The Oriental Watchman and Herald of 
7-7113A1F.. 
to' 
7314ypplimsr, 
APRIL 
1953. 
 
1p-to-the-Minute Articles 
of Interest For 
Boys and Girls 
Everybody 
DARAPRIM 
A New Antimalaria Drug 
A
N ANTIMALARIA drug 
more powerful than any 
heretofore known has been 
reported by the U.S. Public Health 
Service. Several years of testing 
Daraprim as the drug is called by 
its manufacturers, preceded the 
reports to the American Society of 
Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 
at meetings in the autumn of 1952 
in Galveston, Texas. There is hope 
that Daraprim might completely 
eradicate one of the world's most 
prevalent diseases. 
Conservative scientists of the 
U. S. Public Health Service say 
that a person could, if he took 
Daraprim, go into a region heavily 
infested with malaria-carrying 
mosquitoes and not contract the 
disease, either while there or after 
leaving. Volunteers who w ere 
given the drug after being bitten 
by malaria-infested mosquitoes 
showed no symptoms of being 
stricken with the disease even a 
year after infection and treatment. 
The scientific name for Dara-
prim is pyrimethamine. The drug 
was made by Dr. George H. Hit-
chings in the course of a search for 
antagonists to nucleic acids. First 
announcement of it was made at a 
meeting of the American Chemical 
Society in April 1950. The drug 
then was given extensive tests on 
mice and birds by Dr. Ian M. 
Rollo in London, England. Later 
still, further tests were carried out 
in the United States by Drs. G. 
Robert Coatney, Albert V. Myatt, 
Thomas Hernandez, Geoffrey M. 
Jeffery, W. Clark Cooper, Joseph 
Greenberg and Helen L. Trem-
bley, all of the U. S. Public Health 
Service. 
Daraprim is some twelve times 
as powerful as chloroquine, stand-
ard antimalarial drug in wide use 
as a suppressant in recent years. In 
tests with volunteers, 25 milli-
grams of Daraprim weekly was as 
effective in suppressing malaria as 
300 milligrams weekly of chloro-
quine. Even the 25-milligram 
dose probably is larger than is 
needed to suppress malaria. Unlike 
chloroquine, Daraprim completely 
suppresses and cures malaria. Per-
sons taking chloroquine alone will 
contract the disease if they are 
attacked by the relapsing form 
after they have stopped taking the 
drug. Primaquine, another recent-
ly developed drug, will prevent the 
relapses, but Daraprim needs no 
supplementing drug. Primaquine 
is too toxic to be taken over a long 
period as a suppressant. 
Daraprim is odourless and taste-
less. It is prepared as a small white 
tablet which is easily swallowed. 
It is inexpensive, and since a small 
dose is so effective, its ultimate 
cost to the user can be kept very 
low. This factor is most important 
in areas where the prevalence of 
malaria has kept many wage earn-
ers from gainful employment. 
First tests with Daraprim were 
made on birds. Satisfied that the 
new drug did indeed have "un-
believable" potency as an antima-
larial, tests on human volunteers 
were begun. The latter tests were 
particularly severe as they were 
made against the Chesson strain of 
malaria. This strain heretofore has 
been one of the most difficult to 
control. 
The Public Health Service 
scientists also made tests to deter- 
mine whether the malaria parasite 
might develop resistance to Dara-
prim. This resistance was devel-
oped under hospital and laboratory 
conditions, the tests showed, and 
the resistance could be transmitted 
by mosquitoes. However, the cu-
rative dose was so close to the dose 
at which resistance could be 
induced that it was considered un-
likely that such a development 
would be a deterrent to use of the 
drug. 
As treatment for an acute attack 
of malaria, Daraprim is effective, 
but it takes longer to act than 
chloroquine. 
While tests were being made in 
the United States, English re-
searchers were testing the drug in 
Africa. These tests give hope that 
by treating the population of 
malarial areas through one or two 
rainy seasons, the disease can be 
eliminated. In one such test, in an 
isolated village, every person was 
treated at the time when most of 
the population would be infected 
with malaria. The human popula-
tion was cured in about two 
months and the mosquitoes, which 
ordinarily would have acquired 
infection, were kept malaria free. 
In a bag of 100 mosquitoes taken 
at a time when all should have 
been carrying malaria germs from 
the people they had bitten, not one 
mosquito was found with para-
sites in its body. 
The new drug also gives promise 
of usefulness for other diseases, 
and tests are being made. How-
ever, its most universal application 
now is against malaria. 
—Science News Letter. 
2 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
The Oriental Watchman and Herald of 
z Contents 
c 
44th YEAR OF PUBLICATION 
April 1953 
L. J. LARSON, M.A., B.Sc., Editor 
DUNBAR SMITH, 
M.D., D.N.B., D.T.M. �
(LOND.) 
ASSOCIATE EDITOR 
J. B. OLIVER, M.D. 
ASSOCIATE EDITOR 
FEATURE ARTICLES 
Minute 
Meditation/3 
WHERE SHALL I FIND 
SECURITY? 
D. A. Delafield 
,Published monthly by the Oriental Watchman 
Publishing House. One year subscription: India, 
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Road, Byculla, Bombay 8; for Bihar, Orissa, 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
Drama and a Blood Count 
Pain is a Blessing 
Ready to Quit? 
FOR MOTHERS 
Saving Premature Babies 
Care of the Baby 
FOR BOYS AND GIRLS 
Found—One Brown Puppy 
FOR STUDENTS 
Note-taking 
FOR EVERYBODY 
Daraprim—New Antirnalaria Drug 
Where Shall I Find Security? 
Low-Cost Houses for the Masses 
Vitamin Nutrition 
Drawing Is Fun 
Page 
6 
14 
18 
8 
22 
12 
23 
2 
3 
13 
17 
24 
Bengal, Assam, and East Pakistan—Karmatar 
P. 0., Santal Parganas, E. I. Ry.; for Ceylon-
7 Alfred House Gardens, Colpetty, Colombo 3; 
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livery. 
U
NIVERSAL insecurity is 
reflected in the fact that 
in 1939 there were five 
major secret police forces in the 
world, and ten years later the 
number had increased to thirty-
nine secret police agencies in 
thirty-six countries. 
What is true of the state is true 
of the average individual. In 
order to protect himself from 
dangers without and within, he 
carries life insurance and health 
insurance, invests in stocks, 
bonds, and property, strives for 
an education, and engages in 
numerous social activities. 
People seek security in church 
attendance. The adversity of our 
times has stirred the instinct to 
worship God and find shelter 
beneath the everlasting arms. 
Religion has made new gains. 
People are looking for inspira-
tion, assurance, and security in 
the spiritual life—something that 
materialism does not afford. 
If we have made provision for 
our material security in the days 
to come—and we should—let us 
also make provision for our 
spiritual security by exercising 
faith in God. Time stretches be-
fore us. We do not know what 
joys and sorrows it may bring. 
But beyond the clouds God 
stands in the unknown realm of 
life, keeping watch over those 
who trust Him. He bids us make 
provision for more than our 
temporal needs. "Seek ye first 
the kingdom of God, and His 
righteousness; and all these things 
shall be added unto you." 
When disaster strikes we come 
face to face with those indestruc-
tible things we call spiritual 
values. There is nothing left but 
faith—nothing left but God. 
(Continued on p. 5) 
3 
OUR COVER 
Every home should be beautified by a colourful garden. Parents 
and children both derive much pleasure and wholesome recreation in 
gardening activities. 
Photo by R. Krishnan 
M
UCH has been written 
speculatively concerning 
the nature of the forces 
that would be released by the ex-
plosion of the hydrogen bomb, 
familiarly known to most readers 
as the H-bomb. There have been 
many wild assertions made as to 
the possible effects in the event of 
its being used in another war. How-
ever, until recently, very recently 
in fact, the actual effects of the 
H-bomb exploded last November 
at Eniwetok have not been known. 
Now a little information is begin-
ning to trickle through the walls of 
the Pentagon concerning the pos-
sibilities of this new weapon. Ex-
President Truman, in his last ad-
dress to the American people, made 
certain vague references to the pos-
sible use of the bomb, and ap-
parently taking that as a signal 
authorizing the release of informa-
tion, the little which is now known 
was made public. 
In World War II we were startl-
ed to read of the TNT blockbuster 
which is supposed to have weighed 
about eleven tons and was capable 
of destroying a square city block. 
Those blockbusters were thought 
to be the ultimate in destructive 
power that an aeroplane was capa-
ble of carrying. However, within a 
few months after the blockbuster 
was introduced with such devastat-
ing effects in Europe, the world 
was sickeningly startled by the 
events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 
The bombs dropped on those two 
ill-fated Japanese cities were made 
of uranium and plutonium and are 
4 
now spoken of as "the old-fashion-
ed atom bombs." 
Those bombs had an explosive 
power equal to twenty thousand 
tons of TNT and were possessed as 
well of deadly radioactive prin-
ciples. A blast equalling the ex-
plosive force of 1,000 tons of TNT 
was known as a Kiloton. The 
Hiroshima blast, therefore, rated 
twenty Kilotons. Now we have a 
new rating of the explosive forces. 
The new force is termed the Mega-
ton. The Megaton equals the ex-
plosive force of one million tons of 
TNT. 
According to information recent-
ly received, the H-bomb explosion 
referred to above, had a force of 
3.5 Megatons. This, as any student 
of elementary arithmetic could 
determine, is the equal of a com-
bined explosion of 175 atom bombs 
as powerful as the one dropped on 
Hiroshima. This force, as we stop 
to think of it, is incomprehensible. 
We know that one of the "old-
fashioned" atom bombs exploded 
anywhere in the world causes such 
a stupendous series of vibrations 
within the earth's crust that it sets 
in motion the needles of the 
seismographs around the world. 
What, therefore, must be the effect 
of the H-bomb explosion? 
The H-bomb, such as that ex-
ploded at Eniwetok, could "severe-
ly blast an area of 140 square miles 
and moderately to severely blast an 
area of 260 square miles." This 
means that one of these bombs 
dropped over the centre of any one 
of Southern Asia's leading cities 
could obliterate that city from the 
face of the earth in the twinkling 
of an eye. We are further told, that 
the Eniwetok blast produced a fire-
ball which could "send a heat flash 
sufficient to ignite combustible 
material, or to cause killing third-
degree burns on exposed skin, 
within an area of 300 square 
miles." 
Now if we assume that a bomb 
is dropped over a flat country such 
as is found where the great cities 
of the world are usually located, 
there would be nothing to obstruct 
the force of the explosion and the 
effects of the fire-ball, and the 
bomb then would explode roughly 
in the centre of a circle of devasta-
tion having a diameter of 19.6 
miles. 
If this fact is not fearful enough, 
we are informed "that men can 
make . . . the ten-megaton bomb 
with a force of ten million tons of 
TNT." The new bomb is possessed 
of a third destructive factor in ad-
dition to the blast and the heat, 
known as the gamma ray, which is 
deadly to human life. Time maga-
zine of January 19, 1953, states: 
"It seems to be impossible to 
understand the political and mili-
tary implications of the existence 
of atomic weapons. Indeed, these 
implications are not even under-
stood by the experts. Man is about 
to destroy himself unless he has a 
corresponding revolution in his 
political thinking to equal the in-
credible advance which the scient-
ists have produced for him in his 
ability to destroy fellow men." 
Now, as never before, "Men's 
hearts are failing them for fear and 
for looking after those things which 
are coming on the earth." It is 
true today more than ever before 
that there is distress of nations upon 
the earth even as was prophesied by 
the great Teacher of Galilee 2,000 
years ago. He said that these things 
were signs which would indicate 
that the time for His return to the 
earth was at hand. So we say to 
those who fear for the future of 
(Continued on p. 17) 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
YOUR 
EDITOR 
SAYS 
"The Iridian Concrete Journal" 
—Silver Jubilee Issue—Published 
by the Concrete Association of 
India. Contains 30 original arti-
cles. Price Rs. 2. 
The Concrete Association of 
India and its technical organ, 
The Indian Concrete Journal, 
celebrate their Silver Jubilee this 
month. To mark this occasion, a 
special issue of the Journal has just 
been published. Through a series 
of original articles contributed by 
leading engineers throughout the 
country, this special number covers 
the progress made in concrete 
engineering during the past 
twenty-five years. 
The articles reveal the important 
role played by Portland cement 
concrete in the development of our 
country and review the progress 
made in various constructional 
fields—irrigation, �
multi-purpose 
projects, roads, buildings, etc. 
Indeed, in most Civil Engineering 
constructions of today, concrete is 
an indispensable material. The 
Association, as well as its pro-
moters, the Associated Cement 
Companies, Ltd., deserve con-
gratulations on the production of 
this magnificent number which is 
a vital contribution to engineering 
literature. 
999999999999999999999999999999999999999 
9 �
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9 �
9 
60 
3 �
What's in the News? �
61 
9 �
9 
9 
S 
A tablet taken by mouth was successful in preventing childbirth in 9 
298 out of 300 couples who participated in an experimental project, Dr. 
611 • Benjamin F. Sieve of Boston reports in "Science." All couples previously S 
had given birth to at least one child. After three to thirty months, 220 
9
couples stopped taking the tablets and then conceived within three months, 
9 according to Dr. Sieve. 
S 
The pill is made of a chemical called phosphorylated hesperidin which 
9 has been used in the past to counteract haemorrhage. Dr. Sieve believes 
the ability of the male sperm to penetrate an ovum depends largely on 
9 the enzyme hyaluronidase. Hesperidin, he finds, counteracts this enzyme 
Gil 
61 and blocks fertilization. 
S �
Much more clinical data must be accumulated before general use of 
9 this antifertility factor is warranted, Dr. Sieve says. One undesirable 
9 feature is the dosage. The pills must be taken three times a day by the 
S 
husband and four times daily by the wife in order that the amount of 
9 the chemical in the blood be kept continuously at a saturation level. The 
61 
s two couples in whom the experiment did not prove successful were those s 
s who forgot to take their pills at regular times. 
9 
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Thousands of surgical patients know of the pain that sometimes comes S 
S 
1 after the anaesthetic wears off. For some, it is necessary to administer 
narcotics. Others are subjected to the repeated hourly doses of a local 
anaesthetic. 
A new-type drug has been developed with which a single injection 
GI 
rit can control pain for six to twelve days. It is a combination of time-tested S 
9 local anaesthetics mixed in a solvent that allows absorption by the tissues 
S 
at a slow rate, thus creating an anaesthetic depot in the body. 
Known as Efocaine, the drug mixture has been used to control pain 
after major chest and abdominal operations which formerly needed post-
operative narcotics. 
