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J. V. IILMES, Proprietor. 
" WE HATE NOT FOLLOWED CUNNINGLY DEVISED FIBLTIS.” 
OFFICE, No. 8 Chardon-street 
WHOLE NO. 649. 
BOSTON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1853. 
VOLUME XII. NO. 
 
17 
 
A numerous body of them crossed the Danube 
into Lombardy, during the reign of Gallienus, 
but were forced to retire into Germany by the 
Praetorian guards. In a subsequent invasion by 
them during the same reign 300,000 of that war-
like people are said to have been vanquished by 
10,000 Romans. (See Gibbon, v. 1, pp. 146-7.) 
Daring the reign of Aurelian, about 269, they 
again entered the Roman territory, and advanced 
as f'ar as the Po, and then retreated to the Dan-
ube. Being there encompassed by the Romans 
they escaped back to the mountains of Italy, 
but were pursued, and irretrievably defeated ; 
so that Italy was delivered from their inroads. 
(Ib. pp. 167-8.) 
About 294 they made a furious inroad into 
Gaul, which was delivered from them by Con-
stantius, who inflicted on them great slaughter. 
(lb. p. 204.) 
Gaul being afterwards abandoned to the bar-
barians, " the Alemanni were established in the 
modern countries of Alsace and Lorraine," be-
tween the Meuse and Rhine rivers—extending 
about forty miles wide along the west bank of 
the latter. These were driven across the Rhine, 
outside of the Roman territory by Julian, who 
vanquished their king in 357. (Ib. pp. 403-6.) 
The next year, Julian, in a third passage of 
the Rhine against the Alemanni, inflicted im-
mense slaughter upon them in Germany, dic-
tated his own conditions of peace to six of their 
haughtiest kings, and rescued from them 20,000 
captives. (Ib. pp. 407-8.) 
In 365, the Alemanni made an incursion into 
Gaul, and before they could be pursued had re-
treated with their spoils to the forests of Ger-
many. In 366 they crossed the Rhine with 
their whole military force, and gained a victory 
over the Romans. A large division of them 
were surprised by the Roman General in the 
territory of Metz, on the Moselle river, a west-
ern tributary of the Rhine, defeated there, and 
the remnant of them chased to the banks of the 
latter river. In 368 they surprised the city of 
Mentz in upper Germany, when Valentinian 
crossed the Rhine, and gained a signal victory 
over them. (lb. v. 2, pp. 95, 96.) 
" When the migration of the northern tribes 
began they were among the hordes that overran 
Gaul. They spread along the whole western 
side of the Rhine, and, in the latter half of the 
5th century, over all Helvetia "—a country in 
Switzerland between the upper waters of the 
Rhine and Rhone rivers. (En. Am.) 
Gibbon says of them : 
" The northern parts of Helvetia had indeed 
been subdued by the ferocious Alemanni. . . . 
Prom the source of the Rhine, to its conflux with 
the Mayne and Moselle, the formidable swarms 
of the Alernanni commanded either side of the 
river, by the right of ancient possession or re-
cent victory. They had spread themselves into 
Gaul over the modern provinces of Alsace [a 
tract on the river Rhine, of which the present 
city of Strasburg is the centre,] and Lorraine [a 
tract on the Rhine, north of Alsace to the Mo-
selle river,] and their bold invasion of the king-
dom of Cologne [also on the Rhine] summoned 
the Salle prince to the defence of his Ripuarian 
allies. Clovis in [496] encountered the invaders 
of Gaul in the plain of Talbiae about twenty-
four miles from Cologne ; and the two fiercest 
nations of Germany were mutually animated by 
the memory of past exploits, and the prospect of 
future greatness.. . . The event of the bloody day 
decided for ever the alternative of empire or ser-
vitude. The last king of the Alemanni was 
slain in the field, and his people were slaugh- 
1 
Time of the Advent. 
ON another page is the remainder of the ar-
ticle, under this title, which was commenced in 
our last, and to which we here reply. 
The first point of divergence in it, is its list 
of the ten kings. The peculiarity of the theory 
promulgated, required that there should be in 
A. D. 519 eleven divisions of the Ronian empire 
—ten besides the eastern. In enumerating these, 
they omit the kingdoms of the " Huns," the 
" Lombards," and the " Heruli,"—divisions 
which have long been recognized by such chro7 
nologers, historians, and commentators as Dr. 
Hales, Bishop Newton, Bishop Lloyd and others 
—and have substituted for them, the Britons in 
Wales, the Gepidre, and the Alemanni. 
Were this change in the list accompanied by 
sound and cogent reasons; or did those who 
make it, give evidence of a more profound re-
search, a more familiar acquaintance with those 
sources of information by which such questions 
are decided, or a more mature judgment and 
acute logical powers of discrimination than was 
possessed by those careful observers and close 
reasoners by whom the former list was arranged, 
we should be disposed at once to accept of the 
correction. But in the absence of those, it be-
comes necessary to compare the two. We will 
first inquire respecting the discarded divisions. 
THE MINS, AND GEPID.1.—The empire of 
the Hans under Attila, had its seat, or the pal-
ace of the king within the Roman province of 
Dacia. When that monarch died, " the palace 
of Attila, with the. old country of Dada, from 
the Carpathian hills to the Euxine, became the 
seat of a new power, which was erected by Ar-
brie, king of the Gepidm "—who had been a 
part of the empire of' the Huns. As we have no 
disposition to be captious, we shall spend no 
time in discussing the point whether they should 
still be called Huns, or Gepidm. We presume 
that he means by the one, what we do by the 
other. The remaining two horns cannot be thus 
identified with the old names. The nation of 
the. Gepithe was dissolved by the Lombards in 
A. D. 566. 
THE LOMBARDS.—These were a branch of 
the Gepidm, and embraced in the Hunnic nation 
till the death' of Attila in 455. They then, ac-
cordinL, to Grotius, became an independent na-
tion and possessed a portion of Pannonia, on the 
east of the Alps mountains, and south of the 
Danube river. (See Lord on the Apoc., p. 370.) 
This territory they maintained till the timeof 
Justinian, of whom Gibbon states that when the 
Gepidm took possesSion of the Roman fortifica-
tions on the Danube, that ' for the protection 
of his subjects, the emperor invited a strange 
people to invade and possess the Roman provinces 
between the Danube and the Alps ; and the am-
bition of' the Gepidm was checked by the rising 
power and fame of the Lombards."—v. 3, p. 98. 
But according to Grotius, they had been in the 
Roman territory from the death of Attila. In 
566 they put an end to the Gepidm. 
THE HERULL—The Herulo Thuringi are 
those who put an end to Western Rome under 
Odoacer in A. D. 476. He was the leader of 
several barbarian auxiliary tribes that had been 
in subjection to the Huns till the death of Attila 
in 453. They comprised the Heruli, Rugi, 
Scirri, &c., who had come to the south from the 
mouth of the Oder. After the death of Attilu, 
The " Alemanni, i, e., all men, or various sorts 
of men," was " the name of a military confede-
racy of several German tribes, which, at the 
commencement of the third century, approached 
the Roman territory. Their settlements extend-
ed, on the east side of the Rhine, from lake 
Constance, the Elbe, and the Danube, to the 
Maine and the Lahn "—the last two being tribu-
taries of the Rhine, which flow into it from the 
east. " Their neighbors on the east were the 
Suevi, and farther on, the Burgundians. The 
principal tribes composing the Alemanni league 
were the Teucteri, Usipetes, Chatti and Van-
grones. Caracalla first fought with them, on the 
southern part of the Rhine, in 211, but did not 
conquer them ; Severus was likewise unsuccess-
ful."—Art. Alemanni, En. Am. 
Gibbon speaks of them as " an innumerable 
swarm of Suevi," which appeared on the banks 
of the Mein [Maine], and in the neighborhood of 
the Roman provinces in quest of either food, of 
plunder, or of glory. The hasty .army of volun-
teers gradually coalesced into a great and per-
manent nation."—Hist. Rome,* v. 1, p. 146. 
From the above it will be seen that the Ale-
manni had become a formidable power in the 
neighborhood of, but outside the Roman empire. 
They came over in,:yhen Maximin was the first 
who conquered or drove them beyond, or to the 
east of the Rhine, in 236. 
* All quotations from Gibbon, we make from 
Harper's Ed. of 1845. 
tered and pursued till they threw down their 
arms and yielded to the mercy of the conqueror. 
Without discipline it was impossible for them to 
rally ; they had contemptuously demolished the 
walls and fortifications which might have pro-
tected their distress : and they were followed 
into the heart of their forests, by an enemy not 
less active, or intrepid than themselves. . . . The 
Gallic territories which were possessed by the 
Alemanni, became the prize of their conqueror; 
and the haughty nation, invincible, or rebellious, 
to the arms of Rome acknowledged the sover-
eignty of the Merovingian kings, who graciously 
permitted them to enjoy their peculiar manners 
and institutions under the government of official, 
and at length of hereditary dukes. After the 
conquest of the western provinces, the Franks 
alone maintained their ancient habitations be-
yond [i. e. east of] the Rhine. They gradually 
subdued and civilized the exhausted countries as 
far as the Elbe, and the mountains of Bohemia ; 
and the peace of Europe was secured by the obe-
dience of Germany."—Ib. v. 2, pp. 410, 411. 
" Some of their tribes settled in RITtia [the 
south part of the present kingdom of Prussia, 
east of the Rhine on the rivers Inn and Aidge] 
under the protection of Theodoric [king of the 
Ostrogoths] whose successors ceded the colony 
and their country to the grandson of Clovis."— 
Note Gib. v. 2, p. 411. Thus the nation ceased 
to be independent, and being outside the Roman 
territory, cannot be reckoned as a horn. Could 
it be thus reckoned, it was plucked up in 496, 
before their rise for the little horn. 
THE TEN HORNS AND ANOTHER. 
It is argued that the Papacy becomes a civil 
power sometime between the rise of the first ten 
horns of Rome, and the plucking up of one of 
them ; because it was to come up after the ten 
and to pluck up three. On this argument it is 
claimed that the Papacy must, have assumed 
that form, between 493, and 534—the former be-
ing the year when it is claimed the Goths settled 
in Rome, and the latter, that when the Vandals 
were plucked up. 
This argument is defective in these particulars. 
The Ostrogoths were under the dominion 
of the Huns until the death of Attila in 453 
when they settled in Pannonia, between the Alps 
and the Danube. Says the Am, En. " After 
many vicissitudes, the Ostrogoths also obtained a 
settlement in Pannonia and Sclavonia, but not 
till the destruction of the kingdom of the Huns 
in 453." In 493 they invaded Italy and con-
quered Odoacer. 
As the kingdom of Odoac,er, which we name 
Heruli, must be reckoned as one of the ten horns ; 
as with its subversion of the Western Empire it 
made the tenth of the barbaric kingdoms—the e 
being in existence when it arose, 1st, the Huns 
continued by the Gtpidx ; 2, the Vandals ; 3, 
the Suevi ; 4, the Visigoths ; 5, the Burgun-
dians ; 6, the Franks ; 7, the Angles and Sax-
ons ; 8, the Ostrogoths ; and 9th, the Lombards ; 
making the kingdom of Odoacer the 10th—and 
as it was subverted by the Ostrogoths in 493, 
the rise of the Papacy, on their argument, must 
be looked for between A. D. 476 and 493 instead 
of the time they name. 
As in 476 the last of ten contemporary kings 
had arisen, and in 493 one of them had been 
subverted, it follows that if the rise of the Pa-
pacy is to be looked for between those events, it 
must be looked for between those dates; and if 
it cannot be found between those dates, then 
their argument that it must arise between those 
events falls to the ground. 
