Ileal lb Tract. No. 9, TWENTY-FIVE ARGUMENTS FOR TOBACCOUSING BRIEFLY ANSWERED. 1. Tobacco Steadies the Nerves. So does alcohol and a dozen other poisons. It does more; it unsteadies the nerves. Half the men who think they need tobacco to steady their nerves would probably never find out that they had nerves if they did not use the weed. Tobacco is a powerful excitant of the nerves, and hence apparently increases their tone for a short time ; but the unnatural excitement will invariably give place to a commensurate degree of depression, so soon as the poison has been eliminated from the system. While the drug appears to strengthen and steady the nerves, it is all the time making them weaker and more unsteady. If a person who uses tobacco wishes to ascertain its effect upon his nerves, let him abstain from it a few days, and the mischief it has wrought will be apparent. 2. Tobacco-Using Promotes Cheerfulness. Tobacco stupefies, intoxicates, narcotizes; if this is cheerfulness, then may we indorse the lines of the poetic lover of the article who sang, “ Sublime tobacco, which, from East to West, Cheers the tar’s labor and the Turkman's rest." Deprive the tobacco-chewer of his quid, or the smoker of his idolized pipe, and mark how soon his cheerfulness disappears. How suddenly he awakes to all the perplexities and irritations of life, like a person awaking from sleep! The drunkard feels happy while sipping his bowl of steaming sling; but how does he feu the next 2 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS morning after a ‘1 spree ” 1 A more wretched creature is scarcely imaginable. The tobacco-user does not find his real status so often, because he is drunk all the time, and thus mistakes his comfortable feeling for cheerfulness. A very low grade of enjoyment. 3. Tobacco Is a Valuable Medicine. We must not dispute this fact surely, for every work on materia m-edica ascribes to it as many as seventeen medicinal virtues. Pre-eminent it stands as a drug; but is this an evidence of its virtue as an article for general and constant consumption 1 An eminent physician says that the best medicines are the worst poisons. To say that a substance is a medicine is to declare it to be a poison entirely unsafe for constant use. A learned professor of the regular school declares that “ all medicines are poisons,” and other eminent physicians have expressed the same opinion. Whatever may be said of the propriety of employing tobacco as a medicine, nothing can apologize for its constant use. 4. Tobacco Aids Digestion. Hundreds of vietims of the tobacco habit think it impossible to digest a meal without the assistance of a pipe or a quid. Nor, indeed, is this a mere fancy. A stomach which has been for long years abused by constant poisoning becomes so enervated and debilitated that it cannot perform its function when deprived of its accustomed stimulus, until it has had time to recover its healthy tone and vigor. When first indulged, tobacco is a most effectual impediment to digestion. Every boy who ever attempted to use tobacco distinctly remembers how difficult it was for him even to keep his dinner in his stomach, to say nothing of digesting it, while a quid or a pipe was in his mouth. It is only after repeated abuse that the stomach ceases to remonstrate. FOR TOBACCO-USING. 3 5. Tobacoo-Using Prevents Obesity. It is not very strange that a man should grow poor on tobacco; and there is no question that in most cases a person can reduce his weight almost ad libitum by using the poison. It is exceedingly questionable, however, if such a remedy is not infinitely worse than the disease. There are any number of better remedies for excessive fatness which a person may employ without imperiling his own health and that of his children, as well as outraging every rule of decency and cleanliness. Abstemious diet, plenty of vigorous muscular exercise, with frequent bathing, are sovereign remedies for corpulency. 6. Tobacco Strengthens the Mind. This is the declaration of accountants who cannot add a column of figures correctly or fill out a blank receipt without having one side of the mouth stuffed with tobacco; of lawyers who are utterly unable to make a plea without the stimulus of two or three “ Havanasof clergymen, also, who do not dare to enter the pulpit to invite sinners to Christ or display the hideous deformities of sin, without first fortifying themselves by a vigorous mastication of “ fine cut ” or “ plug,” and perhaps stowing away in one side of the face a liberal quid to assist in impressing the listening audience with the charms of purity and the beauties of holiness. We will not dispute that in all these cases tobacco really does excite the mental functions to more than ordinary activity. But this is not a correct test of the influence of the drug upon the mind. The thing to be determined is whether a person unaccustomed to the use of tobacco gains mental strength and acumen by contracting the habit If this were the case, we ought to find tobacco-users, as a class, much more intellectual than abstainers. Will any person attempt to sustain such a claim 1 We think not, especially when it is 4 AXSWEI'.S TO AItGCJlENTS remembered that tobacco-using has been entirely forbidden to students in every school in France, on account of its damaging effect upon the mind. Tobacco will cause the mind to make violent, spasmodic efforts to accomplish any desired object; but the work which results is always more or less marred by its baneful influence. 