* 
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9 
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Absurd as it seems today, there was during the last century some 
concern about whether eyes could stand a nine-candlepower light—the 
power of the early Argand lamp, which burned whale oil. An encyclopcedia 9 
9 published in 1804 urged people to use a small screen between their eyes S 
s and such a powerful illumination. The hostility continued well toward s 
i the middle of the century, and in 1847 the Franklin Institute of Philadel- 
phia warned of the "unpleasant, and to many eyes painful, effects of the 
naked flame of a candle, lamp, or gas burner." 
9 
9 
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Tooth decay may be affected by the amount of saliva in a person's 
q 
mouth, it has been found in research by Dr. Ralph E. McDonald at the 3 
Indiana University School of Dentistry. �
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3
The more saliva normally produced in a person's mouth, the less tooth S 
decay he is likely to have, Dr. McDonald learned. Also, the more viscous 9 
3 the saliva, the more the chance of decay. �
9 
It seems to be the washing effect of the saliva on teeth that does 0 
$ 
the trick. The more saliva, the greater the washing effect, and the more 9 
viscous it is, the less the washing effect. 
• 
* �
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9 
9 
9 
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U. S. Industry now requires one engineer for every 60 employees, S 
i
reports Dr. C. G. Suits, General Electric vice-president and director of S 
research. He contrasts this with the year 1900, when one engineer sufficed till 
for every 250 employees in industry. �
S 
9 �
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Children with peptic ulcers often have an emotional make-up similar a 
9 to adult victims who "keep the lid on," according to Dr. Bertram R. S 
• 
Girdany, University of Pittsburgh pediatrician. They are usually bright, $ 
O 
tense, and possessed with an inner "drive," much like a successful business 
S 
man. They tend to keep their emotions bottled up. 
S �
Girdany's report was based on "random observations" of 45 peptic 9 
S 
ulcer cases among children ranging in age from 14 months to 11 years. rill
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They came from a group of 50,000 children examined. 
6 
Children have more peptic ulcers than is generally believed, Dr. 
Girdany says. "It is an important pediatric problem," he warns. "In some 
9 adults, their ulcer symptoms date back to childhood." 
9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 
WHERE SHALL I FIND 
SECURITY? 
(Continued from p. 3) 
When we have God, do we not 
possess the greatest treasure? 
True security may be found in 
Him. He is a Refuge and Fort-
ress to which we may flee for 
shelter when the storms of life 
beat upon us. 
BOOK REVIEW 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 �
5 
DRAMA 
AND A 
BLOOD COUNT 
GRACE PAUL 
S
OME patients get a false 
sense of security from a 
normal blood count, and 
occasionally are like the young 
woman who said, "Well, my blood 
count is normal, so all these pains 
in my back must be imaginary." 
She had forgotten a serious fall 
four years before, when she sat 
down where the chair wasn't. At 
the time she felt stiff and sore but 
was able to keep moving. When 
she finally mentioned the fall, the 
doctor's job was easy. 
There are other people with 
far more serious ailments who 
stop going to the doctor because 
of a normal blood count. Actually, 
the blood count is ordered to rule 
out certain inflammatory condi-
tions that would make it difficult 
for the doctor to make a diagnosis. 
The number of white blood cells 
present in the blood is an indica-
tion of how the body is responding 
to whatever is causing the pain. If 
6 
there is an infection present, the 
number of "soldier boy" white 
cells, called neutrophilic polymor-
phonuclears, is increased. If the 
patient has good resistance, the 
total number of white blood cells 
is greater than in a patient who 
does not have good resistance. 
The amount of ha2moglobin and 
the number of red blood cells are 
decreased if a person is anaemic, 
and the cells take on bizarre shapes 
and vary greatly in size if a person 
is markedly anaemic. 
When the technologist does a 
blood count she usually counts the 
total number of white blood cells 
and the percentage of each kind, 
the total number of red blood 
cells, and the amount of hemo- 
"Impure air makes impure blood, 
and impure blood poisons the brain 
and paralyzes the nerves." 
,10.0.0.11...AIWWVW‘NON•WWWINA.INAINAIVNIONO 
globin. The doctor correlates the 
report with what he has learned, 
and knows he can eliminate some 
of the possible causes of the 
patient's difficulties. If the phy-
sician suspects appendicitis, he 
can be reasonably certain from 
the results of the blood count 
whether the pain was due to an 
inflamed appendix. If he suspects 
malaria, he can be certain only 
when the parasites are visible, for 
even the best of technologists miss 
parasites in some stages of their 
development. 
The trained technologist can in-
crease the value of a blood count 
considerably by giving the doctor a 
scientific description of any un-
usual cells and informing him as 
to the relative number of im-
mature cells. 
There is no field in which it is 
more important to have the work 
of an experienced technologist than 
in blood counting. Even some of 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
the counts that look normal so far 
as numbers go are actually sug-
gestive of certain pathological 
conditions. Doctors almost always 
order a blood count when a 
person has a severe sore throat, for 
the possible causes of the inflam-
mation or swelling must be deter-
mined. 
Several years ago a young man 
was sent to a laboratory for a 
blood count, and everything 
seemed just about normal on the 
report. After work hours that night 
the medical technologist made her 
usual check of the smears counted 
by students and non-registered 
technologists. When she checked 
the young man's blood smear, she 
instantly recognized cells strongly 
suggestive of a disease called in-
fectious mono-nucleosis. On the 
record they had been reported as 
normal cells. Fortunately a speci-
men had been taken for serum 
testing, and with it she was able to 
run further tests and be sure of 
her analysis before admitting to 
the doctor that a misleading report 
had been allowed to leave the 
laboratory. The further tests con-
firmed her suspicions, and she 
telephoned the clinical patholo-
gist, who in turn called the physi-
cian. 
All the patient needed to do 
was rest and gargle frequently. In 
a few days he was as good as 
new, and probably in better health 
than if the doctor had continued 
to treat the throat for an infection 
to which he apparently had no 
resistance. 
In another case the diagnosis 
was not made so quickly. A busi-
nessman who had had intermittent 
chills for two weeks was sent to a 
laboratory where the technologist 
had a reputation for finding 
malaria parasites when others 
missed them. Although she did not 
find parasites after a careful 
count, she had an idea. She re-
ported to the pathologist that there 
was a condition present very com-
monly found in undulant fever. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
The pathologist learned from the 
physician that the patient had not 
been tested for undulant fever, and 
subsequent tests gave strong evi-
dence of its presence. 
Experience with many types of 
cases pays off. A child with a 
diagnosis of acute leukemia was 
sent to a laboratory to have the 
diagnosis verified and the kind of 
leukemia determined. An experi-
enced technologist took the child's 
blood count. She got extra slides 
for special stains, because she was 
curious. She stained the slides 
while the patient was still in the 
waiting room. To her surprise she 
saw cells that she associated with 
pneumonia following whooping 
cough. Well-trained technologists 
do not give opinions, but they can 
ask questions. 
This technologist hurried to the 
waiting room. "Is the baby feeling 
worse?" she asked. 
"Yes, she doesn't have any pep, 
and she's hot," the mother 
answered. "When she had whoop-
ing cough, she didn't seem to feel 
bad at all, but now—" 
The mother continued talking, 
but the technologist was not 
listening. She was giving her re-
port to the physician, including 
the fact that the cells were sug-
gestive of those occurring in pneu-
monia following whooping cough. 
Her interest in her work and her 
quick action brought a happy end-
ing to the story. 
Although every technologist 
observes such dramatic blood 
count results, still hTmatology is 
not so dramatic as many other 
phases of laboratory work. 
Occasionally the blood count 
solves important mysteries and 
leads to the correction of prac-
tices injurious to health. Lead 
poisoning is one of the conditions 
in which much information can be 
gained from a blood count, be-
cause there is a fine stippling of 
the red blood cells if lead has been 
absorbed. Unfortunately other 
metals cause a similar reaction, 
and there is a slightly similar con-
dition in severe anxmias. 
Technologists observe more than 
the usual number of stippled red 
blood cells among poverty-strick-
en people. A child was admitted 
to a hospital because of abdominal 
pains. Stippled red blood cells 
were reported, but no apparent 
cause could be found. The child 
died, and the parents refused a 
postmortem examination. A second 
child was admitted with similar 
pain. Again stippled red blood 
cells were reported, and the 
doctor aked the technologist to 
check her stain. She did; in fact, 
she made up a special stain, and 
in it the dots showed more clearly. 
Doctors assured her that these dots 
were due to malnutrition; so the 
medical technologist searched the 
literature for records of stippled 
cells in malnutrition that didn't 
cause anxmia. The literature 
showed nothing. 
The second child died, and the 
father gave permission for a 
postmortem examination. He 
didn't tell that another child at 
home was similarly afflicted, and 
the pathologist made no attempt 
to hurry the examination of 
tissues removed. 
Even before the funeral the 
father visited the laboratory to ask 
the results of the tests. When he 
pressed the pathologist the doctor 
admitted that he suspected lead 
poisoning. The bereaved father 
could think of no way the child 
(Continued on p. 16) 
7 
SAVING 
PREMATURE 
BABIES 
EDITH L. POTTER, M.D. 
T
HE crowd in the grand-
stand surged to its feet as 
Jim Cousins slid Across the 
goal line for the first touchdown 
of the last game of the football 
season. I rose, too, cheering wildly 
because of the excitement of the 
game and because I was proud of 
Jim. Jim is my god-child so I am 
allowed a little extra enthusiasm 
for him and I never observe one 
of his minor triumphs without 
remembering the first time I ever 
saw him. 
He was born prematurely—al-
most three months before the ex-
pected date and a tinier, more 
fragile-looking baby it would be 
hard to imagine. His thin, delicate 
skin seemed almost transparent, 
and on the infrequent occasions 
when he opened his eyes they 
seemed far too big for the rest of 
his face. 
From the first he was a vigorous 
baby even though he weighed less 
than three pounds. Thanks to his 
inherent vitality and to the excellent 
nursing care he received in those 
8 
early weeks, he thrived and when 
his normal birth date came he 
actually was larger and more 
advanced than the usual newborn 
infant. While he was still small 
his mother was worried for fear 
he might be permanently handi-
capped by having been born so 
early, but there was never a hint 
of it. He has always been one of 
the leaders at school, both scholas-
tically and in extra-curricular 
activities and is as fine and hand-
some a boy as you could find. 
What is a premature baby? How 
do you tell when a baby is pre-
mature? 
A baby is said to be premature 
if it is smaller and less well devel-
oped at the time of birth than the 
average child. This is ordinarily 
because it remains in the uterus 
too short a time although occa-
sionally growth is unusually slow 
and the infant is underweight in 
spite of a normal length of intra-
uterine life. 
The average age of a child at 
birth is 38 weeks. More than 90 
per cent of all children are born 
within two weeks of the expected 
time; the majority of the others 
are born earlier, a few later. The 
average birth weight of white 
infants in Western countries is 
about seven and a half pounds. 
Some may weigh as much as two 
pounds less than this and still be 
well enough developed to establish 
themselves as independent indi-
viduals quite adequately, but they 
cannot be much smaller without 
finding extra-uterine life unusual-
ly difficult. 
We have learned from ex-
perience that babies weighing less 
than five and a half pounds often 
need special care and the division 
between mature and premature is 
ordinarily based on weight instead 
of on the number of weeks the 
baby grew before birth. Errors are 
often made in the date of the last 
menstrual period and occasionally 
babies weighing as much as ten or 
twelve pounds have been recorded 
as premature because they were 
born before the anticipated time. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
Photo by R. Krishnan 
Modern medical science is making it possible for many babies born prematurely 
to grow and develop normally. 
9 
The reasons why babies are 
born earlier than expected vary, 
and in more than one third of all 
premature births no cause can be 
found. About ten per cent of pre-
mature babies are twins. Being a 
twin is a definite hazard. Because 
there are two babies instead of 
one, the uterus enlarges more 
rapidly than usual and labour 
often sets in when the combined 
weight of the babies is about equal 
to what a single infant would 
normally weigh at the onset of 
labour. 
Hard physical work during the 
latter months of pregnancy may 
cause early delivery. For this 
reason many companies employing 
women for jobs necessitating active 
physical exercise require them to 
stop work well in advance of the 
time the baby is expected to 
arrive. 
If the baby does not develop 
normally nature may institute 
labour early, almost as if to get rid 
of a poor pregnancy in order to 
start another. 
The hormones produced by the 
ovaries and placenta, which are 
necessary for the establishment 
and progress of pregnancy, are 
sometimes deficient and may pre-
vent the normal continuation of 
pregnancy. 
It has recently been shown that 
women who are underweight at 
the beginning of pregnancy and 
do not gain normally during the 
first few months are several times 
more apt to deliver prematurely 
than women of normal weight. 
A few women appear to have 
some inborn hyperirritability of 
the uterus which causes the ex-
pulsion of the baby prematurely 
in all pregnancies. In most in-
stances, even though a woman 
may bear one baby that is pre-
mature, her other babies are 
likely to be born at the expected 
time. 
After carefully studying the 
histories of many women who 
have had premature babies, it 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
becomes evident that in some 
instances we can find no reason, 
but in general, the healthier the 
mother and the more complete 
her diet in required minerals, vita-
mins and proteins, the less likely 
she is to have a premature infant. 
When labour sets in premature-
ly, special preparations must be 
made for the delivery of the child 
and for its care after birth. Pre-
mature babies find it more diffi-
cult to establish a life of their own 
than do full term babies, because 
they are less well developed—the 
lungs, heart, digestive system and 
other organs are incompletely 
developed, and every effort must 
be made to put as little strain on 
these organs as possible. 
The tissues of a premature baby 
are fragile and must be protected 
during birth. Breathing is not 
established as readily as in larger 
infants and, because of this, drugs 
given to a mother for pain relief 
during labour must be kept to a 
minimum. This usually produces 
no hardship for the mother, since 
labour is generally shorter than 
when it occurs later in the preg-
nancy. During the actual delivery, 
a local anaesthetic can be injected 
into the lower part of the spinal 
canal or into the tissues around the 
nerves supplying the uterus. This 
does not harm the baby. But a 
general anaesthetic used to put the 
mother to sleep may similarly 
affect the baby and cause con-
siderable delay in the establish-
ment of respiration. 
When a premature baby is born 
it is immediately put into a heated 
crib or an incubator to protect it 
from chilling. The mouth, throat 
and air passages to the lungs are 
carefully cleaned out and if the 
baby is very small an extra 
supply of oxygen is added to the 
air it breathes to compensate for 
the incomplete development of the 
lungs. 
Almost all hospitals have nur-
series specially equipped to take 
care of premature infants and 
staffed with specially trained 
nurses. An infant is usually trans-
ferred from the birth room to the 
premature nursery as quickly as 
possible so that it may take every 
advantage of this special care. It 
is usually kept in this special 
nursery until it weighs five and a 
half pounds. This may be for 
many weeks if the weight is no 
more than two or three pounds at 
birth. 