As the Alemanni, which they claim for a 
" a part of their forces desiring adventures, 
marched to Italy in the service of the emperor, 
but when a propitious opportunity occurred, these 
mercenaries became conquerors and masters.—
Odoacer, their self-elected leader, ruled as king 
over Rome and Italy Italy was unfor- 
tunate under his sceptre, and he himself suc-
cumbed, after a reign of fourteen years, to the 
attack of Theodoric, the king of the Eastgoths." 
—Rotteck's Hist. World, v. 2, p. 47. 
Thus the rejected horns, were kingdoms in the 
Roman empire before A. D. 500. Of those sub-
stituted in their place we have- 
THE GEPIDX.—We remarked, under the 
head of Huns, that we should not object to a 
mere change of name. 
THE BRITONS IN WALES.—On the invasion 
and conquest of England by the Saxons, the 
native inhabitants retreated into Wales—a ter-
ritory in the west of England, about as large as 
our state of New Jersey. They sunk back into 
barbarism ; but a part of them maintained their 
national freedom as exiles in the mountains of 
Wales ; while another portion of them acquired 
a settlement in Gaul. Whether they should be 
included as one of the horns, is a question re-
specting which wiser heads than ours have dis-
puted. The reason they are not included, is 
that they were not of the foreign races who had 
penetrated into and conquered portions of the 
Roman empire, but were Roman subjects, and 
to include them would make too many kingdoms. 
THE ALEMANNI.—These constituted a na-
tion in Germany, outside of the Roman territo- 
ry. Their seat of power was not within the lim- 
its where we must look for the ten kingdoms. 
At various times it encroached upon the borders 
of the Roman empire and extended a short dis-
tance within it; but never so as to be reckoned 
as one of the kingdoms within it. It was a 
foreign power, which occasionally subjected a 
portion of the Roman territory ; but in 496 it 
ceased to exist as a nation. This will be seen 
by the following references to history. 
.1114=T;ST 
 
 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
 
horn, was plucked up in 496, they are limited, 
on their own arrangement of the list of horns, to 
the years 493-496, between which, on their 
argument, they must look for the little horn, 
which vitiates their whole theory. 
5. If we admit their claim to the Britons as one 
of the kingdoms—who are only to be rejected 
because of their insignificance, and because they 
were an unconquered part of the Roman em-
pire, instead of a barbaric kingdom that had 
penetrated into it—we should have ten kingdoms 
before the conquest of Rome by Odoacer ; and 
that with the ten, would have made another. 
And if that part of unconquered Rome could 
be reckoned as one of the ten horns, certainly 
the central unconquered part before its conquest 
by Odoacer should be counted a horn, which 
would have made eleven horns as early as 455, 
when on the death of Attila, the Gepidm took 
the place of the Huns, and the Ostrogoths and 
bombards became independent powers within 
the empire. But as the ten are manifestly for-
eign powers to arise within the empire, the Brit-
ons in Wales and Rome under Augustus are not 
to be counted ; which makes ten contemporary 
kingdoms in existence, for the first time, when 
Rome was subverted by Odoacer,—which was 
the point of time we should naturally look to for 
ten kings to be standing in the limits of Western 
Rome. 
To make out their theory, for the rise of the 
Papacy in 519, on the argument they had as-
sumed, it was necessary to ignore the existence 
of ten contemporary kingdoms with the pluck-
ing up of one of them before that time. They 
therefore take no note of the kingdom of Odoa-
cer—the kingdom which subverted the Western 
empire ; for to have done so would have been 
fatal to their theory. 
THE RISE OF THE PAPACY. 
They give long historical extracts from Bow-
er and others to prove that this was in 519. 
The purport of those extracts is that in that 
year, the first great schism between the Churches 
of Rome and Constantinople, after lasting thirty-
five years, was ended—that those churches were 
re-united ; and that the civil power compelled 
the bishops to sign articles dictated by the Pope, 
thus taking away their liberty of conscience;—
and giving no toleration to heretics. A careful 
examination of the extracts on this point will 
show that this is all that is affirmed in them, or 
that is there claimed by the timeists. 
In view of that position, we inquire whether 
these things are sufficiently significant to war-
rant fallible mortals to announce with assumed 
infallibility that they commence a prophetic pe-
riod ; and also whether these characteristics were 
so connected with 519, and with no earlier or 
later period, as to warrant a dogmatical declara-
tion to that effect. 
If the healing of a schism, is to mark the es-
tablishment of the Papacy, to make that of any 
significance it must be shown that there were 
no subsequent schisms. And if the healing of 
it is so effectual, what must we do with the state 
of the Church before it existed ? Also had no 
previous schisms been healed ?—and that by the 
aid of the civil power ? As we have to write on 
the spur of the moment, and reply to that article 
while the printers are putting it in type, we have 
not the time to write so connectedly or so briefly 
as we otherwise might. 
" It was in the pontificate of Sylvester and 
under the benign auspices of Constantine that 
the ecclesiastical hierarchy was first formed and 
settled in the manner it continues to this day; 
the new form of government introduced by that 
prince into the state serving as a model for the 
government of the Church."—Bower, v. 1, p. 47. 
It was not till the reign of Constantine, that 
the civil power so favored the Church as to be 
invoked in its aid; and in his reign we find the 
imperial arm invoked against heretics. The 
Donatists arose in Africa in A. D. 311, claiming 
that baptism administered out of the Church was 
a nullity. The Catholics admitted its Validity-. 
The Donatists were condemned in a council at 
Rome two years after their separation in 313.—
Bower , v. 1, p. 44. 
In 314 Sylvester was chosen Pope, and in 
that year, by the request of the Donatists and 
the order of Constantine, the great Council of 
Arles was held, to hear charges from the Dona-
tists against Cmcilianus, a Catholic bishop of 
Africa, from whom they had separated. The 
Council declared him " innocent," and those 
who accused him were " cut off from the com-
munion of the Church."—Ib. p. 45. 
In this dispute between Cmcilianus and the 
Donatists, Osius, a Catholic bishop, " undertook 
with great zeal the defence of the former, and 
prevailed in the end upon Constantine to espouse 
his cause and declare against the Donatists, 
whom he thenceforth punished with great severi-
ty, taking their churches from them, and send-
ing the most obstinate among them into exile." 
lb. p. 69. 
Again referring to this, Bower says of Osius : 
" He was the author of the first Christian perse-
cution. For it was he who first stirred up Con-
stantine against the Donatists ; many of whom 
were sent into exile, and some even sentenced to 
death, nay, and led to execution."—Ib. p. 72. 
We come come down to 359, in the reign of 
Constantius, we find the Emperor interfering 
with the rights of conscience. He summoned 
a council at Seleucia in Isauria, where two 
Arian bishops " appeared with a paper in their 
hands, containing a new confession of faith com-
posed lately at Sirmium by the Emperor, by a 
small number of Arian and semi-Arian bishops," 
&c., " who after a debate which lasted a whole 
day, had at length agreed to suppress the word 
consubstantial," which was in the old confession 
of faith, " and introduce the word like in its 
room ; so that the Son was no more to be said 
consubstantial, but like to the Father in all 
things ; the three last words Constantius added, 
and, by obliging all who were present to sign 
them, defeated, say the semi-Arians, the wicked 
designs of the pure Arians. However, except-
ing those words, the whole confession was thought 
to favor their doctrine ; whence the semi-Arians 
held out till night, when the Emperor, well sat-
isfied with the like in all things, OBLIGED them 
to sign it."—lb. p. 72. 
This being read to the council at Seleucia, 
was rejected by them ; and all heretics in general 
and the Arians in particular were condemned. 
—p. 74. Afterwards, Constantius issued " an 
order, which was published throughout the Em-
pire, commanding all bishops to sign the Sirmian 
confession, on pain of forfeiting their dignity, 
and being sent into exile. This order was exe-
cuted with the utmost rigor in all the provinces 
of the Empire, and very few were found, who 
did not sign with their hands what they con-
demned in their hearts. Many who till then 
had been thought invincible were overcome, and 
complied with the times ; and such as did not 
were driven, without distinction, from their sees, 
into exile."—lb. p. 77. 
In 366, Libirius died, and was succeeded by 
Damasus as Bishop of Rome. 
It was the result of a contest between him and 
Ursinus. It is affirmed that " the doors of the 
Basilica were burnt, and that the roof was un-
tiled ; that Damasus marched at the head of his 
own clergy, grave-diggers, charioteers, and hired 
gladiators ; that none of his party were killed, 
but that one hundred and sixty dead bodies were 
found."—Jerom in Chron., p. 186. 
Gibbon says :—" They contended with the 
rage of party; the quarrel was maintained by 
the wounds and death of their followers ; and 
the prmfect, unable to resist or to appease the 
tumult, was constrained, by superior violence, 
to retire into the suburbs. Damasus prevailed ; 
the well-disputed victory remained on the side 
of his faction ; one hundred ,and thirty-seven 
dead bodies, were found in the Basilica of Si-
cinius, where the Christians hold their religious 
assemblies ; and it was long before the angry 
minds of the people resumed their accustomed 
tranquillity."—v. 2, p. 94. 
" The title, the ensigns, the prerogatives of 
SOVEREIGN PONTIFF, which had been instituted by 
N ulna, and assumedby Augustus, were accepted, 
without hesitation. by seven Christian emperors, 
who were invested with a more absolute authority 
over the religion which they had deserted, than 
over that which they professed. The divisions 
of Christianity suspended the rain of paganism." 
—Gibbon, vol. 1, pp. 470, 471. 
On the death of VALENTIAN, A. D. 376, GRATIAN 
was elected emperor by the soldiers and was 
chosen Pontiff by the priests, but he was the first 
Christian emperor who refused to wear the pontfi-
cal robe. In A. D. 378, VALENS, the emperor of 
the East died, and GRATIAN invested THEODOSIUS 
with that empire. Says GIBBON : 
[A. D. 378-395.] " The ruin of Paganism, 
in the age of Theodosius, is perhaps the only 
example of the total extirpation of any ancient 
and popular superstition. 
" On a regular division of the senate, Jupiter 
was condemned and degraded by the sense of a 
very large majority. 
" The vain hopes of the Pagans were soon 
annihilated by the defeat of Eugenius; and they 
were left exposed to the resentment of the con-
queror, who labored to deserve the favor of 
heaven by the extirpation of idolatry. 
" The imperial laws,which prohibited the sacri-
fices and ceremonies of Paganism, were rigidly 
executed ; and every hour contributed to destroy 
the influence of a religion, which was supported 
by custom, rather than by argument. * * * 
" The generation that arose in the world after 
the promulgation of the imperial laws, was 
attracted within the pale of the Catholic Church ; 
and so rapid, yet so gentle, was the fall of Pagan-
ism, that only twenty-eight years after the death 
of Theodosius, the faint and minute vestiges 
were no longer visible to the eye of the legislator. 
" The ruin of the Pagan religion is described 
by the Sophists, as a dreadful and amazing 
prodigy, which covered the earth with darkness, 
and restored the ancient dominion of chaos and 
of night. They relate, in solemn and pathetic 
strains, that the temples were converted into 
sepulchres, and that the holy places, which had 
been adorned by the statues of the gods, were 
basely polluted by the relics of Christian mar-
tyrs.--e The monks ' (a race of filthy animals, 
to whom Eunapius is tempted to refuse the name 
of men) are the authors of the new worship, 
which in the place of those deities, who are con-
ceived by the understanding, has substituted the 
meanest and most contemptible slaves. The 
heads, salted and picked, of these infamous 
malefactors, who, for the multitude of their 
crimes, have suffered a just and ignominious 
death ; their bodies still marked by the impres-
sion of the lash, and the scars of those tortures 
which were inflicted by the sentence of the magis-
trate ; such ' (continues Eunapius) are the gods 
which the earth produces in our days; such are 
the martyrs, the supreme arbitrators of our pray-
ers and petitions to the deity, whose tombs are 
now consecrated as the objects of the veneration 
of the people.' 