7. Tobacco Preserves the Teeth. This is a very popular notion, and there may be a shade of truth in it, although some very respectable people think otkerwisa But only mark the kind of teeth which it preserves. Are the yellow, dirty, unsightly masticators of a tobacco-user ornamental? They might be in some barbarous country, but they are not here. It is also a fact that tobacco is sometimes the cause of the decay of the whole maxillary bone, thus causing the loss of many teeth. Other things besides tobacco are preservative. Corrosive sublimate is an excellent article to prevent organic decay, if a poison is preferred, if not, daily cleansing and due employment in mastication will be found to be not only neat and wholesome, but a most effectual method of preserving the teeth. 8. Tobacco Increases Muscular Strength. Every tobacco-user declares that he can accomplish more work with tobacco than without. In fact, it is usually the case that he cannot work at all without it. As remarked with reference to the influence of tobacco on mental strength, the inquiry should be, Can a man accomplish more work with tobacco than he could have done had he never acquired the habit? Science and experience answer, No. An eminent English physician of wide experience declares that he never met a person who was remarkable for physical strength that was a great tobacco-user. All tobacco-users are excluded from the famous boating clubs of Oxford and Cambridge, in England, as well as from FOR TOBACCO-USING. 5 similar clubs in this country, on account of the enervating influence of the poison upon the physical strength. In the training of athletes, tobacco is always forbidden. One of the most notable effects of tobacco is degeneracy of the muscular system. It has now come to be a demonstrated fact that stimulants do not increase muscular strength, although they may excite a temporary increase of activity. The only way in which tobacco can increase strength is by stimulation, since it furnishes no nutriment to the system. As stimulation does not produce this effect, it becomes an impossibility that tobacco should in any way augment the natural power of the muscles. 9. Tobacco Protects the System from the Influence of Malaria; Is a Good Disinfectant. Among other virtues attributed to tobacco, it is claimed that its use will prevent a person from “ taking the ague.” It is quite likely that the blood of a tobacco-user may be so foul that the poison which ordinarily gives rise to the ague would be unnoticed by the system iix the presence of a poison so much more dangerous; but we do not believe that ague is usually prevented by tobacco-using, even in this way. A talented writer in one of our most popular magazines stated that, during a residence of several years in the tropics, he observed that “ tobacco-users were the chosen victims of cholera and intermittent and yellow fevers.” In some fever districts, abstainers from tobacco were the only Europeans who escaped sickness. But is it not a good disinfectant to counteract the influence of foul odors 1 It is doubtless about as good for this purpose as assafetida or burnt leather; and it might be considered an excellent article for this use if there was any virtue in hiding one bad smell by a worse one. Two foul odors are worse than one, in our opinion, and so we place tobacco effluvia and smoke among the things to be disinfected rather than among disinfectants. 6 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS 10. Scientific Men Say that Tobaoco Is Accessory Pood. Some say so, and some of the most eminent physiologists say the contrary. But what is meant by accessory food ? A few physiologists say that, although tobacco is a rank poison, and furnishes not the slightest trace of nutriment to the system, yet in some mysterious way which no one pretends to be able to explain, it economizes ordinary food and so enables a man to subsist on a less amount of food without loss of weight than if he did not use tobacco. Of all the arguments in favor of tobacco-using, this presents the most formidable front, and so we will examine it somewhat carefully. The advocates of this theory claim that tobacco prevents the disintegration or change of the tissues of the body, and so lessens the demand for food. This claim is based on two observed facts :— 1. When using tobacco a man can decrease his usual amount of food without decreasing in weight. . 2. While a man is using tobacco, there are found in the excretions less of the products of disintegration than when tobacco is not used. As a complete refutation of this argument, we will call attention to three points :— 1. If tobacco does interrupt the natural changes which take place in the body, it is a most dangerous and harmful agent; for every physiologist knows perfectly that every animal or vital function is dependent upon these very changes. The reception of a sensation by any of the sensory nerves; the winking of an eye; the slightest muscular movement of any kind; even a thought, or the performance of an act, however slight, is necessarily attended with the destruction of a proportionate amount of living tissue. If this change is interfered with, to just that extent is a person rendered incapable of manifesting life. FOB TOBACCO-USING. 