Small premature babies are 
kept in closed incubators in which 
the temperature is maintained 
around 90 degrees, the oxygen 
concentration of the air is in-
creased to 50 to 60 per cent and 
the humidity from 70 to 90 per 
cent, depending on the condition 
of the infant. There is some dif-
ference of opinion as to whether 
or not the baby should be clothed. 
Many doctors feel that clothing 
inhibits normal activity and devel-
opment and think that the child 
grows faster and is subject to less 
skin irritation when unclothed. 
Others feel that since the baby 
has been expelled prematurely 
from the closely encompassing 
walls of the uterus, clothing aids 
to some extent in simulating the 
snugness of the intra-uterine 
environment. 
The food on which a premature 
baby will best thrive is also the 
subject of some disagreement. It 
has long been believed that human 
milk is more easily digested by 
small infants than is cow's milk 
and every effort has generally 
been made to provide it. In recent 
years some doctors have thought 
that cow's milk might have an 
advantage over human milk but 
most still believe that human milk 
is preferable. If the mother has a 
sufficient amount of breast milk, 
this is expressed into a bottle and 
after being sterilized is fed to the 
infant in small amounts at fre-
quent intervals. 
The small premature baby has 
insufficient strength to nurse and 
is fed with a medicine dropper or 
through a small soft rubber tube 
passed into its stomach. Even 
larger prematures are often fed 
this way for the first several days 
to conserve their strength. 
All newborn infants are ex-
tremely susceptible to infection, 
but in prematures this tendency is 
exaggerated. Before birth, the 
infant is well protected by the 
walls of the uterus and does not 
normally come in contact with 
bacteria. Consequently it has no 
resistance, and any bacteria, even 
those that are harmless for adults, 
may be dangerous for premature 
newborns. Because of this, every 
premature infant must be care- 
fully protected. The most common 
entry-ways for bacteria are the 
lungs, the stomach, and the skin. 
To prevent bacteria from entering 
the lungs and causing pneumonia 
an attempt is always made to keep 
the bacteria in the nose and 
throat of the nurse or other at-
tendant from getting to the baby. 
All other people are completely 
excluded from the nursery. The 
nose and mouth of every person 
caring for the infant are covered 
with a mask and no nurse with a 
cold, even a mild one, goes into the 
nursery. 
To prevent bacteria from enter-
ing the stomach all food and 
water is sterilized, except in the 
case of larger or older premature 
infants who are able to nurse 
directly at the breast. No one 
with any kind of infection, 
especially diarrhcea, should come 
in contact with a premature infant 
or with anything that may go into 
his mouth. 
The skin of the premature baby 
is delicate and must be handled 
with great care to prevent infec-
tion. All bedding, diapers and 
gowns are sterilized during wash-
ing and are handled as little as 
possible to keep them uncontami-
nated. Care must be taken in 
cleaning the skin to prevent 
injury, for an injured skin is more 
susceptible to infection. Soap and 
water are not often used for bath-
ing premature infants and general-
ly only a little sterile oil is used. 
When a premature infant is 
kept in a warm moist atmosphere 
rich in oxygen, is fed properly, 
and is protected from infection, it 
has a very good chance of survival 
provided it is not too tiny when 
born. When an infant is normal 
at the time of birth and is cared 
for under ideal conditions, the 
likelihood of survival is directly 
related to birth weight. Every 
additional ounce improves the 
chances. 
10 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, Aram 1953 
An old wives' tale says that a 
seven months baby has a better 
chance of survival than an eight 
months baby. Most beliefs of this 
sort have some basis in fact, but 
this has none. Its origin is un-
known but several explanations 
are offered. One is that this belief 
is related to the fact that in olden 
days seven was considered an 
especially lucky number. It may 
have been thought that if a baby 
could force its way out of the 
uterus at seven months it must be 
unusually vigorous. If unsuccess-
ful in the attempt at seven months, 
it would try again at eight months 
and this time, if successful, it 
would be exhausted by the two 
attempts and would probably die. 
The average baby at the end of 
seven months weighs only slightly 
more than two pounds. Few 
babies weighing less than this at 
birth survive. The principal reason 
such babies cannot live is that 
their lungs are not sufficiently 
developed. Until the fifth month 
the air sacs are lined with a solid 
layer of cells. About this time 
small blood vessels begin to pene-
trate this lining. When enough 
blood vessels have grown through 
to take enough oxygen from the 
air, the infant can breathe success-
fully. This is usually accomplished 
by the end of the seventh month—
the beginning of the time when 
survival outside the uterus is 
possible. We give premature babies 
oxygen so they can make the best 
possible use of their incompletely 
developed lungs. 
In the best obstetric hospitals 
more than 99 per cent of babies 
who weigh more than five and a 
half pounds, and are consequently 
considered mature, live and are 
entirely normal babies. In the 
same hospitals only 85 to 90 per 
cent of those weighing from two 
and a half to five and a half 
pounds live. 
The reasons for failure to survive 
are much the same in the two 
groups except that the premature 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
is considerably more susceptible to 
disturbances in the lungs than a 
full-term baby. Other reasons for 
nonsurvival are injury incurred 
before birth as a result of partial 
cutting off of the oxygen supply 
received from the mother through 
the umbilical cord or placenta; 
mechanical injury to the head 
during delivery; abnormal devel-
opment with the production of a 
malformation; bacterial infection 
of the lungs, stomach and intes-
tines or skin; Rh incompatibility, 
and a few other miscellaneous 
conditions. 
The majority of premature 
babies who live are not handi-
capped by their prematurity. They 
may seem to develop a little more 
slowly than mature babies but 
much of the apparent difference 
disappears when it is remembered 
that six months after birth the 
baby born at seven months is 
actually three months younger 
than one born at the expected 
time. Occasionally children born 
prematurely continue for several 
years to weigh slightly less than 
mature babies of the same post-
natal age but generally inside of 
three or four years it is impossible 
to notice a difference. The same is 
true for mental and general phy-
sical development. 
On rare occasions a tragic 
thing may happen to a small pre-
mature who, because of low 
weight, is on the border between 
life and death at birth. In spite 
of having surmounted the hurdle 
of establishing an extra-uterine 
existence he may become blind. 
The blindness results from a de-
tachment of the retina, the inner 
lining of the eyeball. Folds form 
in the retina and it gradually 
loosens up and condenses 'into 
a solid mass behind the lens. It is 
occasionally mistaken for a can-
cerous growth but it is not a can-
cer and does no harm to the baby 
except to destroy eyesight. At 
present no one knows why this 
occurs or how to prevent it. There 
is no cure after it once develops. 
This condition is found only in 
very small prematures and seems 
to be directly related to the un-
finished state of the eyes at birth. 
Fortunately, even in small infants, 
it is rare. Many physicians are 
studying this problem and it is 
hoped that before long we may 
find some way of preventing any 
premature baby from being de-
prived of eyesight. 
We have come to be more con-
cerned with the causes of pre-
maturity and, by prenatal advice 
to expectant mothers, are hoping 
to decrease the number of pre-
mature births. Through research 
we are hoping to find other means 
as yet unknown for preventing 
prematurity. Research is also con-
stantly being carried on to find the 
best ways to help a premature 
baby adjust to his new surround-
ings and attain normal babyhood. 
At present prematurity is eighth 
among the leading causes of death 
at all ages. This is in spite of the 
great reduction in the number of 
deaths that has been brought about 
in the last few years. Although 
only six to seven per cent of all 
babies are bore prematurely, more 
than half the newborn deaths are 
in this group. To further decrease 
the mortality among premature 
infants is one of the goals of 
modern medicine. 
—Today's Health. 
11 
KIDDIES KORNER 
FOUND: ONE BROWN PUPPY 
Florence J. Johnson 
HE birthday party was over. 
The boys and girls had gone 
home and Sundar was left 
alone looking at the presents his 
friends had brought him. 
There was one present, however, 
that he had wanted, but no one 
had remembered to give it to him. 
None of his friends brought him 
the present. They all brought nice 
gifts, but— 
Sundar wanted a little PuPPY 
like the one he had seen in the 
window of the pet shop. 
Lonesomely, Sundar went out 
the back door to put his new 
bicycle away in the garage. Half-
way to the garage he stopped 
suddenly, listened, and looked 
around. He thought he heard a 
rustling in the leaves that had 
fallen from the big tree. Seeing 
nothing, he started to go on. This 
time the rustle came from near his 
feet. He looked down, then knelt 
with a cry of sympathy. 
There lay a little brown puppy, 
his eyes big and pleading, his 
short stubby tail wagging hope-
fully. He tried to get up, failed, 
tried again, and stood, wobbling on 
three legs. One front leg was 
twisted, broken. 
When Sundar picked him up, a 
pink tongue licked his cheek. The 
puppy gave a tired, but hopeful, 
little bark. He was sure that he had 
found a friend. 
Sundar ran to the house with 
his unexpected birthday present in 
his arms. His mother shook her 
head when she saw the broken leg. 
"We will have to take him to 
the dog hospital. There is just 
time enough before dinner." 
"I can keep him, can't I, 
mother? He came to me. He is 
just what I wanted for a birthday 
present. Not that I don't like my 
other presents, but I did so what a 
Puppy." 
"He is most likely someone's pet 
who ran away and has been struck 
by a car. I will telephone to the 
newspaper that a puppy has been 
found." 
"Do we have to?" Then Sundar 
sighed, and said, "Yes, I suppose 
so. But the boy who had this 
puppy couldn't have liked him 
very much if he let him run away." 
Two days passed. The notice 
was in the paper that Sundar Dass 
had found a little puppy, but no 
one called for him. Sundar was 
happy, and so was Rover, for that 
was the name Sundar had given to 
him. 
But—every so often—Rover 
would hobble to the door and look 
as if he was expecting someone, It 
was at these times that Sundar 
looked sad. Rover was remember-
ing the other boy. 
One week passed—two—three 
—four. Still no one claimed the 
little puppy, who was now hopping 
around, very much at home and 
never far from Sundar. 
"I guess Rover will be my 
puppy," said Sundar happily one 
afternoon as he came from school 
and found Rover waiting for him 
at the gate. 
But that night a man came to 
the door, Sundar's father answered 
the doorbell. Sundar was listening. 
"I understand you found a little 
puppy. I've just come back from 
a trip to find that my son's pet has 
been missing for some time," 
Sundar heard a man's voice say. 
He started to grab Rover, but 
Rover had recognized the voice. 
He darted out into the hall, bark-
ing joyfully. 
"Well, old man, what does this 
mean?" The man picked up the 
dog and held him close. "Don't 
you know it's wrong to run away? 
I suppose you got lonely for 
Sorab and started to hunt for a 
new playmate." 
"You have boy?" Sundar asked 
slowly, following his pet into the 
hall. 
"Yes, his name is Sorab. His 
mother and I had to take him to 
the hospital for a month, and we 
left the puppy with a neighbour. 
She didn't like dogs, but said she 
would take care of him while we 
were gone. I guess she was rather 
glad when he disappeared. And I 
am glad you found him. Sorab 
thinks the world of him, and it will 
be several months yet before 
Sorab can walk again." 
"0," said Sundar thoughtfully. 
"Would you like to come and see 
Sorab tomorrow? I am sure he 
will want to thank you for taking 
such good care of his Skipper." 
"Is that his name? I called him 
Rover." 
The next day Sundar went to 
call on Sorab, who was in a 
wheel-chair with his dog Skipper, 
12 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
National News Photo 
A working model of a cement factory shown at the engineering exhibition. 
13 
curled up beside him. Skipper 
remembered Sundar and greeted 
him with joyful barks, but he 
didn't leave Sorab. He was Sorab's 
dog. 
But his barking started some-
thing. Out of a box beside Sorab's 
chair tumbled another little brown 
puppy. He stopped and looked at 
Sundar, his eyes big and pleading, 
his short stubby tail wagging hope-
fully. Sundar picked him up. A 
pink tongue licked his cheek. 
"How do you like Rover?" asked 
Sorab, grinning happily. 
"Rover? Is his name Rover?" 
"Sure. That was the name you 
gave Skipper. So this morning dad 
went to the kennels and got him. 
They're brothers, and alike as two 
peas. He's yours." 
"Mine!" Sundar hugged his 
Rover happily, and looked at 
Skipper's real owner. 
What a birthday! A new friend 
and a puppy all his own. He had 
Rover. 
LOW-COST HOUSES FOR 
THE MASSES 
A.C.C.'s Contribution to Con-
structional Engineering 
A Symposium on Low-cost 
Concrete Houses, an architectural 
competition on Low-cost Houses, 
and an Engineering Exhibition, 
high-lighted the Silver Jubilee 
celebrations of the Concrete Asso-
ciation of India, held in January at 
the Council Hall, Bombay. 
The symposium attracted con-
siderable attention from the engi-
neering profession in India and a 
number of interesting papers on 
the design and construction of 
economical concrete houses for low 
income groups, suitable for the 
varying climatic conditions of 
India were received and discussed. 
The architectural competition has 
also resulted in numerous pleasing 
architectural designs for one-room 
kitchen self-contained tenements 
to four-room quarters for a middle 
class medium-sized family. The 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
emphasis is on the "expanding" 
design so that more space could be 
added to the original living space 
according to the needs of the grow-
ing family. Some of these designs 
as well as models of expandable 
houses, as well as interesting ex-
hibits of working models of a 
cement factory, a ready-mix con-
crete plant, etc., are on show at 
the Engineering Exhibition at the 
Council Hall. The Concrete Asso-
ciation has also brought out a 
special issue of The Indian Con-
crete Journal recording twenty-
five years of concrete engineering 
and construction in India to com-
memorate the' event. 
During the twenty-five years of 
its useful service, the Association, 
which has been sponsored by the 
Associated Cement Companies, 
Ltd., has seen the establishment of 
Portland cement concrete as a 
foremost construction material in 
India. Through its own efforts and 
free technical service to cement 
users, it -has promoted the use of 
Indian cement. Its notable contri-
bution has been its unceasing cam-
paign for better roads in the 
country and its technical advice on 
design and construction of concrete 
roads and free supervision through 
its trained personnel. Mention may 
also be made of the pioneering 
efforts of the Association in im-
provement work carried out in 
selected rural areas which may 
well be adopted in the community 
development projects now under 
way. The Concrete Association has 
also, in collaboration with other 
engineering organizations, contri-
buted a good deal towards the 
establishment of improved build-
ing methods and better engineering 
standards in the country. 
The service rendered by the 
Concrete Association has been 
made possible by the foresighted 
policy of the Associated Cement 
Companies to assist cement users 
with technical data. The Silver 
Jubilee Year sees this institution 
occupying a position of national 
importance and in the years to 
come there need be little doubt 
that the organization will continue 
to serve the people of this land 
with the same zeal and spirit of 
helpfulness as before. 