" The example of Rome and Constantinople 
confirmed the faith and discipline of the Catholic 
world. The honors of the saints and martyrs, 
after a feeble and ineffectual murmur of profane 
reason, were universally established; and in the 
age of Ambrose and Jerome, something was still 
deemed wanting to the sanctity of a Christian 
church, till it had been consecrated by some por 
tion of holy relics, which fixed and inflamed the 
devotion of' the faithful. 
" In the long period of twelve hundred years, 
which elapsed between the reign of Constantine 
and the reformation of Luther, the worship of 
saints and relics corrupted the pure and perfect 
simplicity of the Christian model ; and some 
symptoms of degeneracy may be observed even 
in the first generations which adopted and cher-
ished this pernicious innovation. 
* * * * " The religion of Constantine 
achieved, in less than a century, the final con-
quest of the Roman empire ; but the victors them-
selves were insensibly subdued by the arts of 
their vanquished rivals !"—Gibbon, v. 2, pp. 183 
-187, 192-195, 198, 199. 
The above shows the downfall of the Pagans 
and the apostacy of the Christians. 
The refusal of GRATIAN to wear the pontifical 
robes, made it necessary to elect an ecclesiastical 
head of the empire. 
DAMASUS, afterwards canonized by the Papal 
Church, was at this time Bishop of Rome, and 
he is pronounced by GIBBON, " a very ambiguous 
character." GIBBON says : 
" The splendid vices of the Church of Rome, 
under the reign of Valentinian and Damasus, 
have been curiously observed by the historian 
Ammianus, who delivers his impartial sense in 
these expressive words : The prwfecture of 
Juventius was accompanied with peace and plen-
ty ; but the tranquillity of his government was 
soon disturbed by a bloody sedition of the dis-
tracted people. The ardor of Damasus and 
Ursinus, to seize the episcopal seat, surpassed 
the ordinary measure of human ambition. They 
contended with the rage of party ; the quarrel 
was maintained by the wounds and death of their 
followers; and the prmfect, unable to resist or to 
appease the tumult, was constrained, by superior 
violence, to retire into the suburbs. Damasus 
prevailed ; the well-disputed victory remained 
on the side of his faction ; one hundred and 
thirty-seven dead bodies were found in the 
Basilica .of Sicinius, where the Christians held 
their religions assemblies ; and it was long before 
the angry minds of the people resumed their-
accustomed tranquillity." * * * * * 
" The schism of Damns and Ursinus was ex-
tinguished by the exile of the latter; and the 
wisdom of the prmfect Prwtextatus restored the 
tranquillity of the city. Prxtextatus was a phil-
osophic pagan, a man of learning, of taste and 
politeness, who disguised a reproach in the form 
of a jest, when he assured Damasus, that if he 
could obtain the bishopric of Rome, he himself 
would immediately embrace the Christian reli-
gion. This lively picture of the wealth and 
luxury of the popes, in the fourth century, be-
comes the more curious, as it represents the in-
termediate degree, between the humble poverty 
of the apostolic fisherman, and the royal state of 
a temporal prince, whose dominions extend from 
the confines of Naples to the banks of the Po." 
—Ib. vol.. 2, pp. 93, 94. 
Such was the Bishop of Rome, chosen in A. D.-
366. Olathe refusal of the Pontificate by GRA--
TIAN, when it became necessary to choose an, 
ecclesiastical head, this Bishop of Rome was one 
of the candidates and succeeded to the office. 
In A. D. 378 he was declared " PONTIFEX MAXI-. 
MUS," having already held the highest office in 
the Catholic Church, that of Bishop of Rome 
for twelve years, and thus were united the offices 
of " Pope," and " Pontiff." This fact, is on 
the authority of the London, Quarterly Journal' 
of Prophecy. 
GIBBON says that THEODOSIUS " dictated a 
solemn edict, which proclaimed his own faiths 
and prescribed the religion of his subjects. ' It 
is our pleasure (such is the Imperial style,) that 
all the nations, which are governed by our clem-
ency and moderation, should steadfastly adhere 
to the religion which was taught by St. Peter to 
the Romans ; which faithful tradition has pre-
served ; and which is now professed by the PONTIFF 
DAMASUS, and by Peter, Bishop of Alexandria, 
a man of apostolical holiness. According to the 
discipline of the apostles, and the-doctrine of the 
gospel, let us believe the sole deity of the Father, 
the Son, and the Holy Ghost; under an equal 
majesty, and a pious Trinity. We authorize the 
followers of this doctrine to assume the title of 
Catholic Christians; and as we judge, that all 
others are extravagant madmen, we brand them 
with the infamous name of heretics ; and declare, 
that their conventicles shall no longer usurp the 
respectable appellation of churches. Besides 
the condemnation of divine justice, they must 
expect to SUFFER the SEVERE PENALTIES, which 
our authority guided by heavenly wisdom, shall 
think proper to INFLICT upon them.' "—lb. vol. 
2, p. 156. 
This DAMASUS was originally a monk from 
Mount Carmel ; and in the days of VESPASIAN 
the Carmelites worshipped MAIA the " Mother 
of the gods "—an old Babylonian deity. When, 
Christianity became popular they embraced it, 
—substituting for their Babylonian worship, that 
of the virgin MARY—" the Mother of God." 
Thus they continued their old worship under a 
new name. 
DAMASUS, on becoming Sovereign Pontiff, was 
constituted by the imperial edict " sole judge of 
religious matters." He was the first bishop to 
whom this power was granted. Exercising this 
power he expelled from the Church those who 
would not worship the " Mother of God." " The 
orthodox opposed. They declared their hope, 
that the Lord would return and reign. DAMASUS 
decided that the reign of the saints had begun 
already. He now formally declared the Mille-
narians heretical. He expelled them from the 
Church. His courts everywhere decided against 
them. None were left save those that worshipped 
the Virgin Queen, and desired not that Christ 
would return in the flesh." Thus the Babylonian 
worship took the place of Christianity. 
When Damasus was elected bishop, the see 
was claimed by Ursinus. Bower says : 
" By this double election the citizens of Rome 
saw themselves, before they were aware, in-
volved in civil war."—v. 1, p. 84. 
" Ursinus was, by order of the Emperor ban-
ished " on the 16th of Nov., 367, " together with 
seven of his followers."—lb. p. 86. 
,, The Emperor Valentinian enacted a law, 
empowering the Bishop of Rome to examine and 
judge others, that religious and ecclesiastical 
disputes should not be decided by profane or 
secular judges, but by a Pontiff of the same relia 
gion and his colleagues."—Ib. p. 86., 
New disturbances being raised in Rome by the 
party of Ursinus, " the city was upon the point 
of becoming again the scene of civil war. Sim-
plicius, then Vicar of Rome, at the: request of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
110413111111110111,11111SME- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
339 
Damasus [the Pope], gave the Emperor immedi-
ate notice of the approaching danger ; and the 
Emperor in answer to his letter, sent him a 
rescript, commanding all those who in contempt 
of religion, held or frequented unlawful assem-
blies, to be banished one hUndred miles from 
Rome, that their obstinacy might hurt none but 
themselves.' Thus for the present a stop was put 
to the disorders that began to reign in the city." 
p. 93. 
" Damasus, having thus, in the end, by the 
favor of the Emperors, entirely got the better of 
the adverse party, and secured his dignity, he 
turned his thoughts to ecclesiastical matters."—
Ib. p. 87. 
A great schism having occurred in the Church 
by the agency of Apollinaris, Pope Damasus 
convened a council in Rome in 378, " in which 
Apollinaris was not only condemned with great 
solemnity, but deposed with his two favorite 
disciples."--/b. p. 96. 
" The sentence pronounced against Apollinaris, 
and his disciples, by the council at Rome, was con-
firmed by a council held the same year at Alexan-
dria, by an oecumenical council assembled at Con-
stantinople in 381, and by the council at Antioch 
in 379. However, the Apollinarists, though thus 
condemned and deposed by all the councils of the 
east and west, as we read in Gregory Nazianzen, 
still kept their ground, till recourse was had to the 
secular power. For the emperor Theodosius, at the 
request of Nectarius, bishop of Constantinople, en-
acted a law, dated the tenth of March, 388, forbid-
ding the Apollinarists to hold assemblies, or to 
dwell in the cities. As this law was executed with 
the utmost rigor, at least against the leading men 
of the party, who were banished the cities, and con-
fined to the deserts, the Apollinarists were in a few 
years reduced to a very small number, when they 
begged to be adMitted to the communion of the 
Catholic church, which was in the end granted them 
by Theodotus, who governed the church of Antioch, 
from the year 416 to 428.—lb. p. 97. 
" Towards the latter end of the pontificate of 
Damasus, two great councils were held, the one at 
Constantinople, in 381, and the other at Rome, 382. 
The former was assembled by the emperor Theodo-
sius, who after having put the orthodox in possession 
of the churches, which till his time had been held 
by the Arians in the east, where he reigned, sum-
moned all the bishops within his dominions to meet 
at Constantinople, in order to deliberate about the 
most. proper means of restoring an entire tran-
quillity to the church, rent and disturbed not only 
by several sects of heretics, but by the divisions 
that reigned among the orthodox themselves, by 
that especially of Antioch, the most ancient of all, 
which from that church had spread all over the em-
pire, and occasioned rather an entire separation, 
than a misunderstanding between the east and 
west."—lb. p. 99. 
This schism occasioned great confusion in the 
Church, which continued till the year 398, 
when Chrysostom, after having, with indefatiga-
ble pains, long labored in vain to bring about 
an accommodation between the east and the 
west, had at last, soon after his promotion to the 
see of Constantinople, the satisfaction of seeing 
his pious endeavors crowned with success."—lb. 
p. 103.. 
Damasus " was the first who introduced the 
custom, which his successors took care to im-
prove, of conferring on certain bishops the title 
of vicars, pretending thereby to impart to them 
an extraordinary power, enabling them to per-
form several things, which they could not per-
form in virtue of their own."—Ib., p. 104. 
" The Bishops of Rome, as presiding in the 
metropolis of the Empire, had begun to claim a 
kind of jurisdiction, or rather an inspection in 
ecclesiastical matters, over all the provinces of 
the Western Empire; which was the first great 
step by which they ascended to the supremacy 
they afterwards claimed and established."—lb. 
p.. 104. 
When the Emperor Maximus reigned in Gaul, 
he was exhorted by one of the bishops " to con-
tinue steady in the Catholic faith."—Ib. p. 112. 
" Maximus, in his answer, pretends great zeal for 
the true faith, and promises to assemble the bish-
ops of Gaul, and of the five' provinces, meaning 
Gallia Narbonensis, to examine the affair of Agri-
cius. Ile assures Syricius, that he has nothing s() 
much at heart as to maintain the Catholic faith 
pure and uncorrupted, to see a perfect harmony 
established among the prelates of the church, and 
to suppress the many disorders which had prevailed 
at the time of his accession to the empire, and 
would have soon proved incurable, had they been 
neglected. He adds, that many shocking abomi-
nations of the Manichees, meaning no doubt the 
Priscillianists, had been discovered, not by ground-
less conjectures and surmises, but by their own con-
fession before the magistrates, as Syricius might 
learn from the acts. For Maximus caused the ring-
leaders of that sect to be put to death this very 
year, convicted before the magistrates of the gross-
est immoralities.. These were Prisci.11ian himself, 
Felicissimus, and Armenus, two ecclesiastics, who 
had but very lately embraced his doctrine ; Asari-
nus and Aurelius, two deacons ; Latronianus, or, 
as Jerom calls him, Matronianus, a layman ; and 
Euchrocia, the widow of the orator Delphidius, 
who had professed eloquence in the city of Bour-
deaux a few years before. These were, by the order 
of Maximus, all beheaded this year at Treves. The 
rest of Priscillian's followers, whom they could 
diScover and apprehend, were either banished or 
contined."—lb. p. 112. 