7 2. The facts cited furnish no evidence whatever that the change referred to is interrupted. Dr. Carpenter, of England, one of the most eminent of living physiologists, claims that tobacco does not prevent the breaking down of tissues, but only interferes with the elimination of the products of decomposition, so that they are retained in the body, and thus the weight is not diminished, although the supply of food may be decreased. This would appear to be the natural result of tobacco-using, for two reasons : first, tobacco is a worse poison than those which are formed in the body, and so would be first eliminated; Becond, tobacco diminishes the activity of some of the most important depurating organs, as the lungs and liver. 3. It can neither be shown that the use of tobacco prolongs life, nor that a person using it can perform more labor on a less amount of food than when not using it Hence we say that this much-vaunted argument is worthless sophistry, and furnishes no better support for tobacco-using than assumption and illogical reasoning from half-understood facts. 11. My Physician Advises the Use of Tobacco. Because the doctor says, “You ought to use it,” “ your temperament requires it,” and all that, many people feel themselves quite justified in continuing its use, notwithstanding the most conclusive evidences of its pernicious character. Ask the physican who advises such a course why he prescribes it, or what he knows of its beneficial qualities, and nine times out of ten you will find him utterly unable to furnish you with even a plausible theory of its therapeutic action. You will be almost certain, however, to find him a devoted patron of the weed, himself, and eagerly grasping at every appearance of argument to support him in a practice which his reason tells him is both debasing and pernicious. 8 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS 12. The System soon Becomes Accustomed to the Use of Tobacco. A certain class of philosophers argue that because man possesses the ability to adapt himself to an almost infinite variety of circumstances, as diversity of climate, varied avocations, and numerous kinds of food, all of these widely differing conditions are alike natural and healthful for him, no matter what may be the indications of his physical structure. The dev-otees pf tobacco have seized upon this same erroneous argument as an apology for their obnoxious habit. It is very true that, although the first encroachment of tobacco upon the system is met by the most stubborn resistance, oft-repeated attempts to use the poison finally result in a partial surrender upon the part of the system, and it settles into a sort of quiescent toleration of that to which it at first manifested the most unmistakable repugnance. If the mere toleration of tobacco makes it innocuous, opium, strychnine, arsenic, and corrosive sublimate, are all susceptible of the same transformation; for individuals have become so accustomed to the use of these poisons that they were able to take with appa'r-ent impunity a quantity sufficient to kill a dozen men unaccustomed to their influence. 18. Only the Excessive Use of Tobacco Is Injurious. “ Oh ! yes,” says the man who thinks that temperance consists in using all things, everything, in moderation, “ tobacco is of course poisonous and dangerous when used too freely, just as too much food may be injurious; but a little won’t hurt anybody, any more than will a proper amount of food.” This is very fine sophistry, but it is nothing more. A small quantity of tobacco, or any other poison, is not so bad as more, but it is poison, still, no matter if the quantity is infinitessimal We do not complain of the abuse of tobacco, as do most of those who have FOE TOBACCO-USING. 9 written against it, we condemn its use. The reason why tobacco is unfit to be employed as it is by millions of persons, is that it is a poison; yes, exclusively and irredeemably a deadly, narcotic poison. It is not the amount of tobacco that makes it injurious ; it is its intrinsic badness. 14. Poison in Everything. “ Pooh ! pooh !” says a wise tobacco-oater, “ what if there is poison in tobacco! that does n’t frighten me; there is poison in everything—poison in our food, poison in water, poison in the air ve breathe. In fact, we could not live if we did n’t eat some poison.” Even so absurd an argument as this is soberly urged by men to sustain their idol, tobacco. It is a fitting illustration of the benighting influence of the filthy weed, and the wretched ignorance of at least some of its votaries. Ask a reliable chemist how much poison there is in corn, wheat, or potatoes; ho will tell you none whatever, and wonder at the ignorance which could prompt such a question. Ask the most intelligent and learned physician in the land how much poison is required to preserve sound health, and he will instantly inform you that poison is quite unnecessary to the maintenance of life. 15. The Use of Tobaeco Increases with the Advance of Civilization. Alas! we must admit that this is quite too true. Intemperance, licentiousness, and several other vices we might mention, also increase as civilization advances. Shall we say, then, that they are necessarily innocent, and conducive to enjoyment, and the general good