic Cayuga just 
leaving the harbour for Niagara 
Falls with fifteen hundred happy, 
carefree sightseers on board. The 
passengers on the side toward the 
bomb were charred black; then the 
ship capsized and took all its oc-
cupants to the bottom of the bay. 
Perhaps the greatest loss of life in 
one small, confined area was at the 
Canadian National Exhibition where 
tens of thousands of youngsters were 
enjoying Children's Day at the Ex-
hibiticn. The spacious grounds and 
buildings. full of amusements and 
wonderful things to see, were trans-
formed in the twinkliUg of an eye to 
a desolate, burning burial ground. 
As for the business sections of the 
city, only the heavy-eement walls and 
twisted steel girders remained to 
show where shops and department 
stores had once stood. At the cen-
tre, absolutely nothing was left—
just an evil, burning scar. The noon-
hour rush, which teems out of of-
fices and stores into restaurants and 
hotels, was literally disintegrated. 
Everywhere there were fires raging 
unchecked and spreading rapidly to 
other parts of the city. Gas mains 
and, sewer pipes were broken, caus-
ing More fires and explosions and 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
ATOMIC FICTION 
SAMUEL CAMPBELL, B.A. 
EARTH'S LAST \WAR 
SUNDERA RAJ JAMES 
W
AR, despite its dreadful con-
sequences to man, is nct a 
new or an unusual incident in his 
experience. History can speak of in-
numerable wars of varying intensity 
and duration. Man has become ac-
customed to it by the reason of its 
frequent occurrence. He even con-
siders periodical wars an absolute 
necessity for the world's good. In 
some cases the war is even glorified. 
Such an attitude toward war on the 
part of man has given it a perma-
nent place in his experience. 
But what is new about war now is 
that at no time in history has there 
been put forth such determined and 
desperate effort to end it as is being 
done at the present time. The United 
Nations Organization's chief objec-
tive seems to be 'to avoid war as a 
means of settling disputes between 
nations. One chief reason for these 
noble attempts is that each succeed. 
3 
pouring -pollution into the streets. 
The scorched chassis of a street car 
was left/ dangling precariously from 
a projecting steel beam of the hot 
shell of a building. The centre of 
the city, for about two square miles, 
was reduced to rubble and ruin. The 
rest of the city was left in a state 
of hysteria and near insanity as 
relatives andavolunteer fire-fighters-
tried in vain to control the fires and 
rescue those who had been trapped 
under falling buildings and debris. 
Three hundred and fifty thousand 
were killed! Half as many again 
were seriously injured and listed 
among the radiation casualties. 
The more massive buildings, such 
as the Union Station. the Royal York 
Hotel, and the towering Bank of 
Commerce. were not completely de-
stroyed. Their interiors, however. 
were gutted by fires set by the flash, 
and all were made practically use-
less. On the bomb side. a ten-story 
section of the bank caved in on King 
Street. The only human beings left 
alive 'were the ones (working in the 
basements and tunnels that honey-
comb the area cf the railway station 
and post office. All three general hos- 
pitals were tragically wiped out. The 
University of Toronto was left in 
shambles of brick and plaster. 
The railway lines were cut at the 
union terminal; telegraph, tele-
phone, and radio were also off. It 
was about an hour later that help 
began to pour in from Hamilton and 
Oshawa. only to be hindered by 
roads blocked with debris and fires 
which burned continuously for a 
week. During that time, long lines 
of freight trains carried the injured 
and dying to hospitals as far away 
as Boston and New York. 
Owing to the fact that many of 
the corpses were highly radio-active 
and as a result presented an ever-
present menace to the survivors and 
rescue workers, engineers and medi-
cal men erected a series of crema-
torium stations on the outskirts of 
what was once the city. Crews of 
men, grotesquely garbed from head 
to foot in uniforms of asbestos and 
lead, transported these "lethal" dead 
bodies to be cremated en masse. The 
ashes were then sealed in lead-lined 
boxes containing weights, shipped by 
boat ten or fifteen miles out on Lake 
Ontario, and dumped overboard. 
And so Toronto, the second larg-
est -city in Canada, died--moaning, 
groaning, and in terrible agony! 
The atomic bomb, despite the cries 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949 
of "IT CAN'T HAPPEN HERE!" 
had done its devilish work. 