Syricius was elected Bishop of Rome in 284.. 
Having condemned Jovinian for heresy, the lat-
ter would not submit. The Emperor Honorius 
being appealed to, he " enacted a law command-
ing him and his accomplices to be beaten with 
whips armed with lead, and transported into 
different islands. Jovinian himself was confined 
to the isle of Boas, on the coast of Dalmatia." 
Ib. p. 117. 
In the " year 391, a great council was con-
vened at Ca.pua, chiefly with a view to restore 
peace to the Church of Antioch, and put an end 
to the schism which had so long prevailed there, 
and had occasioned almost an entire separation 
between the east and the west."—Ib. p. 117. 
Syricius had, in the last year of his life the 
satisfaction of seeing an end put at length to 
the schism of Antioch . . . . and the east and 
west, after so long a separation, happily RE-
UNITED."—Ib. p. 121. After proceeding to 
show how this was effected, Bower says :—
" Thus was an end put at last to the schism of 
Antioch ; and, after so many years of strife and 
contention, a perfect harmony and good under-
standing were settled anew between the east and 
west." " This union was made with great solem-
nity in the year 415 ; eleven years after the 
death of Flavianus, and eighty-five after the be-
ginning of the schism."—Ib. p. 123. 
" Chrysostom, the celebrated Bishop of Con-
stantinople, having been unjustly deposed in 
403, and driven from his see by Theophilus, 
Bishop of Alexandria," and Atticus chosen in 
his place, both parties wrote to Innocent, the 
Pope of Rome, who favored Chrysostom. " In-
nocent, and with him most of the western bish-
ops, had espoused his cause with great warmth ; 
but finding that all endeavors in his behalf proved 
unsuccessful, they at last separated themselves 
from the communion of Atticus of Constantino-
ple, Porphyrius of Antioch, and Theophilus, of 
Alexandria."—lb. p. 141. " Atticus, however, 
allowed in the end, Chrysostom's name to be 
inserted in the diptychs "—giving as a reason 
in one of his letters, "that he could no longer 
withstand the threats and violence of an enraged 
multitude ; and in another, that he had done it 
to comply with the will of the emperors, and to 
conform to the sentiments of his brethren, both 
in the east and west."—lb. p. 142. 
Pelagius, having been condemned for heresy 
by the Bishops of Africa, they sent their decrees 
to Honorious. 
" Those decrees the emperor not only approved, 
but enacted this year, 418, a severe law against 
the Pelagians, dated from Ravenna, the 30th of 
April, and addressed to Palladius, then proefectus 
preetorio In virtue of this law, an order was 
issued by the prmfecti prmtorio, namely by Junius 
Quartus Palladius, prefect of Italy, Monaxius, pre-
fect of the east, and Agricola, prefect of Gaul, 
commanding Pelagius and Cmlestius to be driven 
out of Rome, and the accomplices of their errors to 
be stripped of their estates, and condemned to per-
petual banishment."—lb. p. 155. 
The Pope Zosimus, " wrote a long circular 
letter to all the bishops, anathematizing the doc-
trine of Pelagius, and exhorting them to follow 
his example. Copies of this letter were sent 
into all the provinces of the Christian world, 
and out of so great a number of bishops eighteen 
only were found, who refused to receive it, and 
confirm, with their subscriptions the anathemas 
it contained."—lb. p. 156. 
These eighteen bishops were degraded by the 
Pope from their episcopal dignity for refusing 
to condemn Pelagius, and they appealed to the 
Emperor. He sustained the Pope, and enacted 
a law, banishing from Italy Julian, and with 
him all the bishops, whom Sosimus had deposed. 
This law was soon followed by another, com-
manding all bishops to sign the condemnation 
of Pelagius and Caelestius, on pain of deposition, 
and perpetual banishment."—lb. p. 157. 
In 419, Eulalius and Boniface, being each 
elected Bishop of Rome on the same day, caused 
a schism there. The former was finally driven 
from Rome, by command of the Emperor; and 
" thus was Boniface placed on the Roman See, 
and vested with the Papal dignity by the clem-
ency of the Emperor."—Ib, p, 163. 
Boniface then " wrote to the Emperor en-
treating him to restrain, by some severe law, the 
ambition of those, who, trusting more to their 
intrigues than to their merit, aspired to a dignity 
that was due to merit alone, The Emperor in 
compliance with so just a demand, enacted a 
law well calculated to prevent effectually the 
evil complained of, and keep the ambition of the 
candidates to the Papacy within due bounds.... 
This is the first instance, that occurs in history, 
of princes intermeddling in the election of the 
Pope. . The Pope himself, called on the Em-
perors to interpose their authority."—lb p. 163. 
" The schism formed by Eulalius was not, it seems, 
yet quite extinct in Rome in the year 425, for I find 
a law of that year, dated the 17th of July, and ad-
dressed to Faustus, prefect of the city, command-
ing all Manichees, heretics, schismatics, and sects 
of every denomination, to be driven out of Rome ; 
but more especially those, who, separating them-
selves from the communion of the venerable pope, 
kept alive a dangerous schism. Over these Faus-
tus enjoined to keep a watchful eye, to summon 
them to communicate with Celestine, and, if they 
did not comply with the summons in twenty days, 
to banish them a hundred miles from Rome. This 
law was issued by Placidia, who, upon the death 
of her brother Honcrius, which happened in the 
month of August, 423, and that of the usurper 
John, killed in 425, governed the western empire, 
as a guardian to her son Valentinian III. The law 
she issued, probably put an end to the schism ; for no 
lb. 
167. 
The 
is made of it by any historian."— 
b. p 
 The year 430 is one of the most remarkable 
years in the annals of the Church. For it was 
in that year that the famous dispute began be-
tween Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, and 
St. Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, which rent the 
Church into two opposite and irreconcilable fac-
tions. What gave occasion to that dispute was, 
the title of Mother of God,' which began at 
this time to be commonly given to the Virgin 
Mary. 'Such a title Nestorius thought very im-
proper."—Ib. p. 175. 
Nestorius is " condemned by a Council at 
Rome."—p. 176. An (Ecumenical Council is 
summoned by the Emperor to meet at Ephesus, 
which condemns him also. The Emperor at first 
favored him, but afterwards declared against him. 
This brings us to the death of Pope Celestine 
in 432. 
" Thus far the history of the popes has been mere-
ly ecclesiastical, and therefore less entertaining ; but 
the affairs of the church will begin very soon to be 
so interwoven with those of the state, as to render the 
history both ecclesiastical and civil. The popes will 
soon make a very different figure from that which 
they have hitherto made ; no longer mere bishops, 
but bishops and princes; and the bishop almost en-
tirely lost in the prince ; no longer contending only 
with their colleagues for spiritual power and juris-
diction, but, at the same time, with the greatest 
monarchs for dominion and empire ; nay, employ-
ing the sword as well as the keys, and heading, as 
directed by their ambition or interest, both coun-
cils and armies. We shall see the western empire 
utterly extinct, and Italy successively invaded, and 
partly held by the lieruli, by the Goths, by the 
Greeks, the Lombards, the French, the Italians, 
the Germans, and the Normans ; and the popes 
managing their affairs, in all these revolutions, 
with so much art and address, as to reap, from 
most of them, some considerable advantage for 
themselves."—lb. p. 186. 
Leo was elected Pope in 432. The Hanichees 
giving him seine trouble, he obtained a law from 
the Emperor against them, and " they were 
stripped of all their effects, driven from their 
habitations, and condemned to perish for want, 
in the deserts, or the most inhospitable places 
of the Empire. These punishments, it is true, 
were inflicted by the imperial edicts and laws, 
for the Church load not yet acquired any tem-
poral power; but they were procured, as is 
well known, by the rulers of the Church, espe-
cially by the Bishops of Rome ; and it was gen-
erally speaking, at their request and solicita-
tion, that they were put in execution."—lb. 197. 
Leo's zeal did not stop here, but applying 
to the Emperor Valentinian III., who was then 
in Rome . .. obtained a law dated 19th June, 
445, confirming all the laws enacted against 
them by his predecessors, and commanding them 
to be treated as sacrilegious persons, banishing 
them from the cities, excluding them from all 
employments both civil and military, declaring 
them incapable of giving or receiving anything 
by will or testament, or suing any one at law, 
or making any contract."—Ib. p. 198. 
On the 8th of Oct. 451, was assembled the 
famous Council of Chalcedon. It was the most 
numerous council that had been held, and con-
sisted of 630 bishops. (p. 211.) 
This Council was to decide the disputed point 
whether Christ was in two natures, or only of 
two natures, 
" It was this small difference . that set all 
the bishops of the church at variance, and influ-
ence&them to the degree we have seen, The 
council decided that the two natures were united 
without change, division or mixture ; and en-
trusted not in two persons, but in one—p. 213. 
" It was in those times no less dangerous to 
speak or write upon matters of faith, than under 
the greatest tyrants upon matters of state ; for 
as everything there, that is said or written is 
called treason ; so everything here was called 
heresy, and punished as such."-a--lb. p, 214. 
The 28th canon of the council of Chalcedon, 
placed the bishop of New Rome (Constantinople,) 
next in dignity to that of Old Rome, with corres-
ponding privileges, which greatly offended Pope 
Leo, 
" The presumption and invincible obstinacy which 
Leo betrayed on this occasion, gave great offence 
to all the bishops who had assisted at the council. 
They could not brook his presumption, taxing, as 
he did in all his letters, so numerous a council with 
a breach of the canons of Nice, as if he alone had 
reached the true meaning of those canons, or alone 
had a due regard for the discipline established by 
them in the church. But the emperor was so far 
from resenting, as the fathers of the council thought 
he would do. Leo's thus premptorily refusing to 
comply with his request, that on the contrary he 
commended him for his inviolable attachment to 
the canons of the fathers ; nay, and obliged Ana-
tolius, upon Leo's threatening a second time to cut 
him off from his communion, to appease the angry 
pope by a letter, well calculated indeed for that 
purpose, but ill becoming a prelate of Anatolius' 
dignity and rank in the church."--lb. pp. 219, 220. 
" The good emperor thought himself bound both as 
a Christian, and as emperor, to maintain the peace 
of the church at any rate ; and to prevent the bish-
ops from quarrelling about power, after he had, 
with so much trouble, brought them to agree about 
the faith. But, on the other hand, he was too well 
acquainted with the jealous temper of the bishop 
of Rome, too sensible of the umbrage he took at 
the least increase of power in his rival of Constan-
tinople, though he strove to disguise it with the 
specious name of zeal for the canons, to imagine 
he ever would yield. In order therefore to divert 
him from rekindling the war, and involving the 
church with new troubles, which his excommuni-
cating Anatolius would unavoidably have done so, 
he obliges the latter, who was his subject to sub-
mit, and write the letter I have mentioned. Thus 
were many prerogatives, which the bishops of Rome 
have since claimed as their right, extorted either 
from princes, or their own colleagues, choosing 
rather to gratify them in their demands, however 
unreasonable, than to endanger the peace of the 
church, by opposing them as they ought to have 
done."—lb. pp. 220, 221. 