Photo by U. S. I. S. 
Pain can sorely try us but it can produce patience and courage. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
PAIN 
Is a BLESSING 
HAROLD J. HOXIE, M.D. 
N
ALATHUMBY has many 
scars and three unhealed 
sores on his skin. lie has 
just recovered from a toe 'nfiection 
caused by a nail in his shoe. lie 
frequently burns his fingers. The 
reason is that two years ago he 
was almost fatally poisoned by 
arsenic, and was left without feel-
ing in his hands or below his knees. 
He cannot tell when his hands, 
legs, and feet are being injured. 
He would give almost any thing 
to be able to led pain in his hands 
and legs. 
Pain is one of nature's methods 
of saving us from destruction. 
Without skin pain we could not 
safely move about in a world made 
up of so many things that are 
hard, angular, sharp, and hot. We 
learn to respect knives, stones, and 
hot stoves. Because they have 
caused us pain, we have changed 
our attitude toward them. '1 hus 
we avoid new danger. 
Durai couldn't move his left 
ankle after falling from a step-
ladder. It hurt too much. First-
aiders splinted his leg and foot 
with boards until he was taken 
to a doctor's office. The X-ray film 
showed that the bone was broken. 
The pain had insisted on rest for 
his injured ankle, and this rest 
prevented further injury. 
When we feel pain in the skin 
we go into action. We withdraw 
from whatever causes the pain. 
But when pain arises inside our 
bodies we are likely to lie down 
and be quiet. This pain serves a 
useful purpose, because it ensures 
14 
rest to the injured or diseased part. 
Pain is the greatest enemy of 
procrastination. it is a sort of 
burglar alarm, a warning that 
should be heeded. Without pain, 
many a disease would reach an 
incurable stage before being de-
tected. 
Take toothache, for example. If 
there were no pam, the cavity in 
the tooth would not be discovered 
until a large part of the tooth was 
decayed. We should see our dentist 
frequently, of course, so that the 
cavity will be discovered before the 
aching starts. 
Appendicitis without pain would 
very likely spread infection to 
other parts of the abdomen, and 
cause serious damage before being 
discovered. Pain in the abdomen 
is usually the complaint that makes 
the patient go to the surgeon for 
early care in appendicitis. 
Angina pectoris, or pain in the 
chest, impels its victim to be quiet 
and to seek relief. The pleurisy 
that often accompanies pneumonia 
is a strong incentive to get early 
treatment. The pain that accom-' 
panies a peptic ulcer can make us 
do something to heal the ulcer 
and avoid serious trouble, such as 
perforation and bleeding. 
Acting alone, you cannot always 
rend pain. But over the years pain 
has stimulated the minds of men 
to find ways to relieve and prevent 
suffering. This is the domain of 
medicine and surgery. 
Pain is one of the most common 
complaints of persons seeking 
medical help. The physician knows 
that location, characteristics, and 
relation of the pain to bodily acti-
vities are of great importance in 
making a diagnosis. Observe these 
qualities of your pain in order to 
help your doctor find the cause. 
Your pain nerve endings are 
most highly concentrated at the 
surface of the body in the skin. But 
the tissues under your skin also 
have vain nerves. These nerves 
enable you to feel pain originat-
ing in the muscles, tendons, bones, 
joints, and organs such as heart, 
lungs, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, 
and intestines. 
Many of your nerves that are 
capable of carrying pain sensation 
are never used. Nevertheless, they 
are there for your protection in 
case of need. 
We can tell lust where a pain 
is corning from if it is on the sur-
face of the body. This is because 
of the more abundant nerve supply 
to the skin, and because we have 
other sensations such as touch and 
temperature that are stimulated at 
the same time. Also, our brains 
have had a great deal of experience 
evaluating sensations from the 
skin. 
When pain originates in a deep 
structure, such as a joint, a muscle, 
or an inner organ, it is not so 
easily located. Our brains have not 
had much experience with deep 
pain, so it is referred to the body 
surface. But we know that it is not 
just on the surface. Not sharply 
localized, it is an aching rather than 
the sharply defined feeling char-
acteristic of skin pain. 
Sometimes pain is produced by 
an irritation or injury to the pain 
nerves in the path to the brain. The 
pain will appear to be wherever 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
the source of those nerves is. 
Pain sensation reaches the brain 
by way of three sets of nerve cells. 
Along the way, in the spinal cord, 
the first set of these nerves makes 
contact with other nerves going out 
to muscles. This connection, called 
a spinal reflex, enables us quickly, 
without thinking, to pull our hand 
away from a hot iron. 
Once in the brain the sensation 
is evaluated and interpreted as to 
its meaning. Our reaction to pain 
depends largely on this interpreta-
tion. If we are tired, in poor 
general health, or fearful, pain may 
be magnified. Courage, knowledge 
that the pain does not mean 
danger, and concentration of at-
tention on something else all lessen 
the feeling of pain. So pain is an 
experience as well as a sensation. 
Most of us have been surprised, 
after a scuffle or a swim, to find 
that we have a cut or bruise that 
caused little or no pain. 
Sometimes pain is belittled, with 
disastrous results. Mr. M., a 
middle-aged lawyer, awoke one 
night with pain in his upper abdo-
men and lower chest. Thinking it 
to be indigestion from the heavy 
meal he had eaten a few hours 
before, he took some soda and a 
dose of salts. His skin became pale, 
cold, and clammy. After about an 
hour and a half he began to feel 
better. The next day he didn't feel 
too well, but because it was a 
holiday, he rested, and the next 
morning he felt well enough to 
work. Three days later he died in 
his office. The medical examiner 
reported the death caused by a 
heart condition that had given 
warning several days before. 
When pain tells you that some-
thing is wrong and you cannot find 
and remove the cause, see your 
doctor. Don't disconnect or muffle 
the alarm system by taking aspirin 
or other drugs that simply relieve 
the pain without correcting the 
trouble. 
Your doctor is trained to find 
the cause of your pain and to treat 
the cause. He may use surgery, 
physical therapy, or medicine to 
correct the condition causing the 
pain. 
The pain may he aggravating the 
condition that is causing the pain. 
Also your way of living may he 
the reason for the pain. If so, it 
will be necessary for your doctor to 
prescribe temporary use of drugs 
that you would be unwise to take 
yourself. Used wisely, drugs that 
lessen pain can aid recovery. 
Unfortunately, the relief of pain 
sometimes removes the incentive to 
follow a programme that would 
lead to better health. Mrs. C. was 
given tablets containing aspirin 
and caffeine for relief of headaches 
caused by nervous tension and fati-
gue. The relief they gave her en-
abled her, contrary to her doctor's 
advice, to continue her same habits. 
Within three months the tablets 
were no longer relieving her head-
ache, and she was lying awake at 
night. Only after three weeks' rest 
in a sanitarium did she recover. 
Pain has other benefits besides 
compelling us to seek relief. 
Solomon recognized this when he 
wrote, "Sorrow is better than 
laughter: for by the sadness of the 
• countenance the heart is made bet-
ter." Pain can sorely try us, but it 
can produce patience and courage. 
Nobly borne, it strengthens the 
soul, knits hearts together, helps us 
to pity the pitiful. But it can do 
more than this—it can bring us 
to trust in God. The suffering of 
our Lord on Calvary proves that 
we can trust Him. 
Yes, pain is a blessing, physically 
and spiritually, if we take the right 
attitude toward it. 
15 
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Rest heave AT 
in a SEALED 77N 
"I see my family 
get the daily 
craggy they need 
from DALDA 
cook6d food." 
"Nothing brings 
out the flavour 
in food like 
DALDA." 
" I buy DALDA 
in this air-tight 
sealed tin—always 
fresh, pure 
and wholesome." 
( 
 
HOW TO MARE DELICIOUS AM R ITI? 
Mile ado to: 
THE DALDA 
ADVISORY SERVICE 
P.O. Box No. 363. Bombay. I 
BLOOD COUNT 
(Continued from p. 7) 
could have got lead. The patho-
logist dismissed him courteously, 
yet the father stood quietly in the 
laboratory as though he still 
wanted to talk. 
The medical technologist, simply 
to be friendly and sympathetic, 
asked him a few questions about 
the plans for the funeral, and the 
father burst out, "I think they 
ought to wait. My other little boy 
has the same thing, and the doctors 
don't know what's wrong. I don't 
want to bring him to the hospital, 
but we're downright cold out there 
hovering around the open fire 
with just one battery box burn-
ing.,, 
"What did you say you 
burned?" asked the technologist, 
forgetting she was supposed to be 
HERE'S WHY DAM VANASPAT1 IS 
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Buy Dalda for consistent high quality and real value for money. It 
brings out the flavour in every kind of dish. Get Dalda today--pure, 
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DALDA 
AVAILABLE IN 10 lb., 5 W., 2 lb. & lib. PACKS 
XV/1.4148424 
16 
 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
very calm in all situations. 
"Battery boxes. They give us 
the discards at a junk shop. They 
smell awful, but they provide a 
little heat." 
"Battery boxes are lined with 
lead !" The technologist recalled 
aloud some of the things she'd 
learned in chemistry. Her voice 
was loud with excitement, but her 
reaction was mild compared with 
that of the pathologist, who liter-
ally bounced out of his office. 
"So you burn battery boxes," he 
said, looking at the man with the 
gleam that comes into a scientist's 
eyes when he was made a dis-
covery. 
"Yes, doctor," came the calm 
reply. "Do you think that could 
have had anything to do with the 
children's getting sick?" 
The pathologist merely ex-
plained that the fuel had caused 
the first child's death. The man 
explained that the parents of the 
other dead child also burned 
battery boxes, and told of other 
homes where children were suffer-
ing from abdominal pains. 
Prompt medication saved the 
lives of all the other children in 
the neighbourhood, and a brother-
ly city provided stoves and wood 
for poverty-stricken homes. Other 
cities have faced the problem 
since; and usually the trouble is 
first discovered by some medical 
technologist doing a blood count. 
The services of a registered 
medical technologist will bring to 
you a thorough study of your 
blood. Your physician will study 
her report. If it is normal, he may 
ask for further investigation until 
he finds the cause of your health 
difficulty. Although a good blood 
count is assuring, just remember 
that it doesn't reveal everything 
that may happen within the hu-
man body. Because of this your 
physician often will ask for other 
studies to help establish a true 
diagnosis of your illness. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 19$3 
VITAMIN NUTRITION 
James Gregory 
You may be eating three big 
meals a day and yet be slowly 
starving yourself for vitamins es-
sential to your well-being. 
The total amount of food you 
eat often has little to do with your 
general health. Your diet must be 
balanced to include essential min-
erals and vitamins if you want to 
avoid deficiencies that cause crip-
pling diseases. 
Vitamin deficiencies do not ap-
pear in one race, class or group of 
people. They occur as often among 
higher income groups as among 
poorer classes. 
One famous nutritionist says 
that he has observed poor labourers 
in Asia who live to a healthy old 
age on unpolished rice and sea 
food. Such a diet supplies necessary 
vitamins and minerals. 
Many factors enter into the 
selection of a poor diet. Ignorance 
of vitamin content of foods, lack 
of money, and seasonal scarcities 
are a few. Many medical authori-
ties say that supplementary vita-
mins in pill or liquid form would 
probably be helpful to almost any-
one. 
What are vitamins? Briefly, vita-
mins are naturally occurring or-
ganic substances that are essential 
for normal growth and the mainte-
nance of life. Vitamins do not fur-
nish energy, but are necessary for 
transforming foods into energy. 
They also regulate many body 
processes. 
Strangely, practically all vitamin 
deficiencies result from the lack of 
several vitamins, rather than just 
one. For example, the primary 
cause of pellagra is a deficiency of 
niacin, one of the B vitamins. But 
the condition is also accompanied 
by deficiencies of vitamin B, and 
B, as well as others. 
Since many vitamins are de-
stroyed through cooking, nutri- 
tionists recommend that raw fruits 
and vegetables be included in the 
diet whenever possible. Vitamin 
deficiency diseases are disappear-
ing in areas where people are fol-
lowing this advice. 
Of all the vitamins identified to 
date, only vitamin D can be manu-
factured in the body. Vitamin D 
is obtained in the skin of man by 
the action of the sun. All other 
known vitamins must be taken into 
the body as parts of normal food. 
The animal organism, unfor-
tunately, does not have special 
storage organs for vitamins, so a 
fairly steady intake is necessary for 
good health. Scientists generally be-
lieve that a person cannot injure 
himself by taking moderate 
amounts of vitamins, even if these 
are in excess of his needs. Any ex-
cess appears to be eliminated 
through natural body functions. 
YOUR EDITOR SAYS 
(Continued from p. 4) 
mankind, the end of all things is 
at hand! 
But we would also remind our 
readers of the words of Isaiah 
the prophet when He wrote: 
"Strengthen ye the weak hands, 
and confirm the feeble knees. Say 
to them that are of a fearful heart, 
Be strong, fear not: behold, your 
God will come with vengeance, 
even God with a recompense; He 
will come and save you. Then the 
eyes of the blind shall be opened, 
and the ears of the deaf shall be 
unstopped. Then shall the lame 
man leap as a hart, and the tongue 
of the dumb sing: for in the wilder-
ness shall waters break out, and 
streams in the desert. And the 
parched ground shall become a 
pool, and the thirsty land springs 
of water: . . ." 
Let us each live daily in such a 
way that we may be ready for that 
great day so soon to come. 
17 
Photo by U.S.I.S. 
Even the loss of both arms and a leg has not discouraged this young 
Indian patient. 
18 
one time given two weeks to live 
because of a serious stomach ail-
ment. We all know to what high 
age this financial wizard lived. He 
too ploughed on, but he was sensi-
ble and moderate about it. 
In an airy cottage high up in 
the mountains a man was busily 
and happily engaged in woodcarv-
ing. All around him were samples 
of his craft—exquisite matchboxes, 
inkstands, bookstands, and numer-
ous other articles. These he sold to 
an exchange at fairly high prices. 
As he talked there was an unusual 
brightness in his eyes. 
He was still tubercular, he said, 
but felt much better in the clean, 
dry air amid the mountains and in 
doing the work he loved. 
"The medicos gave me up for 
dead fifteen years ago." he said 
with a wry smile. "But I'm still at 
it, even though they warned me the 
shavings weren't good for me. 
When I get tired of carving, my 
wife and I work the land, and 
there's a piece of change now and 
then from the nroduce of our little 
farm. We get by and we're happy 
in doing; that's what counts." 
This man's hobby was the mak-
ing of him. 
Tom, a man of fifty, suffered a 
shock ten years ago. This left him 
paralyzed in side and leg. For 
months he lay in anguish, a state 
of mind aggravated by a witless 
remark that were he to have 
another shock, that would be ,the 
end of him. 