of society 1 It must be a perverted, shortsighted judgment that could reason thus. Who but a tobacco-user could frame so shallow an argument ] 16. All Nations Use It. So says an eminent writer, in arguing in behalf of tobacco, and we have no reason to dispute the fact. 10 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS Does this prove it to be a desirable commodity for universal and constant use 1 In answer, we need only inquire, Is custom the proper criterion of right! Other vices are universal, as well as tobacco-using. Are they harmless and innocent, in consequence 1 17. Tobacco-Using Prevents Intemperance. It is indeed surprising that such a claim as this should bo made when our most intelligent temperance workers are proclaiming the fact that tobacco is the great predisposing cause of intemperance, and that which drives back to the intoxicating cup so large a proportion of unfortunate individuals who attempt to reform. But even if tobacco did not lead to intemperance, it is bad enough in itself to preclude the idea of any advantage accruing from its substitution for drunkenness. It is even worse than whisky-drinking. Though it does not excite men to such a degree as alcohol, its influence upon the mind, as well as the body, is more damaging. Alcohol inebriates occasionally; tobacco keeps a man drunk continually. A tobacco-user is seldom entirely free from the influence of the drug, and is always intoxicated to just that degree that he is under its influence. This argument, then, is utterly worthless. 18. It Is the Poor Man’s only Luxury. Would-be philanthropists put in the plea for tobacco that it is the only luxury which poverty allows the poor laborer who toils for a daily pittance. With to-baccOj he feels contented with his lot. To him it is food, raiment, riches, and contentment, for it renders him oblivious to the lack of any and all of them. How cruel, then, to take from him such a boon ! Suppose all men were rendered thus stupid and insensible, incapable of aspiring to any condition higher, nobler, or better, than that in which circumstances or fortune placed them 1 How soon would ’complete FOR TOBACCO-USING. 11 stagnation ensue ! How soon 'vfould all progress cease ! and how quickly would the world relapse into the barbarism of the middle ages ! 19. Many Eminent Men Have Used Tobacco. “ Milton, Byron, Bums, Addison, Scott, Johnson, Lamb, Webster, and Adams, smoked, and yet they were eminent men; then how can the habit be so bad as is represented 1 ” is another favorite argument. All this argument proves, is that these men possessed such superior minds that they were enabled to attain eminence in spite of the devitalizing, enervating influence of tobacco. Again, what will the champion for tobacco-using on this ground say to the fact that even many of the noted individuals themselves believed and acknowledged that tobacco injured them ? Yet such is the case; and it is well known that Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams, Lamb, and others of the persons mentioned, entirely abandoned tobacco-using after becoming convinced of its harmful nature. Here are a few lines of Charles Lamb’s “ Farewell to Tobacco”:— “ Stinking’st of the stinking kind, Filth of th’ mouth, and fog of th’ miod Africa, that boasts her foison, Breeds no such prodigious poison.’’ 20. My Father Used Tobacco Sixty Years. “Theoretically, tobacco-using may be injurious; but, practically, it is not so very bad, for my father used it all his life, and died an old man. Was never sick a day in his life.” This is another subterfuge behind which a tobacco slave attempts to screen his filthy habit. But the attempt is vain, for the argument is without weight. If Mr. A. or Mr. B. lived a long life in spite of the damaging influence of tobacco, the conclusion 12 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS should be that Mr. A.*or Mr. B. had a good constitution; in other words, was “ tough.” Men have grown gray in the indulgence of the appetite for whisky; they have lived on to threescore years and ten while taking their daily allowance of opium; and that because they were “ tough.” But what sort of a man is a veteran tobacco-user 1 Is he sound, active, energetic 1 and does he appreciate the many good things and blessings of life 1 Are his senses all alive and awake to every pleasant sensation and emotion 1 Oh ! no; quite a different person is he. Do you say he was never sick a day in his life 1 he never was entirely sound after he took the first quid of tobacco, or the first cigar, into his mouth. All the time he has been growing sicker and more diseased, by degrees, until now we find him without a sound organ, or tissue, or fiber in his body. All are tainted, polluted, mutilated, by the vile Indian weed. He passes listlessly along, too stupid to care much either for the necessities of time or the possibilities of eternity. Tobacco is the one good thing he is capable of appreciating ; in this he revels—fascinated, infatuated, oblivious to every other enjoyment. How much alive is such a man 1 Is he not more than half dead while yet able to manifest a slight degree of animation 1 We think so; and, indeed, if the truth were always known, it is quite probable that it would be found that most of those persons who use tobacco to very advanced age are really as good as dead some years before actual interment occurs. A person whose father used tobacco sixty years is the last one who should attempt the habit; for his life will probably be short, at the best, on acount of the terrible inheritance of disease which is entailed upon him by his father’s indulgence. 