Under Pope Hilarius in 466, the emperor 
Anthemius, gave leave " for Christians of all 
denominations to assemble publicly by them-
selves to own openly the doctrines they held, 
and to serve God in the manner which they be- 
lieved to be most agreeable to him . but the 
Pope, in the utmost alarm and consternation 
opposed it with so much warmth, that the Em-
peror thought it advisable to revoke the permis-
sion he had granted before it took place."—Ib. 
p. 255. 
In the year 472, Acacius is chosen Bishop of 
Constantinople and quarrels with the Pope re-
specting the supremacy of his see.—Th. p. 258. 
We find in the foregoing historical references, 
bishops compelled to sign articles or forfeit their 
sees—compelled by the imperial power—com-
pelled by that to submit to the popes—their 
rights of conscience thus violated—and all the 
characteristics that marked A. D. 1819. So that 
if' those charaetcristics mark the rise of the Pa-
pacy, it had arisen long before that date. And 
if had not arisen long before that date, then 
those characteristics are not such as mark the 
epoch from which to date its rise. 
It is replied to this, that its rise is not only 
marked by those characteristics, but that they 
must occur when there are ten horns and before 
one is plucked up. Well we have now come to 
the subversion of the Western Empire in A. D. 
476, when Odoacer established the last of ten 
contemporary kingdoms, and it continued till 
the Ostrogoths subverted it in 473. What do 
we find in this period. 
Zeno, emperor of the East, had been driven 
from his throne, but returned to it in 477. 
" Zeno no sooner found himself replaced on the 
throne, than he wrote to Simplicius, returning 
him thanks for the zeal and steadiness with which 
he had, in conjunction with Acacius, opposed Ba-
siliscus. In the same letter he assures the pope, 
that he has brought with him to the throne a firm 
resolution to abolish the Eutychian heresy, to exter-
minate all who profess it, to cause the council of 
Chalcedon to be received by all, and to restore Sa-
lophacialus to the see of Alexandria. The pope,/ 
 
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Anal.111061.11a. 
 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
sratrarereasinaCtiermvess,sqrsrmenemmes. 
summing up the result says of the Catholic wri-
ters : 
" None of them have been able to show, and we 
may well defy them, with all their art and elo-
quence, even to show, what evil would have oc-
curred to the faith of the Church or to the Chris-
tian religion, from the name of Acacius, the sub-
ject of the dispute being kept in the diptych, or 
what good would have occurred from its being 
erased." 
" The two sees united again in faith and charity." 
That is what was effected. By this the eastern did 
not become a part of the western, but was as inde-
pendent as ever. By the re-union, they again 
agreed to love and fellowship each other,—as they 
had at several previous times agreed to do. But 
an entire union of all the churches was not even 
now effected. For Bower states that : 
" Timotheus, Bishop of Alexandria, . . . bid, in 
a manner, defiance to the emperor, boldly declar-
ing, that he would anathematize, to his last breath, 
the Council of Chalcedon, together with Leo, and 
all his letters ; that he scorned to receive laws of 
the bishops of Rome ; and that he would neither 
be taught nor directed by them. As the people of 
Alexandria were extremely devoted to their bishop, 
ever ready to revolt, and most zealously attached 
to the doctrine of Eutychus, which they believed 
to be, and it would be no easy task to prove it was 
not, the genuine doctrine of their patriarch Cyril, 
the emperor thought it advisable to dissemble for 
the present, and patiently wait till an opportunity 
offered of bringing back the Egyptians by gentle 
methods to the unity of the Church."—p. 319. 
This was in 519 ; so that there was not effected, 
after all, a union of all the churches, which, ac-
cording to the argument put forth, is necessary to 
prove, in order to date from that epoch. 
In Thessalonica there was no better success : 
" To Thessalonica was despatched from Constan-
tinople one of the legates, John the bishop, with 
several ecclesiastics in his retinue ; and Count Li-
cinius, a person of great distinction, was appointed 
by the emperor to attend them. But the terms of 
union seemed so very unreasonable to Dorotheus, 
metropolitan and bishop of that city, that while 
the legate was reading them in a public assembly, 
he could not forbear snatching them out of his 
hand, and tearing them in his presence. There 
wanted no more to raise the populace, who falling 
upon the legate, and those who were with him, 
killed his host, and two of his ecclesiastics, wounded 
him dangerously in three places, and would have 
taken his life, had not Count Licinius brought, in 
great haste, the soldiery to his rescue, and con-
veyed him to one of the cnurches ; and there he 
continued, not daring to appear abroad, till the 
emperor, informed of what had happened sent for 
Dorotheus to Constantinople."—Ib. p. 319. 
These extracts, it will be noticed, are from the 
page following that from which they have quoted. 
If any wonder that they should have stopped where 
they did and omitted them, we cannot join in 
their wonder. The extracts would not have read 
well after such staring italics and CAPITALS. 
Bower proceeds to state that the Pope, highly 
incensed against Dorotheus, wanted him sent to 
Rome to be tried : 
" But the emperor, without hearkening to the le-
gates, ordered Dorotheus to be tried at Constanti-
nople ; and all his punishment was to be sent to 
Heraclea, whence he was suffered, after a few days' 
confinement, to return to his see . . . on condition 
that he should appease the Pope, and send for that 
purpose a solemn legation to Rome. With this 
condition the metropolitan complied, the following 
year, 520, and at the same time wrote to the Pope, 
styling him, in the address, the most holy and 
blessed father, and fellow minister,' &e. But how-
ever lavish of his praises, he took care to avoid all 
expressions that could be construed into any kind 
of subjection or even submission ; for instead of de-
scending to apologies and excuses, he arraigned 
the legates, who had accused him, of slander and 
calumny, declaring, that he was so far from having 
been any ways concerned in the late riot, as they 
had maliciously suggested, that on the contrary, 
to save the life of the venerable bishop, he had 
even exposed his own. This was certainly false, if 
what the legates wrote to the Pope was true. But 
the Emperor being satisfied, the Pope was obliged 
to be satisfied too. Dorotheus probably signed on 
this occasion the articles of union, and was recon-
ciled to Roine."—lb. pp. 319, 320. 
Thus Dorotheus did not come into the union till 
520, and then in a manner that the Pope was ob-
liged to be satisfied with ; while Alexandria still 
stood out. But Bower adds! 
" The two patriarchs, of Constantinople and An-
tioch, had, in compliance with the articles sent 
from Rome, struck out of the diptychs the name of 
Acacius, and, together with his, the names of the 
orthodox bishops, who had died out of the commu-
nion of Rome, as I have related above ; and their 
example was readily followed, with respect to the 
name of Acacius. But, as to the name of the other 
bishops, the far greater part peremptorily refused 
to erase them, saying, that they had rather live fur 
ever separated from Rome, than thus stigmatize 
the memory of so many eminent prelates, who had 
deserved so well of the Catholic faith, who were no 
less orthodox than the Pope himself, and had given 
more convincing proofs of their orthodoxy than he 
had ever occasion to give. The bishops were backed 
by their clergy ; and the people, joining both, be-
gan to mutiny, to exclaim against the pope, to com-
plain of the emperor, for gratifying him in so un-
reasonable a demand, and, making the cause of the 
Catholic bishops the Catholic cause, to look upon 
all, who were for suppressing their names, as 
friends to Eutyches, and enemies to the Church' 
The emperor, count Justinian, his nephew, and 
Epiphanius the new patriarch, who had succeeded 
in the beginning of this year, to John the Cappa-
docian, alarmed at the general discontent that 
reigned among the people as well as the clergy, 
and dreading the effects of the popular zeal, in-
stead of using violence with the refractory bishops, 
which they knew would be attended with a great 
deal of bloodshed, and might, in the end, cost the 
emperor the loss of his crown, resolved to recur to 
the Pope, and try whether they could not pre ail 
upon him to be satisfied with their erasing the 
name of Acacius alone. With this view Justin-
ian wrote to Rome the first, acquainting the Pope, 
that neither the people, the clergy, nor the bishops, 
though threatened with exile, nay, and with fire 
and sword, could be induced to omit, at divine 
service, the names of so many holy Catholic pre-
lates ; and, at the same time, conjuring his holi-
ness, as he tendered the welfare of the church, 
and the peace of the state, not to insist on that 
point, since he would thereby involve both in a 
new war, and more dangerous troubles than either 
had hitherto felt. Your holiness,' says he in his 
letter, ought to consider the nature of things, and 
the difference of times ; and, being satisfied with 
the condemnation of Acacius, of Dioscorus, of Ti-
motheus ./Elurus, Petrus Mongus, and Petrus Ful-
lo, end:at last this obstinate contest. It is not by 
persecution and bloodshed, but sacerdotal patience, that 
men are to be gained to God : by striving to gain 
souls, we often destroy both bodies and souls : it is by 
mildness and lenity alone that old errors can be correct-
ed.' "—lb. p. 320. 
" But the Pope (in A. D. 521) was deaf to all re-
monstrances and reasons. He still insisted on the 
condemnation, not only of Acacias, but of all who 
had communicated with him, or his memory."—p. 
320. 
" The emperor, though so great a bigot, was so 
far from hearkening to the suggestions of the 
Pope, that, on the contrary, greatly offended at 
his obstinacy, and more at his principles, he 
joined, in the end, his subjects against him ; and, 
commendine•
° 
 them for the regard they paid to the 
memory of their Catholic pastors, allowed them, 
without giving himself any farther trouble about 
the consent of his Holiness, to keep all their names 
in the diptychs. The Pope, finding he could not 
prevail, thought it advisable to dissemble ; and 
wrote accordingly to the patriarch, empowering 
him to receive all to the communion of Rome, who, 
anathematizing Acacius, and the others mentioned 
above, condemned their memories. As no mention 
was made, in that letter, of the orthodox bishops 
the patriarch obliged none to erase their names ; 
nay, he replaced in the diptychs, with the appro-
bation of- the emperor, the names of Eupheinius 
and Macedonius, v, hich his predecessor had can-
celled ; and the Pope, by not disapproving., tacitly 
approved what he had done. And thus was an en-
tire reconciliation at last brought about, we may 
say, in spits of the Pope."—lb. 321. 
It seems, after all, that the reconciliation be-
tween the east and west was not effected till 521 ; 
and then it was done by the pope yielding to the 
emperor. Nor was this the end of all schism-. 
Bower proceeds to say : 
" The east and the west were now (in 521) ham 
pily reconciled, after so long and obstinate a divis-
ion. But the church was not suffered to enjoy the 
peace and tranquillity, which she had reason to 
expect from that reconciliation. New disputes'. 
arose daily among her members ; and one, which 
had been already carried on for sonic time remained 
undecided. The dispute was, whether one of the 
Trinity,' or one person of the Trinity,' should be 
said to have suffered iu the flesh.' "--lb. 321. 
The Scythian monks maintained the former. Be-
ing arraigned of heresy for that belief, they " had 
recourse to the legates of the pope, who were then 
at Constantinople ; for the dispute," says Bower, 
" began in 519, and the legates having several 
times heard both Victor and them, instead of re-
conciling them, and showing that their meaning 
was the same, and their disagreement only about 
words, gave sentence in favor of the former. The 
monks did not acquiesce in their judgment, but 
highly provoked," appealed to the pope. (lb. p. 
322.) 
The pope confirmed the sentence of the legates, 
and abused the deputies of the monks. After be-
ing detained by the pope in Rome a year, they es-
caped in the night, leaving posted up on public 
places, their confession of faith, and anathemas of 
all who did not receive it. This caused the pope 
in 522 to call them all manner of hard names, in 
a letter to an African bishop. This was answered 
by one of the monks, who " treats the pope worse, 
if possible, than he had treated the monks."—
lb. p. 322. 
No one dared to reply to this ; and pope " Hor-
misdas had the mortification to see, before he died, 
(523), the bishops of the east, all to a man, and 
likewise the Catholic bishops of Africa, with St. 