However, as time wore on, the 
impact of that remark gradually 
lost its efficacy. Moreover, Tom, 
being a man of strong mind, resolv-
ed to take himself in hand. Some-
how the long and dreary winter 
passed. Through the windows came 
the spring sunshine. Outside the 
budding trees whispered of hope, 
and their message warmed him. 
In time Tom got better. His side 
and leg cried for movement, and 
those who loved Tom helped him. 
He got off the bed and learned to 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
READY 
TO 
QUIT ? 
SHIRLEY NELSON SIIUMAN 
I
N ONE of Tolstoy's books a 
hard-working farmer was once 
asked, "If you knew you had 
a short time to live, what would 
you do?" 
The farmer looked up for an 
instant from his ploughing. "Why 
—keep on ploughing, of course," 
he answered. 
That was a courageous attitude. 
How many of us, when faced with 
a similar situation, could respond 
in like manner? Yet there are some 
who, despite dire warnings by their 
doctors, plough on and somehow 
do escape the limits put on their 
life span. 
There is the example of the man 
who was told by his doctor that he 
had six months to live and that he 
could most profitably spend it by 
staying in bed. Despite his doctor's 
injunctions, he got up and had 
such a wonderful time travelling 
all over the world that he lived 
many years afterward to tell about 
it. 
John D. Rockefeller, Sr., was at 
shamble along. There was a new 
sparkle to his eyes, a new set to his 
chin. 
As the days went by, Tom learn-
ed to walk haltingly with a cane. 
His lips, that had been twisted, 
learned to smile, and he took a new 
lease on life. 
Today his photography takes 
prizes at exhibitions. An avid 
reader, he has developed a critic's 
attitude, which has netted him 
some rupees in writing an occasion-
al review for the periodicals. In 
summer his hobbies have extended 
to horticulture, a prize example of 
which are his gladioli. 
Yes, Tom has had another shock. 
His foot drags a little more. It is 
difficult for him to get up alone. 
It is difficult for him to walk un-
aided. But his wonderful spirit is 
still there. 
Another such is our friend Ann. 
This unfortunate woman of thirty-
odd summers has the progressive 
disease known as multiple sclerosis. 
Although chronically weak and in-
capable of moving her legs other 
than in jerky movements, she is a 
constant inspiration to her husband 
and children because of her sweet-
ness and fortitude. 
In the community she is sought 
after for her floral and fruit ar-
rangements. Other communities 
have recognized her unusual gift 
and have also patronized her. 
Doing good for others has left her 
little time to think of herself and 
her disease. 
If limits are put on our lives, let 
us calmly appraise them. Let our 
minds rule our bodies in a con-
structive way. With medical science 
to guide us, and the will to do, we 
may rise above those limits and live 
far beyond them. But first of all we 
must have faith in God, and then 
in ourselves. 
Where there's life, there's hope. 
Even in the last flicker of life, hope 
may be so strong that it may make 
a flame of it. 
And if there is no hope, as even 
in that deadly scourge, cancer? 
Bertha Andre, the concert singer 
from Oakland, California, met it 
by requesting the editor of a local 
newspaper to arrange for her to 
sing in the rotunda of Oakland's 
city hall—her farewell perform-
ance, she said. 
Given less than a year to live by 
her doctor, she sang before hun-
dreds of admirers. With a beaming 
smile on her face, she began 
Schubert's immortal melody: 
"Oh, listen to a maiden's prayer, 
for thou canst hear tho' from the 
wild, and thou canst save amidst 
despair. . . ." 
The audience listened with bated 
breath, and when she finished, 
many had tears in their eyes. The 
applause was deafening. 
When the crowd began dispers-
ing, Mrs. Andre sat down to discuss 
the wonderful events in her life. 
Then she said, "I might as well face 
it. It would do no good to do other-
wise. If God gives me a few more 
days or months to stay, it is to 
enjoy them and not to make 
others moan or weep." 
What a wonderful philosophy 
for all of us! 
Photo by R. Krishnan 
The farmer looked up for an instance from his ploughing, "Why, keep on ploughing, of course!" he answered. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1053 �
19 
The Doctor opened his bag.... 
AK ENRICHED WITH VITAMINS 
Patle's sweets were recently analysed 
by the Hoffmann-La Roche Laboratories 
in Switzerland and here is the Report :-
Vitamin Ell 
Vitamin B2 
Vitamin C 
LABORATORY REPORT 
Pail& 
SWEETS & TOFFEES 
0.17 mg. per ounce 
0.32 mg. per ounce 
6.00 mg. per ounce 
AND A COUPLE 
OF Rati4 SWEETS 
DROPPED OUT ! 
A doctor's time is 
not his own. He has often to 
skip a meal or have a sleepless night. 
He knows that Parle's sweets are 
rich in Glucose and have Vitamins 
added in good measure. Which is 
why he finds it necessary to enjoy 
a couple of Parle's sweets 
on his way to a visit. 
E. R. Squibb & Sons com- 
bines with leading U. S. 
manufacturer of Basic 
Chemicals 
Greatly enlarged facilities will in- 
crease scope and tempo of medical 
research 
E. R. Squibb & Sons, the inter-
nationally known manufacturers of 
ethical pharmaceuticals, has re-
cently combined with the Mathie-
son Chemical Corporation,, a 
major producer of industrial and 
agricultural chemicals and petro-
chemicals in the U. S. A. This 
combination has paved the way for 
an even greater development of 
research, manufacturing and mar-
keting facilities of both companies 
throughout the world. 
The policies and standards of 
the century-old firm of E. R. 
Squibb & Sons, will not only be 
carefully maintained but broad-
ened by the additional research 
facilities offered by the Mathieson 
Chemical Corporation. The pro-
ducts and the organization which 
have made Squibb a leader in the 
pharmaceutical field of research 
throughout the world will be 
continued and expanded. 
Co-operation of the broadened 
research facilities of both Squibb 
and Mathieson is expected to 
make available new specialities to 
the medical profession everywhere. 
Wherever possible, these will be 
manufactured locally. 
Since the end of World War II 
Squibb manufacturing facilities 
have been established locally in 
Mexico, Cuba, Colombia, Peru, 
Argentine, Uruguay, Brazil and in 
Europe and the Far East. 
Late in 1950 Squibb and Sara-
bhai Chemicals, Baroda, began a 
programme in India under which 
Sarabhai is now manufacturing an 
extensive line of Squibb Products, 
including antibiotics, vitamin pre-
parations and medical specialities. 
20 
One of the outstanding achieve-
ments of Squibb and Sarabhai was 
that they were the first in India to 
make available the dramatic new 
drug, Nydrazid, for the treatment 
of tuberculosis. Rigid control, em-
phasis on high standards of quality 
and the availability in India of the 
latest advancements in medical 
science to come out of the United 
States, are important features of 
the Sarabhai-Squibb programme. 
THE 37TH SWISS INDUSTRIES FAIR 
IN BASEL 
The 37th Industries Fair will he held 
in Basel from the 11th to 21st April, 
1953. More than 2,200 exhibitors cover 
an exhibition area of over 1,000,000 sq. 
feet and is rightfully considered one of 
the finest displays of the kind in Europe. 
The Fair will be a compact exhibit by 
17 industrial groups in 14 different halls 
and will present a panorama suggestive 
of the abundance and variety of Swiss 
industrial production, the keynote of 
which is highly specialized precision 
en gin eering- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
THE 
DOCTOR 
SAYS 
I. Thia question and answer service is free 
only to regular subscribers. 
2. No attempt will be made to treat disease 
nor to take the place of a regular -'ysician 
in caring for individual cases. 
3. All questions must be addressed to The 
Doct,. r Says. Correspondence personally with 
'he doctor is not available through this service. 
4 )uestions to which personal answers are 
desired must be accompanied by ADDRESSED 
AND STAMPED ENVELOPES. Answers cannot 
be expected under ONE MONTH. 
5. Questions sent in on Post Cards will not 
receive attention. 
6. Make questions short and to the point. 
Type them or write them very clearly. 
7. Questions and answers will be published 
only if they are of such a nature as to be of 
general interest and without objection, but no 
names will be published. Address "The Doctor 
Says," Oriental Watchman and Herald of 
Health, P. 0. Box 35, Poona 1. 
please suggest a remedy to stop or 
at least lessen the bleeding." 
Ans.—For your bleeding gums I 
would advise ascorbic acid tablets, 
50 milligrams three times daily with 
a good vitamin B complex tablet 
three times daily. 
INCREASE HEIGHT: Ques.— "I 
am eighteen years of age and am 
only 4 feet 101/2 inches tall. Is there 
any possibility of my growing any 
more?" 
Ans.—I am sorry, but as you are 
eighteen years of age further growth 
is probably impossible for at about 
eighteen the growth zones in the ends 
of the long bones disappear. 
Don't fret about being short for as 
someone has said, "Precious things 
come in small packages." Many of 
the world's great and gifted have 
been short. God will make up for 
your shortness with compensating 
blessings. 
2. What is the Hindi name of 
Psyllium Seed? 
3. The meaning of the phrase 
"for soft bulk"? 
4. What is Caroid? 
Ans.—One teaspoonful of dilute 
hydrochloric acid in at least half a 
glass of water sipped through a straw 
during each meal. If not sipped 
through a straw the acid may "eat" 
the teeth. 
I don't know the Hindi name of 
Psyllium seed. The expression "soft 
bulk" in connection with Psyllium 
seed describes what happens when 
the seed swells as it absorbs water. 
A large soft mass is formed which 
promotes bowel activity. Psyllium 
seed is obtained from a plant named 
Planta'go psyllium. If you cannot get 
psyllium seed I would suggest that 
you try agar-agar, which is prepared 
from sea weed. Take three teaspoons-
ful dissolved in water and followed 
with a full glass of water daily. 
"Caroid" is a trade name. 
LEUCODERMA: Ques.—"Please 
give me a good treatment for leuco- 
derma."
A is.---Treatment for leucoderma 
is not very satisfactory. Injections of 
oil of bouelti, into the involved skin 
is of some value. The patches may 
be masked by painting with a weak 
solution of walnut juice or with 
permanganate of potash 0.2 to 0.5 
per cent in water 
THE WAY TO REDUCE: Ques.—
"What must I do to reduce? What 
should be the quantity of food I 
should take? Are there any kind of 
tablets to curb the appetite?" 
Ans.—The way to reduce weight 
is to eat less. Few fat people are 
willing to pay this price as they love 
food very much. You should restrict 
yourself to a 1,500 calorie per day 
diet. 
Exercises are of value but you 
would have to hike many miles to 
lose one pound. The best exercise is 
to push back from the table after 
eating a small amount of food. 
There are some tablets that can 
be taken which will decrease the 
appetite. These, however, should be 
taken under a doctor's supervision. 
BLEEDING GUMS: Ques.—"My 
gums bleed profusely. Will you 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
ECZEMA AND HEADACHES: 
Ques.—"What causes eczema? Along 
with eczema I have been suffering 
with headaches. Are these two ail-
ments connected in any way?" 
Ans.—The condition formerly 
called eczema is now largely found to 
be a skin manifestation of a food 
allergy, usually some protein, but 
may also be associated with other 
types of foods. 
Finding and eliminating the irritat-
ing foods is the effective cure. You 
could try using an anti-allergic oint-
ment like Pyribenzamine cream. Take 
tablets of the same too and see if 
there is any change in the condition. 
The headache could also be a part 
of the same allergic picture. If so, 
the Pyribenzamine tablets would re-
lieve it. 
If it is due to digestive disorder, 
you may find a digestive like Liquor 
Diastase helpful. 
HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND 
PSYLLIUM SEED: Ques.—"With 
reference to your reply to the ques-
tion heading SLOW DIGESTION 
AND CONSTIPATION of Health 
September, 1952, would you please 
clarify the following: 
1. What dose of dilute hydro-
chloric acid should be taken? 
BURNING SENSATION: Ques.—
"For many years I have suffered 
with a burning sensation on the soles 
of my feet. Kindly suggest a remedy 
for this." 
Ans.—For the burning sensation 
in the soles of your feet I would 
suggest that you use two vitamin B 
complex tablets three times daily for 
two weeks. 
CLEAN TEETH: Ques.—"I can-
not get my teeth to look clean and 
white. I use good toothpaste and yet 
there is no improvement." 
Ans.—Have your teeth cleaned by 
a reputable dentist then keep them 
clean by brushing immediately after 
meals with a good brush and some 
good toothpaste. 
LACK OF CONCENTRATION: 
Ques.—"I find it very difficult to 
concentrate. What may I do to im-
prove?" 
Ans.—The best plan is to select 
subjects for short period concentra-
tion and gradually train your mind 
to give attention to the subject in 
hand. You will need to make it a 
business to train your attention on 
what you want to accomplish. 
(Continued on p. 28) 
21 
CARE OF THE 
BABY 
H. C. MENKEL, M.D. 
F POSSIBLE your baby should 
be fed mother's milk. A baby 
nursed by his mother has ten 
fines the chance of living over one 
that is fed cow's milk or any other 
substitute. 
The baby should be fed regularly. 
From birth to four or five months, 
nurse baby every three hours (6. 9, 
12, 3, 6. 10) and only once during 
the night if he wakes. 
After four or five months, nurse 
every four hours at 6, 10, 2, 6, 10. 
Be sure to nurse your child five times 
every twenty-four hours or your milk 
will get steadily less. 
Each nursing should take from ten 
to fifteen minutes, not more than 
twenty. Use one breast at one feed-
ing, and the other at the next. If the 
milk is scanty use both breasts seven 
to ten minutes each. 
Wash the nipples with boiled water 
before and after each feeding. Baby's 
tongue may be washed occasionally 
with cotton. 
Hold baby upright against shoulder 
after feeding until he passes gas, then 
lay him down. 
Do not play with baby after nurs-
ing. let him sleep. Never nurse him 
just because he cries. Regular feed-
ing followed by sleep will tend to 
prevent indigestion. 
Between feedings give baby one 
ounce of warm water. No sugar. Not 
more than four ounces of water a 
day. Only boiled water should be 
used. 
Have baby watched by a doctor so 
that you may know that he is doing 
well. If he does not gain properly 
and regularly, the doctor will tell you 
what to do. Do not wean him unless 
told to do so by the doctor. 
The baby should sleep twenty-one 
hours out of twenty-four. for sleep is 
necessary for the proper development 
of a young baby. Never waken baby 
to show him to your friends. Your 
baby's growth and health are more 
22 
important than your friends' amuse-
ment or praise. Change the clothing 
at night. 
Fresh Air 
A baby should sleep alone in crib, 
carriage or basket. He does not need 
rocking or handling except to keep 
him clean and make him comfortable. 