This forecast in fiction, of course, 
has been a figment of the imagina-
tion. If you re-read what is written 
so far, you will realiie that it is an 
attempt to project on the city of 
Toronto, or on your own city, what 
actually happened at Hiroshima and 
Nagasaki in Japan. But that was in 
1945—four yeats ago—abstract and 
remote. Today, leading atomic sci-
entists tell us that the bomb is now 
ten times more powerful than it was 
then. If an atomic war is waged, the 
bombs will not come in ones and 
twos as they fell on Japan. The sky 
will be blackened with them—thou-
sands of them—and obliteration will 
be swift and sure. Against this 
atomic bomb there is no effective 
defence! 
Since the history of the world be-
gan, great civilizations have risen 
and fallen, risen and fallen. Read 
about the Babylonians, the Egyp-
tians, the Romans, the Incas, and the 
Mayans. Will there be any future 
for this generation of fear and per-
plexity whose chief concern is war--
the preparation for war, payment for 
past wars, and solving the problems 
created by such wars? 
Since no other civilization before 
the present one ever possessed such 
a devastating weapon as the atomic 
bomb, it would not be illogical to 
think, as some great scientists have 
already intimated, that the present 
civilization, in the event of open. 
atomic hostilities, might cause its 
own complete and final disintegra-
tion. 
We. are living in those days fore-
cast in St. Matthew chapter twenty-
four, verses six to eight: "And ye 
shall hear of wars and rumours of 
wars: see that ye be not troubled: 
for all these things must come to 
pass, but the end is not yet. For na-
tion shall rise against nation, and 
kingdom against kingdom: and there 
shall be famines, and pestilences, 
and ea'rthquakes, in divers places. 
All these are the beginning of sor-
rows." 
After the first World War, fifteen 
million Chinese were starving and 
three million died. Russia's famine 
was the most appalling in the re-
corded history of man. The world-
wide influenza epidemic claimed the 
lives of 18,000,000. The effects of 
World War II are still staggering 
the imagination. In 1920 China's 
great earthquake snuffed out 200,000 
lives. 'In 1923, Japan's earthquake 
claimed another 150,000. Inside ten 
years, the world saw "wars and ru-
mours of wars," "famines and pes-
tilences, and earthquakes." 
Are we not living in those de-
structive days forecast by the 
prophet Joel: "Proclaim ye this 
among the Gentiles; Prepare war, 
wake up the mighty men, let all the 
men of war draw near; let them 
come up: beat your plowshares into 
swords, and your pruninghooks into 
spears: let the weak say; I am 
strong." Joel 3:9, 10. 
Admittedly the outlook for the 
world is dark. Nations are being 
swept into the 'vortex of war against 
their will. No one wants war, but 
there is nothing that man can do to 
prevent it. 
Our only hope lies in our per-
sonal salvation. Let us not procras-
tinate. Let us ever keep in mind the 
words of divine admonition that, 
"Today is the day of salvation." 
ing war has made more and more 
apparent the utter folly and futility 
of waging a war to settle interna-
tional disputes. Then the discovery 
of atomic energy and its fearful and 
grim contribution to war has some-
what quickened his efforts. Scientists 
who deal with this primordial uni-
versal energy and who realize its de-
structive potentialities frantically 
cry out: "There must not be another 
war!" 
 
That all the efforts of man to stop 
war and even the presence and pcs-
sible use of atom bombs in a con-
flict cannot stop war, is not a diffi-
cult doubt to cherish. While the 
world's politicians and statesmen 
grimly proceed with their war-stop 
efforts, yet in the minds of at least 
some of them must be the thought that 
their efforts are going to be a glorious 
failure. Such fears need not be un-
reasonable. To have such doubts and 
to give expression to them is not 
necessarily to be an enemy of peace. 
For it is obvious that so long as 
man's mind and heart condition re-
mains as it is at present, his desires 
so earthly and selfish, his tendency 
to take matters in his own hands in 
utter ignorance or disregard of di-
vine plans or methods, war is in-
evitable. And nothing, absolutely 
nothing—human peace efforts or the 
dread of weapons capable of total 
human destruction—will stop him 
from waging war. It is not his own 
personality condition that is totally 
responsible for war. Unseen and 
sinister agencies, over which he has 
no control, but which gain master-
ship over him and control him, un-
ceasingly incite man to violence sug-
gesting conditions and plausible 
reasons for such violence. 
Then is there to be no end to war? 