Fulgentius at their head, that is the far greater 
part of the church, engaged in defence of the 
monks, and condemning with them all, who did 
not admit the expression, which he had condemned. 
Had Ile lived a few years longer, he would have 
seen that expression adopted by time whole Catho-
lic church, who did not approve and receive it, as 
I shall have occasion to relate hereafter."—/b. 
p. 323. 
Thus much for the boasted re-union of the 
church, and the healing of all schisms. To use a 
in his answer, dated the 9th of October, e'ong,ratu-
dates Zeno on his restoration, approves- and com-
mends the godly resolution he had taken to extir-
pate all who were infected with the Elitychian her-
esy, and begs him not only to drive cent IllAutus, 
and restore Salophacialus, but to condemn to per-
petual banishment all who had been ordained by 
the former,"—lb. p. 265. 
" A council'was convened without delay, and, by 
all who composed it, the doctrine of Eutyches was 
anathematized and condemned ; Paul of Ephesus, 
and Fullo of AntiOch, the abettors of that heresy, 
were excommunicated and deposed ; the symbol or 
decree of Chalcedon was received as the only rule 
and standard of the Christian faith, concerning the 
Incarnation ; and the same curses were now pro-
nounced, nay, and by the same persons, against 
all, who did not receive it as such, that had been 
pronounced but a few months before, against all 
who did." . . . . But now at Antioch the two par-
ties were so exasperated against each other, that 
the emperor, apprehensive of the disturbances that 
would infallibly attend the ordaining of a new bish-
op in that city, commanded Acacius to perform the 
ceremony at Constantinople."—lb. p. 260. 
" The pope, in his answer to these letters, approves 
the ordination, since the distracted state of the 
church of Antioch had made it necessary ; but 
strongly recommends to the emperor the observance 
of his promise, and warns Acacius to forbear, in 
time to conic, all attempts of the like nature, that 
no room may be left for complaints on either side." 
p. 267. 
Here is the Pope and Emperor acting in con-
cert, and all the foregoing decrees against heretics 
still in force. 
In 584 the Pope and Acacius again quarrel 
and excommunicate each other. 
" The conduct of Acacius was approved not only 
by the emperor, and the whole church of Constan-
tinople, three abbots excepted, and some of their 
monks, but by almost all the bishops in the east, 
even by Andreas of Thessalonica, at that time the 
pope's Vicar for east Illyricum. They all joined 
Acacius, and together with him, separated them-
selves from the communion of the Pope, and of 
such as communicated with him, that is, of all 
their brethren in the west. Such was the rise, and 
such the occasion, of the first general schism, a 
schism that continued for the space of thirty-five 
years, between the east and the west, between the 
Latin and Greek Churches."—lb. p. 276. 
In 485 " All communion and correspondence be-
tween the east and the west being entirely broken 
off, the emperor, to maintain concord and unity 
among the bishops in his dominions, issued an or-
der, commanding all, without distinction, to be de-
posed, as disturbers of the public peace, who should 
refuse to sign the henoticon, or to communicate 
with the most holy archbishops of Constantinople 
and Alexandria. With this order the far greater 
part readily complied ; and the few who did not, 
were, pursuant to the emperor's order, deposed, 
driven from their sees, and sent into exile ; inso-
much that in the term of a few months there was 
not a single bishop to be found in the whole east, 
who had not written letters of communion to Mon-
gus and Acacius, and thereby renounced the com-
munion of Rome."—lb. p. 277. 
In 489 Acacias dies and Fravitas is chosen 
Bishop of Constantinople. Pope Felix, insisted 
on his erasing the name of Acacius from the 
diptychs in the list of bishops, and made that a 
condition of reconciliation with Constantinople. 
The Bishop refused.—p. 278. 
In the height of these disturbances and 
divisions Zeno died in April 491 and Anastasius 
was chosen to succeed him—promising upon oath 
to take the council of Chalcedon for the rule of 
his belief."—p. 279. 
" Anastasius was himself strongly inclined to 
the doctrine of Eutyches ; but nevertheless began 
his reign with granting liberty of conscience to 
all his subjects; it being unworthy of a Christian 
emperor, as he declared in his edict for toleration, 
to trouble or persecute any who, together with 
him, adored Christ."—p. 280. 
Till this edict, the laws against heretics had been 
in force. When the schism of 519 was healed, 
it only put them back in their previous position. 
In 496 Anastasius was chosen Pope—the 
Emperor Anastasius being on the throne of 
Constantinople. The new Pope is desirous of 
putting an end to the present disturbances. He 
sends legates into the East, and writes to the 
emperor.—p. 292. 
The legates are well received by the emperor, 
who thinks the Pope ought to let Acacius' name 
remain with those who had held the office of 
bishop ; the Pope is disposed to yield.—p. 293. 
He dies.—p. 295. 
Symmachus, and Laurentius, being each chosen 
Pope at the same time, the Emperor Anastasius 
sided with the latter. By the authority of 
Theodoric the conqueror of Odoacer, and the 
up of the Heruli, gave the Popedom to 
• 
the former. An attempt to impeach the Pope 
for crimes laid to his charge, before a council at 
Rome, is defeated by the Pope on the ground 
that no tribunal is competent to impeach him, 
and he is thus absolved by the assembled bishops 
At this result the Emperor Anastasius is so piqued 
that he libels the Pope, and the Pope indignantly 
replies. This is in 502, and is the " quarrel " 
referred to by Elder Berick. (See pp. 300-304.) 
The Emperor attempted some changes in the 
public service, which occasioned great disturb-
ance at Constantinople. It was a contest between 
the Orthodox and Monophosytes or Eutychians, 
who wished to add the phrase " who was crucified 
for us," to the '' trisagion," or '' Holy, holy, 
holy, Lord God of hosts." Anastasius took part 
for the addition, and Macedonius, Patriarch of 
Constantinople, against it. 
" The Eutychians endeavored to drive the bish-
op from his see, but he had the mob on his side. 
The next morning the bishop was missing—hav-
ing been banished and one Timotheus installed 
in his place. 
Some time after, as each party was singing the 
Trisagion in their own way, from singing they 
came to blows, the Catholics triumphed, and 
10,000 of the Eutychians were murdered in the 
streets of Constantinople. The emperor fled 
from the city ; at the end of three days he dared 
to implore the mercy of his subjects. Without 
the diadem and in the posture of a suppliant 
Anastasius appeared on the throne of the circus. 
The Catholics, before his face, rehearsed their 
genuine Trisagion ; they exulted in the offer 
which he proclaimed by the voice of a herald, of 
abdicating the purple . • and they accepted 
theblood of two unpopular ministers, whom their 
master, without hesitation, condemned to the 
lions." (Gibbon, vol. 3, p. 262.) 
Thus was the emperor humbled by his Catholic 
subjects in 511. 
But " forgetful of his promise, he began anew 
to persecute, and under various pretences, drive 
from their sees, all who did not anathematize the 
council of Chalcedon." (Bower, p. 308.) 
The Catholic bishops applied to the Pope; but 
he would not interfere for them while the name 
of Acacius was in the diptychs. Bower says : 
Symmachus concerned himself no more with 
the affairs of the east ; but, leaving the Orthodox 
there to shift for themselves, in the best manner 
they could, applied himself to the restoring of ec-
clesiastical discipline in the west."—Ib. p. 308. 
Getting no compassion from the Pope, the 
condition of the exiled bishops awakened the 
sympathy of Vitalian, Anastasius' general of 
cavalry, who espoused the Catholic cause, and 
rose up against his emperor. 
In 514, Hormisdas was elected Pope. " He 
had not been long in possession of his see, when 
to his great joy and surprise, he received a let-
ter from the emperor," which had been written 
in accordance with the conditions of peace made 
with Vitalian, which reads as follows : 
That the Emperor should immediately is-
sue orders for putting an effectual stop to the 
persecution of the orthodox, and allow his sub-
jects to profess the faith of Chalcedon without 
molestation. 
That he should restore the exiled Bish-
ops to their sees, especially Macedonius of Con-
stantinople and Flavianus of Antioch. 
" 3.. That he should call an Ecumenical Coun-
cil, invite the Pope to it, and suffer, without in-
terposing his authority, the decrees made against 
those who maintained the two natures, to be im-
partially examined by the Bishops. These ar-
ticles being signed and sworn to by the Emperor, 
by the whole Senate, and by all the magistrates 
of the city, Vitalian set at liberty the prisoners 
he had taken and disbanded his troops and 
withdrew to his government. It was in compli-
ance with this treaty that the Emperor wrote to 
the Pope, begging his apostleship to concur with 
him in restoring to the church the wished for 
unity It was carried by Patricius, a man 
of rank, who left Constantinople on the 12th of 
January 515, and arriving at Rome on the 1st 
of April. . . . The Emperor's letter to Hormis-
das was answered three days after he received 
it."—Bower, p. 310. 
Gibbon says of this :—" Such was the event of 
the first of the religious wars, which have been 
waged in the name, and by the disciples of the God 
of peace "—v. 3, p. 263. 
In 518, Anastasius dies, and Justin is elected 
in his stead. We now come to the period covered 
by the extracts from Bower in the article of Elder 
Berick to which this is a reply, and which extracts 
may be read in this connection. After perusing 
those extracts,. will the reader return to this con-
nection. And let him decide if he can what great 
THING was effected by the healing of this schism ! 
The Pope had no more power than before ; and we 
fully acquiesce in the language of Bower, who in 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVENT HERALD 
 
 
111UNAMISUNEM.W 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
common expression, it appears to have been done 
" a little over the left." 
Hormisdas was succeeded by pope John in 523. 
In 524 Justinian passed an edict for the Arians to 
deliver up their churches to the Catholic bishops. 
The Arians in the east, had recourse to Theodoric 
king of Ravenna, and an Arian. He compelled 
the pope to go to Constantinople and obtain a re-
peal of the edict against the Arians. This was 
effected. On the return of the pope, Theodoric, 
not satisfied with the report of the embassy, or the 
pope and the other embassadors, " ordered them 
to be conveyed from the palace to the public jail." 
The pope died in prison on the 18th of May of the 
following year, 526."—lb. pp. 325-7. 
John Xl. was elected Pope in 532. 
According to Bower, Justinian also issued an 
edict to effect a union—it not having been effected 
yet. Bower says of the church : 
The Catholic Emperor was employing the most 
unjust and unchristian means of clearing her from 
all heresies in the east, that of persecution, and 
the most cruel' persecution any Christian Emperor 
had yet set on foot or countenanced. For by an 
edict which he issued to unite all men in one faith, 
whether Jew, Gentiles, or Christians, such as did 
not in the term of three months, embrace and pro-
fess the Catholic faith, were declared infamous, 
and, as such, excluded from all employments, both 
civil and military, rendered incapable of leaving 
anything by will, and their estates confiscated, 
whether real or personal. These were convincing 
arguments of the truth of the Catholic faith ; but 
many however withstood them ; and against such 
as did, the imperial edict was executed with the 
utmost rigor."—P. p. 334. 
In " the following year 533, was revived with 
great warmth in the east, the dispute about the ex-
pression one of the Trinity suffered in the flesh.' " 
—lb. p. 335. 
The Emperor, hearing that its opposers were 
about sending to the Pope respecting it, also wrote 
him a letter and despatched two bishops with it to 
Rome. It seems that as late as this date 533, the 
priests of the whole east had not been united or sub-
jected to the Pope ; for had they been, Justinian 
would hardly have been in such haste to subject and 
unite them as he asserts in the following letter to 
the pope : 
" Justinian, pious, fortunate, renowned, trium-
phant emperor, consul, &c., to John, the most holy 
Archbishop of our city of Rome, and Patriarch. 