The open air is the best place for 
the crib or carriage. At the end of 
the first month in mild weather, or 
at the end of the second month in 
winter, the baby should be outdoors 
as much as possible. Park air is bet-
ter than street air. Protect head from 
sun. 
Through winter and summer nights 
the crib should be in a room with 
open windows, and the baby protect-
ed from cold and draft by soft, warm, 
and light blankets, well pinned so 
he cannot kick them off. Sunlight is 
important for every baby. It makes 
the bones grow strong and straight. 
Let the sun shine directly on baby's 
arms, legs and back, part of every 
day. 
Cleanliness 
Every day in a warm room, the 
baby should be gently sponged with 
a piece of gauze wet with warm 
water and castile soap. Wash and 
dry one part at a time and keep the 
rest of the body covered. 
A tub bath can be given as soon as 
the navel is healed and dry. 
Powder is unnecessary except in 
the folds of the skin and about the 
genitals. Do not use powder unless 
ordered by the doctor. Only a mild 
unscented talc should be used. Do 
not let the baby play with the powder 
box, as he may breathe in the powder. 
Do not touch the baby's cord or 
allow your neighbours to do so. It 
should he carefully dressed each day 
by the doctor. nurse or midwife. 
Get the doctor or nurse to show 
you how to wash the genitals. 
Wash the hair daily and smooth it 
with a soft brush. Applying albolene 
or oil to the scalp each day prevents 
"cradle cap." 
Keep the finger nails clean and cut 
them so that they are rounded at the 
end. 
Clothing 
Clothe the baby with warm. loose, 
soft and easily removed garments. 
A band is necessary as long as a 
cord dressing is used. and if used 
should be of flannel and must ho kept 
loose and big enough to extend from 
the thighs to the armpits. 
The undershirts should he of wool 
and silk, or cotton and silk. Petticoat 
of flannelette or baby flannel, made 
open down the hack from neck to 
hem and fastened with tapes. 
Diapers should he of soft hemmed 
cotton diapering. They should always 
be washed after use and rough dried. 
The kimona slip may be made of 
either flannelette or thin white 
material made open down hack from 
neck to hem and fastened with tapes. 
Take off most of the clothing in 
hot weather. 
Have the clothing not too long or 
tight. Let the baby kick and roll and 
creep. if he wants to. Exercise will 
help him to grow. 
Habits 
Do not allow the use of pacifiers, 
rings or toys for sucking. They 
spread disease and spoil the shape of 
the mouth and chin. 
Before the third month, begin to 
train the baby in the use of a small 
bowl or chamber in emptying the 
bladder and bowels. The best time 
for this is after the first morning 
feeding. 
The Feeding of Children 
Careful feeding in childhood lays 
the foundation for good health in 
(Continued on p. 25) 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
HOMEMAKERS' HELPS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
f 
THE STUDENTS' GUIDE 
NOTE-TAKING 
 
 
T
HERE are a number of 
reasons why you should take 
notes. if you take notes you 
will develop the skill of searching out 
the main points. Writing the import-
ant ideas down helps to impress diem 
upon your memory. Having noted 
down the important points in a given 
section, review is made easy and 
rapid. By taking a few good concise 
notes of some material found in a 
dependable magazine or book you 
will have at your command valuable 
points to use later when you may not 
have that particular book or maga-
zine readily available. There may be 
volumes that are unobtainable. You 
still may have the main points they 
contain if you will take good notes. 
In listening to spoken discussions or 
lectures, note-taking may be your 
only means of obtaining in permanent 
form the high-lights of the hour. 
In note-taking as in outlining, a 
good standard system is necessary. 
Lew Sarett says that "a hit-or-miss 
jotting down of quotations in a 
bound notebook is a popular way of 
arduously getting nowhere." You 
want every effort to yield returns. Let 
us therefore give heed to the follow-
ing suggestions. 
First we shall discuss formal note-
taking. Later we intend to consider 
various forms of informal notation. 
Remember—taking notes helps you 
to remember what you see, hear, read, 
think, or do. 
The following rules for formal 
note-taking are good ones: 
1. Use cards (3 x 5 inches is a 
good size for notes in longhand), or 
loose-leaf notebooks, and write on 
one side only. 
2. Head each card with a single 
caption which summarizes the text 
of the note, and on each card deal 
with one sub-topic only. 
3. Select those words which have 
the most direct hearing on the 
subject and underline them. 
4. If at all possible, quote from 
the original source. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN. APRIL 1953 
PART I 
5. Do not postpone recording the 
source. Note that immediately. If 
you omit anything use a series of 
dots, thus .... to show the omission. 
If you desire to insert some of your 
own words into the quotation you 
must enclose them within brackets. 
6. Use any abbreviations you wish 
that will really save time. 
You will see from the above that 
each card will logically be divided 
into three sections. Each section 
contains a different portion of the 
information you are recording. In 
the upper left-hand corner you 
should place some identifying 
word or phrase giving the general 
subject matter of the card. This 
identifying word or phrase is called 
"the slug." Across from the slug, in 
the upper right-hand corner the 
source from which the material was 
quoted should be placed. Some 
authors prefer, however, to provide 
a space at the bottom of the card 
for the source. It is generally con-
ceded that the source is more readily 
recognized if recorded in the upper 
right-hand corner as we have sug-
gested. Especially is this true if you 
keep your cards in some sort of 
file. The third section of the card 
contains the quotation or note based 
on the subject matter. Direct quota-
tions are always to be prefered to 
personal versions of what the author 
or speaker said. 
We suggested you might use a 
A 
loose-leaf notebook for your notes. 
In such case, only one subject may 
be listed on a page and the indi-
vidual sources of the various notes 
must be very accurateiy tabulated 
to show which note belongs to which 
source. For all practical purposes 
you will find the card system pre-
ferable. 
Having compiled your notes on 
cards it is possible for you to gather 
all the cards dealing with the sub-
ject under discussion and lay them 
out on the desk before you. Then 
by giving them a little study you can 
readily arrange them according to 
main topics, sub-topics, and sub-sub-
topics and so reconstruct an outline 
with some of the more choice por-
tions already attached to the bones. 
The above discussion deals more 
d'rectly with the research problems 
that may be assigned to you during 
your college course or that you may 
meet in ordinary life. Most note-tak-
ing is done to help us to remember 
something later on. 
Before we leave the formal note-
taking and go on to the informal it 
might be well to suggest that if you 
are taking a series of notes from one 
source, you should give the full title 
of the source on the first card of the 
series and then number each succeed-
ing card serially with some short 
abbreviation of the source title. 
Sometimes the first letter of each 
major word in the title followcd by 
a dash and the first letter of the 
author's name is used. But you 
can work out your own system. 
Some teachers recommend that 
their pupils do not mark up their 
text books. That is generally due to 
the fact that many students are so 
foolish as to try to sell their texts as 
soon as they have completed the 
courses in which they were used. Your 
text hooks will be some of your most 
valued possessions in later life. if 
you will but use them intelligently 
(Continued on p. 29) 
23 
DRAWING IS FUN 
Grace Fields 
M
ANY glib things have been 
written about how "Anyone 
can draw," "If you can hold 
a pencil, you can draw," "Drawing 
is easy, as easy as writing." Frankly, 
we hold these to be oversimplifica-
tions, but there is something to be 
said for drawing by us commoners. 
We think Andrew Loomis said it: 
"Most folks love to draw even when 
they know little about it. . . . Because 
it's so much fun, and so easy, it's 
a shame not to be able to do it 
better." Therein lies our excuse for 
holding forth this month for draw-
ing. 
Drawing has not so much to do 
with the pencil as with the eye. It is 
easy to teach yourself to draw if you 
first teach yourself to see. Actually, 
most of us already have reasonable 
skill with a pencil—we've been taught 
to use one for years. So, actually, 
drawing requires just a bit of extra 
eye-hand co-ordination. 
In setting about to get our eyes 
skilled enough to team up with our 
hands, we discover that we have lazy 
eyes. When we look at our friends 
we know them from one another with. 
out the aid of any other sense than 
sight, but how many of us can say in 
just what respect they differ? Which 
faces are round, which are oval, 
which are egg shaped? If you can 
analyze those differences, you're well 
started toward being able to put 
reasonable facsimiles of those people 
down on paper. 
We look out the window and see 
that it has been raining, but exactly 
how does the front walk look that 
makes you know it's wet? Train 
yourself to make a mental note of 
24 
the visual appearance of the things 
you see. \ hat makes clouds look 
light and fluffy? What makes fog 
look different from smoke? 
In the course of this business of 
really seeing things, we come to the 
matter of light and dark. Light strik-
ing an object divides it into two 
parts, or areas—the lighted area and 
the shadow area. Remember, the half 
tones, the delicately shaded parts of 
the lighted area, are parts of the 
light. Watch for them. 
Now, a bit about equipment. To 
begin with, you don't actually need 
any at all. You can use your regular 
lead pencil and whatever paper you 
have. 
But if you want to feel that you 
have a full stature, self-respecting 
hobby, get yourself a drawing board 
of light wood (20 by 26 inches is a 
recommended size), a box of thumb-
tacks to fasten the paper, and—the 
handiest bits of equipment of all—
a T square and two transparent tri-
angles, one 45 degrees and one 30 by 
60 degrees. 
Actually it's the T square and 
triangles that take you out of that 
category of people who, when draw-
ing is mentioned, always gasp, "Why, 
I can't even draw a straight line." 
With these tools you can draw 
straight lines whenever and wherever. 
To be realistic, you'll need erasers 
—a pencil eraser and a kneaded 
eraser. And, of course, pencils. You'll 
find a great range of hardness and 
softness in pencils. Don't be confused. 
Just look confidently into the eyes 
of the salesperson and say you'll have 
a 2H, an HB, and a 413. That will 
give you plenty of variety, and you 
won't be cumbered with too many 
tools. Stick to these same pencils for 
a while. It's important that you get 
used to them and know what each 
of them will do. 
Paper. If you had the idea that 
paper is just paper, prepare for new 
joys. There are many wonderfully 
different varieties, each with a de- 
lightful, individual texture. Feel every 
kind of paper, try out your pencils on 
as many kinds as you can. You'll 
get so you choose your paper like a 
connoisseur. Meantime, for pencil 
work a smooth hard-surfaced paper 
is good (it will stand lots of erasing 
and correcting). Also along the paper 
line you'll want a sketching pad of 
the largest size to be carried easily 
in pocket or purse. Take it and your 
three pencils wherever you go, and 
briefly sketch things you see that 
interest you. This is glorified doodl- 
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Telephone: 3516 
Telegrams: "AUTONEM" 
ing. From these sketches you'll de-
velop larger, finished drawings. 
At this point we should give you 
a line-by-line lesson in drawing a 
tumbler, a man's head, or some other 
convincing creation—but space has 
a way of disappearing. It's done it 
again! 
If you have come along this far 
just for fun, we strongly recommend 
that you keep going with our good 
friend "Andy" Loomis. His book 
Fun With a Pencil will give you the 
time of your life. Hilariously, he 
begins, "All you need to know to 
start this book is how to draw a 
circle. . . . And it can be as lopsided 
as the family budget, and still work 
out." He proves it too. 
So if you draw designs on tele-
phone books, have the urge to draw 
mustaches on the people in bus ads, 
or draw on tablecloths (shame on 
you), give your drawing urge a 
whirl—you're going to have fun! 
THE ORIENTAL. WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
"I know 
Lux Toilet Soap makes 
your skin lovelier" 
says 
"I love the fragrance 
this pure white soap 
leaves on my skin," 
says Smriti Biswas. "For 
glowing skin beauty, do 
as I do, give your skin 
daily care with Lux 
Toilet Soap." 
ti 
LUX 
TOILET SOAP 
THE BEAUTY SOAP 
OF THE FILM STARS 
LTS. 370-X30 
so FRAGL/Atz. 
so wurrE., s 
25 
CARE OF THE BABY 
(Continued from p. 22) 
later life. Much can be accomplished 
by proper feeding during the de-
veloping years to obtain good results 
not only in a physical way, but in 
character building—a higher intel-
lectual, moral, and spiritual develop. 
ment. 
Children who have been taught to 
form the habits of eating wholesome 
foods at regular hours are laying a 
physical foundation that will protect 
them from being subject to every 
disease germ that comes their way. 
When infants are fed artificially, use 
only sterilized milk as it is more 
easily digested than in its raw state, 
and, too, raw milk may introduce 
harmful germs into the digestive tract 
causing more or less bowel disorders. 
As a precaution, when feeding steril-
ized (boiled or pasteurized) milk, 
against nutritional disturbances, such 
as rickets, eczema and scurvy, 
introduce orange juice into the diet, 
or if oranges are not obtainable, the 
juice of boiled tomato, or sweet limes 
is used with the same benefit. An 
ounce of juice daily is necessary to 
make up the loss of vitamins sustain-
ed through sterilizing the milk. The 
juice should not be given during the 
feeding of the milk, but a half hour 
before the feeding is due. Divide the 
juice into three portions, dilute with 
boiled water and feed a portion of 
it in the morning, the other in the 
afternoon. An infant of one month 
can begin to take a teaspoonful of 
orange juice. 
When a child is about four months 
old gradually include in his diet 
vegetable soups and vegetable purees 
strained; a well cooked porridge 
soojee; yolk of egg beaten up in a 
little milk, and a bit of hard toast. 
Milk is an important food all 
through the growing period, four 
cupfuls a day is not too much for 
each child, but if this quantity is not 
available, supplement with soups, rich 
in vitamins, made from vegetables. 
First wash them thoroughly, then cut 
up, allowing the skins of carrots and 
potatoes to remain on, add a leaf 
vegetable as beetroot tops or celery 
tops, mustard greens, lettuce leaves, 
a little red skinned onion, peas and 
tomatoes. All of the above mentioned 
vegetables need not be used in the 
same soup, but can be varied, making 
a number of delicious soups. For 
young children the strained soup or 
broth is the best, adding milk, and a 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
very little cream but no butter. 
Do not make the mistake of adding 
sugar to the milk and porridge dish, 
to encourage the child to eat it, 
rather add a few sultanas or chopped 
dates to sweeten the porridge, if the 
child is old enough to use such fruits. 
A little date puree or prune fluff is 
acceptable with milk and soojee, or 
milk and rice. Too much sugar is 
harmful at any time, and when eaten 
as sweets combined with ghee it not 
only causes digestive disorders but 
favours catarrhal conditions, frequent 
colds and throat troubles. Give the 
child a good supply of nourishing 
food containing an ample amount of 
protein as the body demands are 
great during the growing period. 
Encourage water drinking. 
Important Food nutrients . • • 
WHEN 
YOU NEED THEM 
WHY 
YOU NEED THEM 
WHERE 
YOU FIND THEM 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater when body is very 
active. 