If there is, then when and where 
shall the last war be fought? Who 
will take part in it? Will this best 
war—because it is to he the last—
be a short war, a long war, a total 
war, or what? 
The Bible accurately chronicles 
humanity's origin and predicts its 
coarse. Man generally has not known 
this prophetic outline of world's his-
tory; but to one who knows it, world 
events march on one after another 
perfectly fitting into the blue-print 
as to both time and nature, and thus 
vindicating the Bible's claim as 
God's Book. And the Bible speaks 
with considerable particulars of the 
earth's last war, answering all the 
questions raised in the preceding 
paragraph. 
4 
In the last book of the Bible are 
these words: "The spirits of devils, 
working miracles.... go forth unto 
the kings of the earth and of the 
whole world, to gather them to the 
battle of that great day of God Al-
mighty.... And he gathered them to-
gether into a place called in the Ile-
brew tongue Armageddon." Reve-
lation 16:14, 16. 
In this passage is brought to view 
a battle. "The battle of that great 
day of God Almighty" it is called. 
The day of the second corning of 
Jesus Christ to this earth is spoken 
of here as the "great day of God Al-
mighty." This battle is to immedi-
ately precede the second coming of 
Jesus. Inasmuch as the latter event 
has not taken place yet, the battle 
in question is still in the future. 
The spirits of devils incite and in-
tensify this war. One reason for 
man's, sure failure to end war is that 
he does not take into consideration 
the existence of these wicked spirits 
and their ruthless working for man's 
woe and destruction. Man needs di- 
vine help to successfully deal with 
them. 
Who are the belligerents? "The 
kings of the earth and of the whole 
world." A total, global war, involv-
ing all the nations of men, is en-
visaged in these words. How the na-
tions will be aligned in that terrible 
conflict is not definitely revealed. 
The term "kings" is used in a larger 
sense to include all the heads of na-
tions of all types of government. 
Movements in and around Pales-
tine must be carefully watched in 
the future. This small but ancient 
country will be in the limelight in 
regard to final and closing events of 
earth's history. It has already begun 
to move on to the stage and compel 
universal attention. What is taking 
place there now is ominous. 
Here is another passage from the 
Bible on the last world war: "Pro-
claim ye this among the Gentiles; 
Prepare war, wake up the mighty 
men, let all the men of war draw 
near; let them come up: Beat your 
plowshares into swords, and your 
pruninghooks into spears: let the 
weak say, 1 am strong. Assemble 
yourselves, and come.... and gather 
yourselves together round about.... 
Multitudes, multitudes in the valley 
of decision: for the day of the Lord 
is near in the valley of decision." 
Joel 3:9-14. 
What a clarion call to man for the 
earth's last conflict! What a graphic 
picture of the gigantic and total 
preparations for a war of global di-
mensions! All the men of war. with 
all the weapons they have devised 
and can muster, clash in terrific fury 
and intensity. As we read this pas-
sage. don't we hear the tramp, tramp 
of millions of booted feet, the clicks 
and clangs of countless swords; and 
see stretched across as far as eye 
can see an ocean of helmeted 
heads, glimmering in the Palestinian 
heat as the sea underneath the rising 
sun? All march, march to wage 
man's last war. 
This war is to be fought immedi-
ately before the coming of Jesus. 
The events that shall take place at 
His coming point out that there shall 
he no victor or vanquished in this 
war. All will he destroyed alike by 
divine 
act 
amidst their death 
struggle. 
After the conclusion of this titanic 
struggle, those that survive "shall 
heat their swords into plowshares. 
and their spears into pruninghooks: 
natioi shall not lift up a sword 
against nation, neither shall they 
learn war any more. But they shall 
sit every man under his vine and un-
der his fig tree; and none shall make 
them afraid." Micah 4:3, 4. A dis-
armament in the true sense. No 
weapons of war shall be seen any-
where. No rifle ranges and parade 
grounds. No more war. No fear of 
any sort shall plague man. Peace, 
perfect peace, shall grace his ex-
perience. Is this not the condition 
that man earnestly desires and la-
bours to bring about in this world 
but fails, so utterly fails, to achieve? 
"He [God] maketh wars to cease 
unto the end of the earth." Psalm 
46:9. Yes, war shall cease to form 
a part of man's experience; but it 
will be by God's own act, and at His 
own appointed time, and in His own 
good way. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, MAY, 1949