" Rendering honor to the Apostolic chair, and 
to your Holiness, as has been always and is our 
wish, and honoring your blessedness as a father ; 
we have hastened to bring to the knowledge of 
your Holiness all matters relating to the state of 
the churches. It having been at all times our 
great desire to preserve the unity of your Apostolic 
chair, and the constitution of the holy churches of 
God which has obtained hitherto, and still obtains. 
" Therefore we have made no delay in subjecting 
and uniting to your Holiness all the priests of the 
whole East. 
" For this reason we have thought fit to bring 
to your notice the present matters of disturbance ; 
though they are manifest and unquestionable, and 
always firmly held and declared by the whole 
priesthood according to the doctrine of your Apos- 
tolic chair. For we cannot suffer that anything 
which relates to the state of the Church, however 
manifest and unquestionable, should be moved. 
without the knowledge of your Holiness, who are 
the Head of all the Holy Churches, for in all 
things, as we have already declared, we are anx-
ious to increase the honor and authority of your 
Apostolic chair." 
" In 534, the Pope returned an answer, respect-
ing the language of the Emperor, applauding his 
homage to the See, and adopting the titles of the 
imperial mandate. . . . From this era the church 
of Rome dates the earthly acknowledgment of her 
claim. Its heavenly authority is referred to the 
remoter source of all the apostles."—Dr. Croly, 
Apoc. pp. 14-16, 31. 
FOREIGN NEWS.—The Atlantic steamer, which ar-
rived at New York on the 16th, reports that Tur-
key has declared war against Russia, and brings 
the rumor that hostilities have commenced. By 
our next we hope for some intelligence more defi-
nite. 
" The whole church was at this time, rent,' as 
Justinian expresses it, from east to west ; that is, 
it was divided into two opposite parties, the one 
condemning the three chaplars.' But by neither 
was the pope acknowledged for an infallible judge 
in the dispute, that occasioned this division."— 
p. 369. 
As we continue down in the history of the pa-
pacy, we find that the pope continues to quarrel 
with the emperor, and the emperor with the 
pope. They have reconciliations and quarrel anew. 
Schisms continue. The east and west diverge far-
ther and farther from each other, until at length 
there is little union of charity and faith between 
them. But our space will not permit our continu-
ing to make extracts. We have given enough to 
show that the characteristics relied on to mark the 
rise of the papacy, no more marked its existence 
in 519, than at other periods ; and that it is pre-
sumptuous in the extreme, to lay hold of one date, 
 
as a certain point of time from which to reckon, 
where there is so little to distinguish it from ear-
lier or later epochs. Our own convictions are, 
that the writer of that article has entirely mistaken 
the characteristics from which to date. The 1290 
days were to be reckoned from sonic abomination 
in Palestine ; for that was the Holy place that was 
to be desolated. The 1260 days mark the period 
during which the saints should be in the hands of 
the papacy; but the 1290 must be connected with 
Judea. If they are also connected with the papacy, 
which we have no idea of, then brother Litch is 
right in contending that they are to be reckoned 
from some point in the future—the papacy not yet 
being in possession of the kodesh mountain, which 
was to be desolated by the overspreading of abomi-
nations till the consummation. 
We will continue our remarks under the head of 
The Decree of Napoleon," on page 343 of the 
Herald, following the article of Elder Berick. 
assumes in that edict The Emperor re- 
quired the Pope to receive it, as well as the other 
patriarchs, which, in truth, was dictating to him, 
in matters of faith, as well as to the other patri-
archs."—lb. p. 353. 
Justinian then determined " out of his great zeal 
for the unity of the faith, and the peace and tran-
quillity of the church," to proceed in the same 
manner against the Acephali ; and to oblige all to 
anathematize that sect on pain of forfeiting their 
sees ; but he is diverted from it by Theodosius, 
Bishop of Cmesarea, who advises him to condemn 
certain writing, that had been passed over by the 
Council of Chalcedon.—lb. p. 353. 
" The edict was entitled, The Emperor Justin-
ian's Confession of Faith, addressed to the assem-
bly of the Catholic and Apostolic Church.' It 
contains an exposition at large of the Tatholic 
faith, which the Emperor proposes to the whole 
world, in order to unite all Christians in one be-
lief."—lb. p. 354. 
" This edict alarmed the Orthodox party, and 
much more the positive order sent by the Emperor 
to all the patriarchs, enjoining them to receive it. 
. . . . Finding the Emperor would hearken to no 
remonstrances, they (in the east) complied in the 
end, and chose rather to sign the edict, however 
injurious to the Council of Chalcedon."—lb. p. 354. 
" In the west, it met with no less vigorous than 
general opposition. Vigilius (the Pope) and the 
other bishops of Italy, as well as those of Gaul 
and Africa, all declared unanimously against it, 
as evidently striking at what they called the very 
foundation of the Catholic faith, the authority of 
councils."—lb. p. 354. 
The Emperor commands the Pope to appear at 
Constantinople and answer for his opposition to 
the edict. The Pope repaired thither, declares 
against the edict, but finally yields to the menaces 
of the Emperor.—lb. p. 355. 
For this act, the African bishops excommunicate 
the pope, and some of his own ecclesiastics sepa-
rate from his communion. This general opposi-
tion alarms the pope, he repents of what he has 
done, overreaches the emperor, and has his com-
pliance with the edict revoked. The emperor issues 
a new edict, which is opposed by the pope and 
western bishops (A. D. 551.) The quarrel contin-
ues till the emperor " caused the pope to be seized, 
and conveyed, under a strong guard, to Procon-
nesus, an inhospitable island in the Propontis. 
The other bishops in the West," who refused com-
pliance with the emperor's wishes were " all driv- 
en from their sees and sent into different exiles."—
lb. p. 366. 
The pope had already changed his opinion three 
times, and now to regain his liberty he changes it 
a fourth time, and is restored by the emperor to 
his see. But Bower says : 
The pope flattered by the deference of Constan-
tine, in 534, declares the expression orthodox which 
his predecessor had pronounced heretical. (Bower, 
p. 336.) 
Justinian, now in full fellowship with the pope, 
attempts the reduction of Italy, being encouraged 
thereto by the surprising success which had at-
tended his arms in the reduction of Africa. And 
this would make two more, making three of the 
first ten kingdoms plucked up. 
" Rome was still in possession of an Arian mon-
arch, who was the bitter enemy of the Catholic 
church. Intelligence of the success of Belisarius 
in Africa reached the emperor, Dec. 16th, A. D. 
533. Impatient to abolish the temporal and 
spiritual tyranny of the Vandals, he proceeded, 
without delay, to the full establishment of the Catho-
lic Church.'"—Gibbon, Harpers' ed., v. 3, p. 67. 
In the progress of the war in Italy, Theodosius, 
the new Gothic king, obliged the pope to go to 
Constantinople and beg peace of the emperor. 
The pope " far advanced in years, but nevertheless 
not daring to decline the commission, set out, with-
out delay, in the very beginning of the following 
year, 536."—Bower, p. 339. 
The pope reaches Constantinople, but the Gothic 
king had changed his mind about a peace, and the 
pope had no occasion to mention it to the emperor ; 
but was occupied with different matters. 
Anthimus, had been elected bish6p of Constan- 
tinople in 535. Being suspected of Eutychianism, 
and being patronized by the empress who was 
known to countenance that party, the pope would 
not communicate with him. (lb. p. 340.) 
The empress entered into the defence of the bish-
op. The pope and emperor quarrelled. The em-
peror threatened to send the pope into exile unless 
he acknowledged the bishop ; and the pope offered 
to go, or to lay down his life, which so excited the 
emperor's admiration that the pope persuaded him 
to decide against the bishop, who was consequently 
deposed and the pope and emperor became friends. 
(lb. p. 340.) 
Silverius being chosen pope in 536, and Belesa-
rius, the General of Justinian having effected an 
entrance into Rome, the empress Theodora strives 
to gain the new pope over to the Eutychian party. 
She wrote to him commanding him to acknowl-
edge the deposed Anthimus as bishop of Constan-
tinople. He refused ; and she determined imme-
diately to depose the pope. (lb. 345.) 
The deacon Vigilius, who had accompanied a 
former pope to Constantinople was still in that 
city. Bower says of him : 
" He was a man of excellent parts and great ad-
dress, but ambitious beyond measure, and ready to 
trample under foot not only the canons or laws of 
the church, but every principle of honor, virtue, or 
religion that stood in the way of his ambition. 
The Empress, therefore, who was no stranger to 
his character, resolved . . . . to have the Pope 
deposed, and the deacon, who had long aspired to 
the papal dignity, and who she well knew would 
stick at nothing to earn it, chosen in his room."—
lb. p. 345. 
" She sent for him accordingly, and, after a 
short preamble on the base and undeserved treat-
ment Anthimus, and those of his party, had met 
with, she let the deacon know, that now her ser-
vant Belisarius was master of Rome, it was in her 
power to dispose of the Roman See to whom she 
pleased ; and that she was determined Silverius 
should be removed, and that she would cause him 
to be substituted in his room, provided he would 
engage and promise, in writing, to condemn the 
Council of Chalcedon, to receive to his commun-
ion Anthimus, Severns, Theodosius, the Eutychian 
Bishop of Alexandria, with all who were of the 
same persuasion, and approve, by his letters, their 
tenets and doctrine. If you agree to these terms, 
said the Empress, I will transmit, by you, an order 
for Belisarius, enjoining him to drive out Silve-
rius, to place you on his see ; and will present 
you besides with seven hundred pieces of gold. To 
these terms Vigilius agreed, without the least hesi-
tation."—Ib. p. 345. 
Vigilius goes to Rome, gives the order of the 
Empress to Belisarius, and bribes his compliance, 
with the offer of " two hundred pieces of gold out 
of the seven which he was to receive."—lb. p. 345. 
" Rome was, at this time " (537) " besieged by 
the Goths, and Belisarius in it. For Vitiges, re-
turning from Ravenna, whither he had retired the 
year before to levy new forces, advanced to the city, 
and in the month of March of the present year, in-
vested it with an army of one hundred and fifty 
thousand men strong The siege supplied 
Vigilius, and those of his party, with matter for a 
plausible charge against Silverius. For by them 
the Pope was arraigned of high treason, and a 
letter was produced, which they pretended to have 
been written by him, inviting the king of the Goths 
into the city by the Asinarian gate, which the 
Pope there promised to have opened at his ap-
iroach."—lb. pp. 345-6. 
On this false and malicious charge the Pope was 
deposed, driven into exile, and Vigilius appointed 
in his room. 
" Belisarius ordered the people and clergy to 
Proceed to a new election ; and recommended Vi-
gilius, who was accordingly chosen, and ordained 
on the 22d of Nov. of the present year 537."—lb. 
p. 347. 
The Emperor Justinian knew nothing of the pro-
ceedings. When he hears of them, he orders the 
old Pope to be tried anew. But instead of this, he 
is abandoned on an inhospitable island where he 
soon died, June 20th, 538. From the death of 
Silverius, the Roman Catholic writers date the 
episcopacy of Vigilius, reckoning him thenceforth 
among the lawful Popes."—lb. p. 349. 
" He was owned as lawful Pope by the fifth gen-
eral council, and the whole Christian world."—lb. 
p. 351. 
In March of 538, the Ostrogoths had raised the 
siege of Rome, and burned their tents—one-third 
of their number'having perished under its walls. 
The arms of Justinian triumphed, and a Pope was 
placed in Rome at the head of the Catholic hier-
archy-1260 years before Berthier, the general of 
Napoleon, by like force of arms drove Pope Pius 
VII. from Rome. 
Vigilius is acknowledged as Pope by the Em. 
peror Justinian, who writes him a congratulatory 
letter, in 539.—lb. p. 352. 