For energy, for providing heat 
to maintain budy temperature, 
to spare body proteins. 
CARBOHYDRATES 
In starches—cereals, breads, crackers, 
flour, potatoes, segetabies, spaghetti, 
macaroni, rice, noodles, and dried beans. 
In sugars—sugars, molasses, fruits, honey 
and syrups. 
PROTEINS 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater tor growing children, 
pregnant women and nursing 
mothers; also after wasting 
diseases when tissues need to 
be repaired. 
For building new tissues, re-
pairing and maintaining ma-
ture body tissues, Inc building 
and repairing muscles, for 
energy and for carrying min-
erals and vitamins. 
In eggs, cheese, milk, nuts, peanuts, 
yeast, beans, peas, dahl, whole grain 
cereals and soybean products. 
FATS 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater when body is very 
active. 
For essential fatty acids, for 
energy, to spare body pro-
tein.s, for providing heat to 
maintain body temperature 
and for carriers of vitamins 
A, D. 
In butter, lard, margarine, shortening, 
Negetatue oils, salad on, salad oressmg, 
meat nits, cream, cheese, nuts, chocolate 
and legumes. 
CALCIUM 
"Throughout life. Need is 
greater during Infancy, periods 
of giuwth, tor pregnant 
women and nursing mothers. 
For building and maintaining 
strong bunt's and teem, 'or 
brood-clotting, for normal 
muscular activity, for regu-
lating heart beat, for utiliza-
tion of other minerals. 
In milk, cheese, egg yolk, green leafy 
vegetables, molasses, amonds, E.zzil 
nuts, soybean products and dried bons. 
VITAMIN A 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during fever, rapid 
growth, general infection, for 
pregnant women and nursing 
mothers. 
For growth, for maintenance 
of accurate vision especially 
in dim light, for formation 
and maintenance of good 
teeth. bones, skin and nerves, 
for healthy mucous mem-
branes, for guarding against 
infections. 
In milk, eggs, butter, fortified margarine, 
cream, fish liver oils, green and yellow 
vegetables, red tomatoes and yellow 
fruits. 
THIAMIN 
Vitamin Br 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during infancy, for 
pregnant women and nursi..g 
mothers, childhood and in-
creases with increased amount 
of carbohydrate in the diet. 
For efficient use of carbohy- 
drates, �
for �
appetite, �
for 
growth, for good digestion, 
for normal functioning of 
nerves and intestinal tract. 
for prevention and cure of 
beriberi. 
In milk, potatoes green vegetables, beans, 
peas, dahl, peanuts whole grain cereals, 
whole grain or enriched flour, bread, soy-
bean products, yeast and wheat germ. 
VITAMIN D 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during infancy, periods 
of growth, for pregnant 
women and nursing mothers. 
For building and maintaining 
strong bones and teeth, for 
preventing rickets in infants 
and softening of bones in 
adults, for good grow h. for 
efficient utilization of calcium 
and phosphorus. 
In fish liver oil, butter, eggs, irradiated 
evaporated milk, vitamin D enriched 
milk and sunshine. 
VITAMIN K 
Need is greater during in-
fancy and for pregnant 
women. 
For normal function of the 
liver, for proper clotting of 
the blood. 
Alfalfa, spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, 
carrot tops, soybean oil and tomatoes. 
26 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
PHOSPHORUS 
IRON 
COPPER 
In eggs, milk, cheese, beans, peas, dahl, 
soybean products and whole Frain 
cereals. 
In eggs, green vegetables, leafy vege-
tables, daht, dried fruits, whole grain 
cereals, whole wheat or enriched flour 
and bread, molasses, legumes, soybean 
products and yeast. 
In leafy vegetables, legumes and root 
vegetables, molasses, chocolate, cocoa, 
whole grain cereals, fruits, nuts, cur-
rants. 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during periods of 
growth, for pregnant women 
and nursing mothers. 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during infancy, adoles-
cence, for pregnant women 
and nursing mothers. 
Throughout life. More is re-
quired for pregnant women 
arid nursing mothers. 
For building and maintaining 
strong bones and teeth, for 
body cell structure especially 
the cells or the bran nerves 
and muscles. Present in all 
living cells. 
For building and maintaining 
blood, for activities of all 
body cells. 
For utilization of iron and 
formation of hemoglobin. 
Throughout life. Need is 
relatively greater during peri- 
ods �
of rapid grow di, for 
pregnant women and nursing 
mothers. �
Increases �
with 
greater body activity, higher 
caloric intake. 
Throughout life. Need is 
greater during infancy, child-
hood, for pregnant women and 
nursing mothers, and diseases 
in which high temperature oc-
curs. 
For growth, general health 
and vita.ity, health of eyes, 
hair, skin, digestive and 
nervous systems, for chemical 
processes in all body cells. 
For growth and maintenance 
of good teeth and bones for 
healthy gums, for improdng 
resistance to certain infec-
tions, for strong body cells 
and capillary blood vessels, 
for preventing and curing 
scurvy. 
RIBOFLAVIN 
(Formerly called 
vitamin Es or G) 
VITAMIN C 
In milk, cheese, whole grain cereals, 
yellow, red and green vegetables, yeast, 
some fruits, especially dried apricots, 
prunes, dried beans and soybean products. 
In citrus and other fruits; berries, melons, 
tomatoes and vegetables especial!): raw, 
and potatoes cooked in their skins. 
NIACIN 
(A "B" vitamin. 
Formerly called 
nicotinic acid.) 
In dried peas and beans, wheat germ, 
eggs, whole grain cereals, red. yellow and 
green leafy vegetables, dried apricots, 
prunes, peanut products, yeast, soybean 
products, milk and cheese. 
Throughout life. 
Need 
is 
relatively greater for pregnant 
women and nursing mo.hers, 
and increases with increased 
physical activity. 
For healthy nervous system, 
for normal functioning of di-
gestive system an aid for the 
prevention of pellagra and for 
healthy skin. 
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What Makes a Happy Family? 
The Family Enterprise 
The family is a co-operative effort 
in which father, mother, brother, and 
sister all have an active interest and 
responsibility. It is the primary duty 
of everyone in the family to see that 
the family succeeds. 
Ingredient of Affection 
No family can get along without 
this ingredient. A family without 
affection is a trap in whose jaws 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, Aeltil, 1953 
each is caught every time he goes 
home, and everyone in that trap 
wants to get out just as soon as he 
can. General affection is easily 
generated in a family if there is 
affection between father and mother. 
Kindly Cheerfulness 
It means so much in a family if 
the children are not crabbing and 
saying nasty things to each other. If 
the parents do not engage in this 
nefarious activity, the children can 
be taught not to. If the parents are 
continuously pleasant and cheerful to 
each other, then it can be a family 
rule that no one is to be nasty or 
mean to anyone else. 
Reasonable, Yet Pleasant Discipline 
Unhappy parents probably won't 
believe this, but in a happy family 
there isn't much call for discipline. 
Unhappy children are usually mis-
behaving children. If you provide 
for them a happy, pleasant atmo-
sphere, two-thirds of your disciplin-
ary problems disappear.—Science 
Digest. 
27 
DR. SAYS 
(Continued from p. 21) 
9 
BRONCHIECTASIS: Q u e s.—
"What is bronchiectasis? What 
causes it and how may it be cured?" 
Ans.—There is a condition of the 
lungs called bronchiectasis, in which 
small sacks or pockets form as 
dilations of the bronchial tubes. 
These pockets fill with mucous 
secretions and pus. There usually is 
much coughing and raising of grey 
or yellow foul-smelling matter from 
the lungs. 
A person having this condition 
should learn how to assume a posi-
tion with head and chest down and 
remainder of the body up so as to 
facilitate drainage of the pus-filled 
bags in the lungs. 
In such a condition the exercise 
of standing on one's head would be 
helpful. However, for most people it 
would be easier learning to hang the 
head down by hooking the knees 
over a bar or trapeze. 
GRINDING TEETH: Ques.—"My 
child keeps grinding his teeth all the 
time. What is the cause?" 
Ans.—Grinding teeth is one of 
those habits for which there is no 
known cause. There have been 
various suggestions as worms, indi-
gestion, and others. However, there 
are many children who grind their 
teeth but have none of these 
supposed causes. The habit usually 
clears by itself. 
CEREAL COFFEE: Ques.—"Will 
you please recommend to me some 
good beverage that could be taken 
with no harm done to the body." 
Ans.—The best beverages are milk, 
vegetable and fruit juices. However, 
you could prepare your own cereal 
coffee by roasting, to a caramel 
stage, bran, soy beans, wheat, figs, 
honey and black molasses. A little 
proctice will enable you to toast the 
cereals together and the molasses and 
honey separately so as to develop the 
flavour you prefer. You can toast the 
cereals in an oven. While the cara-
melization of the molasses is better 
done in a pan separately. 
9 
ROUNDWORMS: Ques.—"M y 
friend has roundworms. He is having 
treatment but so far has found no 
relief. Please prescribe some treat-
ment." 
Ans.—For roundworms I would 
advise your friend to see a reputable 
physician who would supervise the 
treatment which is dangerous for a 
non-medical person to take on his 
own. I would advise him to have a 
careful examination made of his 
stool as he may have an infection by 
amoeba. 
9 
MOLES: Ques.—"I have several 
moles on my face. Is there any way 
to remove these?" 
Ans.—The moles can be removed 
surgically and should be done by a 
well qualified surgeon as moles im-
properly and incompletely removed 
may develop into cancers. 
dho baby is a haply baby 
Babies thrive and progress on Glaxo—it is all they need for 
steady growth. Glaxo is the purest milk food available ... 
specially prepared for use in tropical countries. Glaxo is 
untouched by hand and fortified with vitamin D and iron to 
protect against rickets and anaemia. 
ehe Aerfect 4a4s food 
At six months you can start giving baby his first 
solid food—Farex with milk and sugar tastes delicious 
and is easy to digest. Farex is now on sale in India. 
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28 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
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NOTE-TAKING 
(Continued from p. 23) 
and keep them. They will be doubly 
valuable if you follow the practice 
of most real scholars by using one 
or the other of two systems of mark-
ing your books. You may find that a 
combination of the two systems will 
be helpful at times. Any notes placed 
in your books, or note-taking done 
in your books should be done neatly 
with the thought of preserving the 
value of the book for future refer-
ence. When you underscore, under-
score neatly. When you write 
short notes or references in the 
margins, do the work neatly and 
very accurately. Use pencil, or 
coloured pencil as you prefer. If you 
use regular lead pencil, you will find 
that a so-called hard lead pencil is 
best. Soft pencils will smudge in 
time. But, in the use of your pencils, 
lead or coloured, again, be uniform. 
Do not use ink. You will understand 
why later. 
The most common and popular 
method of informal note-taking is 
known as underscoring. It is the 
speediest of all methods of note- 
taking. However, the value of this 
method will be determined to a 
great extent by the method the 
author followed. Underscoring in 
some books will become a veritable 
outline. In other books, where much 
incidental matter is thrown in, the 
underscoring plan is not so practi-
cal. 
(To be concluded next month) 
L. J. L. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
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THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
ORIENTAL WATCHMAN 
APRIL �
SUPPLEMENT �
1953 
T
HE most disturbing element in 
the present world situation is 
its uncertainty. The wisest 
statesmen seem not to have the re-
motest idea where we are going. 
Many of them have scornfully turned 
their backs upon the experience of 
the ages, and have launched out into 
whirlpools of dangerous experimenta-
tion. 
Amid all this confusion, however, 
the child of God may be at peace. 
He understands that there is nothing 
haphazard about his life, for God is 
guiding and directing in every ex-
perience. 
If God asks us to strike our tent 
and move it yonder, it is because 
out yonder there is a higher possibili-
ty, a more glorious outlook, a more 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
perfect sphere of service. All these 
possibilities and advantages will not 
be seen at first, but God's eye is 
always on the consummation. He 
moves His people step by step, at the 
right moment, in the right way, al-
ways onward and upward to a glori-
ous, predetermined goal. 
I know of no more comprehensive 
and exquisite statement of this great 
truth than that contained in the fol-
lowing passage: 
"For the Lord's portion is His 
people; Jacob is the lot of His in-
heritance. He found him in a desert 
land, and in the waste howling 
wilderness; He led him about, He 
instructed him, He kept him as the 
apple of His eye. As an eagle stirreth 
up her nest, fluttereth over her young, 
spreadeth abroad her wings, taketh 
them, beareth them on her wings; 
so the Lord alone did lead him." 
Deuteronomy 32:9-12. 
Here is a wonderful figure. Do not 
overlook its teaching. God's portion 
is His people. He found them "in the 
waste howling wilderness." He com-
passed them about, then dealt with 
them as an eagle deals with her 
young. 
Eagles are accustomed to making 
their nests on high, inaccessible pin-
nacles of rock, where beasts of prey 
cannot disturb them. In making their 
nests they choose strange materials, 
brambles, thorns, briers. And they 
see to it that, in shaping these into 
a nest, the thorns turn inward. 
Then they cover these thorns with 
wool and other soft materials. Here 
the mother eagle lays her eggs. Here 
she hatches her young. When the 
time comes for the eaglets to learn 
to fly, the mother eagle reaches into 
the nest and pulls out the soft cover-
ing of the thorns. Home thus becomes 
unbearable. No comfortable place can 
31 
Site .eeading 
al the 
Rand 
CARLYLE B. HAYNES 
be found in it any more. Then when 
the right time comes, the mother 
eagle sets the eaglets on the edge of 
the nest, sweeps them off with her 
wing, and watches them flutter down 
toward the rocks below. 
The eaglets have never been in the 
air before. Is not the mother cruel? 
Why has she dealt with them in such 
a fashion? Watch her and you will 
understand. As long as you watch the 
falling eaglets you will miss the point. 
Keep your eye on the eagle. 
She "spreadeth abroad her wings, 
taketh them, beareth them on her 
wings." The eaglets are falling, strug-
gling. But the mother eagle knows 
what she is doing. When it seems 
that they are going to be dashed in 
pieces on the rocks below, she sweeps 
down, catches them on her wings, 
bears them up, and deposits them 
again in the nest. 
What is she doing? She is teach-
ing them to fly. Again and again she 
goes through this procedure. Each 
time the eaglets struggle, but not so 
helplessly. Always as they fall she 
catches them. 
That is a divinely inspired picture 
of how God deals with you and me. 
Perhaps He has been stirring up your 
nest and you find yourself projected 
into elements new and strange. Very 
well, watch Him. He is not lost in 
that element. -He spreads out the 
wings of His omnipotence, comes 
beneath you, catches you. You may 
have thought that when He flung you 
out of your comfortable nest He was 
unkind and unloving. Not at all. He 
was teaching you to fly, that you 
might "mount up with wings as 
eagles." He was teaching you to use 
the gifts and talents He has given 
you and which you cannot use so 
long as you remain in the nest. 