21. Tobacco-Using Is Natural for Me. This is what some people say who affirm that they always loved tobacco, and never experienced any un- FOB TOBACCO-USING. 13 pleasant sensation in beginning its use. All that need be said of such persons is that they inherited the unnatural appetite from their tobacco-using parents, and were bom with their systems so saturated with the poison that they became thoroughly accustomed to it before ever attempting to use it themselves. 22. Tobacco Does n’t Injure Me. Oh ! no; tobacco is a deadly poison to everybody else; it makes other people insane; it clogs other people’s livers and shortens other men’s lives ; it causes cancer in some people’s mouths, and makes some folks blind; but it does n’t hurt you in the least! You are a solitary exception to all the rest of the human family—to all animated nature, in fact! Of course, then, you may use it as freely as you please, but all the rest must give it up. Seriously, my friend, you are deceived in thinking that tobacco does not hurt you. All the time it is insidiously accomplishing your destruction, by almost imperceptible degrees undermining your constitution. 23. I Would Bather Die a Few Years Sooner than Do without Tobacco. Are you sure that when you find yourself just at the end of life’s journey, and reflect that you have knowingly and voluntarily abbreviated it several years by the indulgence of a gross appetite—are you quite sure that you will not then long for a few more years of life even without tobacco 1 Is it not quite possible that life’s brittle thread might be broken by the additional weight of your unhealthy indulgence at just the moment when your prospects for usefulness or pleasure were greatest 1 Surely, in the light of such reflections you cannot but see that your resolution is most premature and unsatisfactory. 24. It’s Nobody’s Business how Much Tobaooo I Use. “ I suppose tobacco does hurt me, but it hurts no 14 ANSWERS TO ARGUMENTS FOR TOBACCO-USING. one else; and as I choose to use it, no one has any right to interfere with my comfort” Such is about the last attempt at justification which a conscience-smitten tobacco-user will make. It is certainly a most complete illustration of the supreme selfishness which the use of the drug engenders. A tobacco-user is an offender against himself, against his wife, children, and neighbors, and against God. Shall such a culprit say that it is no matter to any one but himself how much tobacco he uses 1 26.1 Cannot Stop Using Tobacco. When forced to acknowledge that the article is a rank poison, that its use is expensive, that it is wholly useless and only evil in its effects, the tobacco-user will not unfrequently exclaim, “ Alas ! 1 the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weakthe fetters of habit and the chains of appetite bind me so closely that escape is impossible. ” My friend, you have, indeed, a great task before you; but “ where there’s a will there’s a way ” is a proverb still true; and with a thoroughly determined resolution to reform, the battle is half won. Candidly consider the certain and direful consequences which the future holds out before you unless you reform, and then determine to escape for your life. Throw away the thing which has already worked such mischief for you, at once, and forever. Never dally with it a moment Do n’t rely on any substitute. You will feel as though you would certainly die, for a few days, perhaps; but never was your prospect of life better. Persevere, and success is certain. Emancipation, liberty, purity, and health, are the priceless boons which reformation vouchsafes to you. 4^ Fop Prices, see the annexed CATALOGUE. Address, HEALTH BEFOBMEB, Battle Creek, Mieh• THE HEALTH REFORMER. This is ft Monthly Journal of thirty-two pages, Especially Designed for the Household. It is devoted to Physical, Mental, and Moral Culture. Hygiene.—The laws of Hygiene in all the various departments of life Are fully elucidated and variously illustrated in each number of the Journal. 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All Known Remedies for Disease are Employed. Eyery Means fer restoring Health is constantly utilized—Light, Water, Air, Electrioity, Exeroise, Cheerfulness, Rest, Sleep, Proper Dress, Pure Food, and all other Sanitary and Hygienic Agents. Physicians.—The Medical Staff of the Institution comprises an adequate number of conscientious, watchful, and efficient physicians. Facilities and Special Advantages. In addition to the applianoes usually employed, the Hot-Air Bath (or modified Turkish Bath}, the renowned Electric, or Electro-Thermal Bath, the Lift Cure, and the famous Swedish Movement Cure, are in constant use. Dietary. While those pernicious drinks and condiments whioh are the potent agents in bringing thousands to untimely graves are discarded, the choicest varieties of Fruits, Grains, and Vegetables are provided in abundance. Every form of both ohronio and acute disease is treated with a degree of success impossible by any other method. 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