There is purpose in the mother 
eagle. What is it? Flight, sunward. 
There is purpose in God for you. 
Flight, sunward, heavenward, God-
ward. If you stay in the nest you will 
never get anywhere. 
So God comes into your life, dis-
turbs it, breaks up your plans, ex-
tinguishes your hopes, breaks off 
your education, precipitates you into 
a new situation and the light goes 
out. What for? That He may catch 
you on His wings and teach you the 
secret forces of your life and lead 
you to higher development, higher 
purposes. You see, you are going 
somewhere, and He would have you 
on your way. He is getting you ready 
(Continued on p. 34) 
32 
OMEONE may ask the ques- 
tion, "What is the value of 
archaeology in relation to the 
Bible, anyway?" The answer is two-
fold. First, it has often illuminated 
passages of the Bible that have long 
puzzled the commentators. Secondly, 
it has confirmed countless passages 
that have been thought by some to 
be unhistorical. Always it has upheld 
the sacred Scriptures. 
For instance, critics and sceptics 
have said that the accounts of 
Abraham are legendary; that the 
Mosaic legislation was formulated 
hundreds of years after the time of 
Moses; that such people as the Hitti-
tes never existed; that the book of 
Judges is made up of some good 
stories, not historical accounts; that 
various people mentioned in the 
Bible, such as Sargon and Sanballat, 
were legendary. But archeological 
discoveries have produced proof that 
all these charges are wrong. The 
Bible has been proved absolutely 
trustworthy from a scientific stand-
point. 
In its story of Abraham the Bible 
states that he went down to Egypt 
about 2,000 B.C. Genesis 12:10-20. 
Yet some critics, basing their state-
ments upon the Greek historian Dio-
dorus, claim that Egypt was not open 
to strangers until about the seventh 
century B.C. However, archaeologists 
have discovered a tomb at Beni Hasan 
in Egypt which dates from about 
2,000 B.C., and on its walls is a 
picture showing thirty-seven tribes-
men who had come from Palestine to 
trade with the ruler of the Egyptians. 
The Bible has a great deal to say 
about Abraham, and it is interesting 
to know that the name of Abraham 
has been found on clay tablets. In 
Genesis 12:10 we read, "Abraham 
went down into Egypt." In verse 16 
it says that he had sheep and oxen 
and asses and menservants and maid-
servants and camels. But the critics 
have set this all aside as error. They 
have said that there were no camels 
in Egypt until long after the time of 
Abraham. Yet not long ago archaeolo-
gists actually dug up statues of 
camels. They discovered rock carv-
ings and drawings of camels. Next 
they found camel bones and a camel's 
skull. 
In Genesis 14 we read of the kings 
of Mesopotamia who came to fight 
against the kings of Sodom and 
Gomorrah. They won the victory and 
captured, along with others, Lot, 
Abraham's nephew. The Bible record 
says that Abraham pursued the army 
and recovered Lot. Some critics have 
denied this, saying that in those days 
there was no extensive travel across 
those stretches of desert as indicated 
in this military expedition. But some 
clay tablets have been discovered 
right in that territory—in the ancient 
city of Mari—which contain, among 
other things, a contract stipulating 
that a wagon is rented on condition 
that it should not be driven over to 
the Mediterranean coast. This shows 
that in the days of Abraham, not only 
did people travel, but they drove 
wagons back and forth over those 
hundreds of miles. 
In the sixteenth chapter of Genesis 
we read how Sarah, Abraham's wife, 
gave Abraham a secondary wife, 
Hagar, in order that a son might be 
born to fulfil the prophecy. This was 
not according to God's will. Sarah 
and Abraham were running ahead of 
the Lord. Archaeological discoveries 
have shown that this was a custom 
at that time. The Code of Hammurabi 
indicates that in Babylon a wife 
might give a servant girl to her 
husband as a secondary wife in order 
to bear him children. 
In the twenty-third chapter of 
Genesis we read of the death of 
Sarah. On this occasion Abraham 
purchased a cave—the cave of Mach-
pelah—at Hebron. When Abraham 
paid for it, he weighed out four 
hundred shekels of silver, as we read 
in verse 23. This shows that money 
was measured by weight in those 
days. Archaeological discoveries have 
shown that coinage did not begin 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
Site 53i6ee and 
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The wonderful discoveries of modern archaeology sustain the 
Bible records and show us that we can depend upon the 
accuracy of God's Holy Word. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
until about 700 B.C., probably de-
veloped first by the Lydians in Asia 
Minor. So we find that archaeology 
sustains the scriptural statements. 
In Genesis 24:10 we read of the 
city of Nahor, to which Abraham 
sent his servant to find a wife for 
Isaac. This town is frequently 
mentioned on the famous Mari 
tablets. 
We have all read the story of Jacob 
and Esau and of how Esau sold his 
birthright for a mess of pottage. This 
is told in the twenty-fifth chapter of 
Genesis. Archaeologists in Mesopota-
mia have dug up some wonderful 
tablets known as the Nuzi tablets, 
which date from the times of 
Abraham and the patriarchs. One of 
them tells about a man who transfer-
red his inheritance rights in a grove 
of trees to his brother, whose name 
was Kurpazah, in exchange for three 
sheep. Esau did almost the same thing 
when he traded his birthright to 
Jacob. 
In Deuteronomy 8:9 we read that 
copper was available in the Holy 
Land, to which the Israelites were 
going. Notice the words: "Whose 
stones are iron, and out of whose 
hills thou mayest dig brass," or 
copper, as it should be translated. 
Dr. Nelson Glueck, well-known 
modern archaeologist, said that many 
people thought that this was only a 
pious hope on the part of Moses; 
but Glueck found the evidence of a 
great copper-mining region about 
twenty miles south of the Dead Sea. 
Later on, through his explorations, 
he found the furnaces where, in the 
days of King Solomon, copper was 
smelted. 
Here is something interesting about 
a forgotten empire—the empire of 
the Hittites. In Joshua 1:4 God re-
ferred to the land of the Hittites as 
being near the Promised Land. This 
is but one of more than forty pas-
sages in the Bible that mention these 
people, yet scholars of the nineteenth 
century expressed doubt as to the 
existence of such a nation. In 1906 
Hugo Winckler went to a place in 
central Turkey and there dug up the 
ruins of the capital of the Hittite 
Empire. This proves that God was 
right and the critics wrong. 
In Joshua 6:20 we read about the 
fall of Jericho. The Bible says that 
the walls fell down flat when Israel 
had marched around it seven days. 
Professor John Garstang excavated 
Jericho in 1936 and found the walls 
of that ancient city. The walls were 
double, and both of them had fallen 
down flat, one upon the other, as the 
Bible indicated. Evidences of intense 
fire were found—cracked stones, 
charred timber, and ashes. The city 
had not been sacked before its burn-
ing. This is in harmony with the 
Bible statements in Joshua 6:18, 24 
that the Israelites were to take 
nothing from Jericho and that they 
set it on fire. 
In reading the sixteenth chapter of 
1 Samuel we learn about David's 
musical ability and how he could 
play on the harp. In 1 Chronicles 
23:5 we read also of the music in the 
temple which was inaugurated by 
David. But objectors and critics have 
claimed that musical instruments 
were not known at this time. They 
have said that these were not invent-
ed until five hundred years later. 
What are the facts? At Beni Hasan, 
about seventy miles south of Cairo, 
a tomb has been found that dates 
back nearly two thousand years 
before Christ. On this tomb, cut in 
the stone, are pictures of musical 
instruments. One portrays a man 
with a lyre, or harp, thus showing 
that this instrument was known nearly 
a thousand years before David's 
time. On another tomb nearby is a 
picture of two girls, one with a harp 
and the other with a double oboe. 
In 1 Samuel 31:10 we read that, 
after Saul's death in the battle of 
Gilboa, the Philistines took his 
armour and hung it up in the temple 
of Ashtaroth, in the city of Beth-shan. 
This temple has been discovered. 
According to 1 Chronicles 10:10, 
Saul's head was placed in the temple 
of Dagon, in the same city. This 
temple has been found, as has the 
(Continued on p. 34) 
33 
ROOTED 
IN THE 
ROCK 
RICHARD H. UTT 
CCUPYING a distinguished 
place among the world's 
famous trees is a twisted, de-
formed old Jeffrey pine barely twenty 
feet tall. This venerable conifer, 
centuries old, is stationed atop 9,127-
foot Sentinel Dome in Yosemite 
National Park, U. S. A., high amidst 
a breath-taking assortment of sheer 
cliffs, great glaciers, silver waterfalls, 
and snowy mountain peaks. Ap-
parently defying nature's most rudi-
mentary laws, this uncouth old pine 
has sent roots deep into the solid 
granite, from whence it draws nutri-
ment and strength to withstand the 
icy hurricanes that sweep across the 
dome in winter, mercilessly flogging 
each branch and needle of the tree. 
The National Park Service has 
placed at its base a plaque with the 
fitting legend: 
JEFFREY PINE (PINUS 
JEFFREYI) 
THIS GNARLED WINDSWEPT 
TREE HAS 
CLUNG TENACIOUSLY TO LIFE 
IN SPITE 
OF GREAT ODDS 
Who could fail to see in this rug-
ged, solitary pine growing out of 
granite an inspiring example of 
human beings? Here is a pattern for 
living in this atomic age—an age 
when winds of strife, fear, doubt, 
and perplexity of every kind are 
whistling over the bleak slopes of 
man's failures, threatening to uproot 
every vestige of faith and hope from 
the hearts of men. 
The tree lives and thrives only 
because its roots are firmly and deep-
ly anchored to the rock. From some 
hidden source within the rock it finds 
a little soil and water where seemingly 
there is none. Likewise, in these 
tempestuous times in which we are 
living we may anchor our lives firm-
ly in Christ, the Rock of Ages. "Thou 
art my Rock and my Fortress," said 
the psalmist. Hoping and trusting in 
this Rock, we have "an anchor of the 
soul, both sure and steadfast," which 
enables us to hold fast our faith 
regardless of how ruthlessly the gusts 
of discouragement may blow. Deep 
within this same Rock is an inex-
haustible supply of the needed soul 
nourishment, for Christ is also the 
Water of Life and the Bread of Life. 
Of Him the prophet Isaiah wrote, 
"For He shall grow up before Him 
as a tender plant, and as a root out 
of a dry ground." Isaiah 53:2. Our 
Saviour grew to manhood in 
Nazareth, a town proverbial for its 
wickedness. But because His soul was 
fed from the hidden springs of the 
Word of God in the secret place of 
prayer, the fiercest winds of opposi-
tion, jealousy, and hatred that blew 
upon Him continually could not move 
Him or disturb His serenity. His 
frenzied captors could abuse Him, 
spit upon Him, mock Him, even nail 
Him to a rude cross, until "His vis-
age was so marred more than any 
man, and His form more than the 
sons of men" (Isaiah 52:14), but 
they could never destroy the peace 
in His soul or uproot His faith in 
God, His Father. 
This same inward peace, this same 
firmness, this same serenity, He free-
ly offers to all: "Peace I leave with 
you, My peace I give unto you." 
John 14:27. Gales of trouble may 
howl around you and tug at the very 
roots of your being, but you need not 
fear being uprooted if you cling 
tenaciously to the Rock of Ages. "He 
only is my Rock and my Salvation; 
He is my Defence; I shall not be 
greatly moved." Psalm 62:2. 
We have hard work to do, and loads 
to lift; Shun not the struggle—face is; 
'tis God's gift.—Maltbie Babcock. 
The Bible and Archaeology 
(Continued from p. 33) 
ivory house of King Ahab, mentioned 
in 1 Kings 22:39. 
All these wonderful discoveries 
sustain the Bible records and show 
us that we can depend upon the ac-
curacy of God's Holy Word. 
Let us receive the Bible and believe 
it. We read in Psalm 119:160: "Thy 
Word is true from the beginning: 
and every one of Thy righteous judg-
ments endureth forever." 
 
These marvellous archaeological 
discoveries may form a basis for our 
faith, but they will not bring faith 
itself. He who comes to Christ must 
come in faith, believing. If we wait 
until we have entire knowledge before 
we exercise faith, we shall never 
come to God. Let us remember Jesus' 
words to Thomas: 
"Because thou has seen Me, thou 
bast believed: blessed are they that 
have not seen, and yet have believed." 
John 20:29. 
May God help us all to go on step 
by step into full faith, accepting 
Christ, who is the Word of God in-
carnate, as our Saviour and our Lord. 
The Leading of the Lord 
(Continued from p. 32) 
for something. There is an ultimate 
goal in the mind of God. He never 
disturbs His children without purpose 
and clearly marked direction. There 
is direction toward possession. 
"Yet in this thing ye did not 
believe the Lord your God, who went 
in the way before you, to search you 
out a place to pitch your tents in, 
in fire by night, to show you by what 
way ye should go, and in a cloud by 
day." Deuteronomy 1:32, 33. 
How wonderful it all is, God's plan 
for your life! He goes in front. What 
for? He is choosing a place for you, 
going ahead over the way. 
There is nothing haphazard in 
such a life, nothing accidental. God's 
children move in a chosen pathway, 
step by step. If your life is in the 
control of God do not forget that 
every day that dawns, God has been 
preparing for you. God is in tomor-
row, getting ready for you to come. 
God is choosing, selecting, arranging 
everything for you. 
I repeat, there can be no accident 
to such a man. Nothing can go 
wrong in the life that is surrendered 
to the divine will. 
34 �
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, APRIL 1953 
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• 
1 
imposing Scenes 
in Rome 
1. Vatican City: Borne on his gestatorial chair, Pore 
Pius XII arrives in the section of the altar of the 
chair of St. Peter's Basilica, to attend the public con-
sistory during which sixteen of twenty-four newly 
elevated cardinals will be installed. More than 30,000 
faithful, many of them from abroad, crowded the huge 
church to watch the colourful ceremony. 
2. An imposing general view of St. Peter's Basilica 
section of the chair, as sixteen of twenty-four newly 
named cardinals approach the papal throne to pay 
homage to Pope Pius XII. The new princes of the church 
each kissed the pope on both cheeks, then kissed his 
slipper. Later they received the large red "Galeros" 
from the pope in a symbolic gesture. The hats will be 
actually delivered to them later during the day. 
3. While Joseph Cardinal Wendel, of Munich, 
Germany (left) waits his turn to mount to the ponti-
fical throne, Valerio Cardinal Gracias embraces Pore 
Pius XII, as sixteen newly elevated cardinals greet the 
pontiff during the public consistory. 
Photos: Gobind Lal.