In 541, Justinian issues an edict against the er-
rors of Origen. Bower says :—" No Pope, no 
Council, could have defined, decided, and even ana-
thematized, with more authority than the Emperor 
Br arrangement of brother S. Chapman, brother 
Himes will preach in the gravel school-house at 
Kishwaukee, Win, county, eight miles south-west 
of Rockford. Tuesday evening, 8th Nov., at the 
school-house in Killbuck, by Esq. Hill's, six miles 
east of Kish. Wednesday evening, the 9th, at the 
brick School-house in Pennsylvania Settlement, 
three miles east of Killbuck. Thursday evening, 
10th, at the new school-house at the Burg near Mr. 
Docter's, twelve miles south-west of P. Settlement. 
On Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, Nov. 11th, 12th, 
and 13th, a conference at the house of 0. Cheany, 
Esq., at White Rock, two miles west of the Burg. 
The following five days preaching at Jefferson 
Grove, Painspoint, Watertown, White Oak Grove, 
&c., as the appointments shall be announced at 
White Rock. On Saturday evening, Nov. 19th, 
and the following Sabbath, all day, at the Court 
House in Oregon. It is hoped that the friends at 
Crane's Grove, Roscoe, Beloit, and all the adjacent 
villages and neighborhood, will be present as much 
of the time as possible. On Tuesday and Wednes-
day evenings, Nov. 22d and 23d, at Shabbona 
Grove, De Kalb county. Eld. N. W. Spencer will 
designate where to meet. On Friday, Saturday, 
and Sunday, Nov. 25th, 26th, and 27th, day and 
evening, in Somonauk, eight miles east of S. Grove, 
where brother W. A. Fay may direct. The inter-
vening time between the 23d and 30th Nov. not al-
ready disposed of as above, 1 leave with brethren 
Spencer and Fay, who will arrange in season and 
give notice. 
The friends in Rock Island and Hancock counties 
are depending on his spending considerable time 
with them. Should he visit Rock Island, I think 
it might be well to spend a week or so with the 
friends in Henry and Knox counties (some thirty 
miles from R. I.), before he descends the Missis-
sippi to meet the churches in Hancock. 
Yours in hope, SAMUEL CHAPMAN. 
Painspoint (Ogle county, Oct. 10th, '53. 
P.S. Brother Chapman will see, that to get this 
in this week we had to shorten it—which he will 
excuse. 
ROMAN CATHOLICS IN CHINA.—The Univers (a 
French Catholic paper) contains a letter dated 
Shanghae, from the " Apostolical adminstrator " 
at Nankin, which accuses the insurgents of violent-
ly persecuting the Roman Catholics in Nankin, 
Nang Tcheu, and Tseu Kiang, because they would 
not use the form of prayer which the rebels have 
adopted. The Roman Catholics, the letter says, 
were threatened with execution, which threat was 
in a few instances carried out. The account reads 
as though it was highly colored. 
Memoir of Permelia Ann Carter, with a brief 
account of her life, and containing extracts from 
her journal and letters, with miscellaneous articles. 
Edited by her sister. Sister Carter was originally 
a member of the Baptist church in Westboro'. 
On hearing the evidences of the personal advent 
of Christ, she became a convert to the faith, and 
was a bright and shining light of the cause while 
she lived, and in death she triumphed in the 
blessed hope of a speedy resurrection. 
This work will not fail to be a blessing to all 
who read it, but more especially to young 
Christian believers of both sexes, in the Advent 
churches. 
TRACTS FOR THE TIMES—No. 3.—" The Glory of 
God Filling the Earth." By J. M. Orrock. Pub-
lished in connection with the Second Advent Con-
ference in Canada East. This work may be had 
of Dr. R. Hutchinson, Waterloo, C. E., or at this 
office. Price, $1,50 per hundred. 
" THE MOTIVE TO CHRISTIAN DUTIES, IN THE PROS-
PECT OF THE LORD'S COMING."—This is an article 
Published sonic time since in the Herald—now is-
sued in eight page tract form. 75 ate. per 100. 
NEW AGENT.—J. N. Snyder, Mansfield, Rich-
land county, 0. 
TO AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 
In writing to this office, let everything of a business nature be 
put ou a part of the sheet by itself, or on a separate sheet, so as not 
to be mixed up with other matters. 
Orders for publications should be headed "Order," and the 
names and number of each work wanted should be specified on a 
line devoted to it. This will avoid confusion and mistakes. 
Communications for the Herald should he written with cure, in 
a legible hand, carefully punctuated, and headed, "For the Herald." 
The writing should not be crowded, nor the lines be too near to-
gether. When they are thus, they often cannot be read. Before 
being sent, they should he carefully re-read, and all superfluous 
words, tautological remarks, and disconnected and illogical sentences 
omitted. 
Everything of a private nature should be headed " Private." 
In sending names of new subscribers, or money for subserip 
Hone, let the name and Post-office address (i.e., the town, county. 
and state) be distinctly given. 
Between the name and the address, a comma (,) should always be 
inserted, that it may be seen what pertains to the name, and what to 
the address. 
Where more than one subscriber is referred to, let the business of 
each one constitute a paragraph by itself. 
Let everything be stated explicitly, and in as few words as will 
give a clear expression of the writer's meaning. 
By complying with these directions, we shall be saved much per-
plexity, and not be obliged to read a mass of irrelevant matter to 
learn the wishes of our correspondents. 
(Continued from our last.) 
By the above facts it will be easy for us at one 
view to trace the boundary of the Roman Empire; 
for if we start at the Straits of Gibraltar and pass 
up the Atlantic coast to the English Channel, 
from these we pass up on the west side of the Brit-
ish Isle, crossing at or near the Straits of Scotland, 
from thence across the German Ocean to the mouth 
of the Rhine ; we follow this river towards its source 
until we come to the wall built by Probes ; thence 
across to the Danube until we come to the prov- 
ince of Dacia ; leaving the river we pass round 
Dacia on the north, until we come to the Black 
Sea ; crossing the Black Sea we strike the moun- 
tains of Armenia, thence to the Euphrates ; pass-
ing down the Euphrates until we come to Arabia ; 
then running in a southerly direction to the Red 
Sea, including Syria ; crossing the Red Sea we pass 
up between, or at, the north of the Arabian and 
African deserts : we include Egypt and all of 
Northern Africa to the Straits of Gibraltar. With-
in these limits we are to look for the eleven king- 
doms. Now, then, when we arrive in the history 
of the world where there are just " ten kingdoms " 
and " another " answering to the description given 
in the prophecy on the old Roman territory, this 
will be the fulfilment. And for convenience let us 
at A. D. 500 look to see if these ten kingdoms had 
arisen. 
1st. We may remark that the Vandals entered 
Africa about A. D. 427-9, and were at this time in 
possession of a large portion of it. 
2d. The Suevi passed into Spain about, A. D. 
409, and established themselves in the western 
and north-western part of that province. 
3d. The Visigoths established themselves in Spain 
A. D. 462-472, and in 585 extended their dominion 
over the whole peninsula. 
4th. The Angles and Saxons arrived in Britain, 
about A. D. 450, and established a kingdom. 
5th. The native islanders were driven into Wales, 
where they succeeded in maintaining their inde-
pendence. 
6th. The Burgundians entered Gaul about 407, 
and subsequently established themselves in the 
eastern or south-eastern part of Gaul on the Rhone. 
7th. The Franks entered Gaul about 407, and 
subsequently became masters of the whole prov-
ince. 
8th. Ostrogoths in Italy, A. D. 493. 
9th. The Gepidee : this tribe established them-
selves in Dacia, on the death of Attila, A. D. 453. 
10th. Alemanni : they invaded that part of Gaul 
known since under the name of Alsace, the Palati-
nate, Mayence, &c.,* and extended their conquests 
over Rhetiah In 496 the Franks deprive them of 
a part of their territory. 
These ten kingdoms existed as late as 520 and 
occupied Gaul, Spain, Britain, Africa, Italy, Dacia, 
and the territory north of Italy. The above togeth-
er with Popery in its civil form constitute the 
eleven kingdoms—or the " ten kingdoms " and 
6. another." 
Now the next question is, when did Popery as-
sume its civil form, or become connected with the 
state ? 
This little horn—Papacy in its civil form—is to 
pluck up three of the first horns (kingdoms) by the 
roots, hence this little horn, or eleventh kingdom, 
must come into existence after the ten, viz., this side 
of A. D. 493, when the last one of the ten, the Goths, 
settled in Rome, and before A. D. 534, for then one 
of the ten (the Vandals) was plucked up. Well 
now, this certainly is quite definite ; for the whole 
time in which we must find the rise of the little 
horn is but 41 years. And surely an event of this 
magnitude must be marked in history sufficiently 
clear to lead us to determine what time during the 
41 years it did arise. 
There are three things which we must particu-
larly bear in mind—lst. This power is to sit in the 
temple of God. 2d. The saints are to be given 
into his hand, which implies at least, that he shall 
domineer over them in matters of faith. 3d. He 
shall make war, or wear out the saints of God for 
a time, times, and the dividing of time. 
In 483, Zeno sat upon the throne at Constanti-
nople ; he was succeeded by Anastasius, about 
A. D. 491. The former persecuted the Catholics, 
and so did the latter. When Anastasius took the 
throne, he promised to respect the Catholics and 
the Council of Chalcedon ; but subsequently, he 
quarrelled with the Pope : 
" The Pope in return retorts the charge of Mani-
cheism against the Emperor ; and, besides, taxes 
him with countenancing heretics of all denomina-
tions, and wreaking his vengeance on those Catho-
lics alone, whom alone he ought to protect."—
Bower's Hist., vol. 1, p. 304. 
These religious quarrels continued, with but very 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
TIME OF THE ADVENT. 
* All of these are small tracts on the Rhine river. 
—En. HER. 
little intermission, until the death of Anastasius. 
All this time the Bishop of Constantinople and 
the Pope of Rome strove to augment their power ; 
efforts were made to unite the sees of Constantino-
ple and Rome, but the demands of the Pope were 
so exorbitant in the estimation of the Emperor, 
that it did not take place (as may be seen by Bow-
er, p. 318) until A. D. 519. On the death of Anas-
tasius, which took place A. D. 518, Justin was 
proclaimed Emperor in his room. 
"This change in the State was attended with a 
far greater change in the Church.* * * * * The 
news of his promotion was, therefore, received by 
the Orthodox (Catholics) throughout the Empire. 
with demonstration of joy not to be expressed. On 
this occasion the people of Constantinople distin-
guished themselves by their zeal for the Catholic 
faith above the rest."—Ibid. 
In De Cormenin's History, p. 520, we read as 
follows : 
" During the same year the Emperor Anastasius 
died, struck by lightning. The priests, availing 
themselves of this circumstance, frightened the 
superstitious multitude, and threatened the here-
tics with the vengeance of God. Their intrigues 
were so well conducted that they placed on the 
throne Justin, a very ignorant man, and from that 
very cause, a good Catholic. The prince, on his 
elevation, gave a direction to affairs entirely op-
posite to that of his predecessor. The pretended 
heretics were punished, and the populace, by reit-
erated acclamation, made the Catholic faith tri-
umphant. The will of a fanatical mob having 
been confirmed by a council held at Constantino-
ple, the Catholics could exercise their vengeance 
against the Eutychians." 
A few days after Justin's elevation a council 
was called, or assembled, during which several 
measures were adopted. 
" The acts of the council," says Bower (p. 316, 
v. 1), " were immediately communicated to the 
Emperor, who not only approved and confirmed 
them, but issued an edict, commanding all bishops, 
within his dominions, to receive publicly, in the 
presence of the clergy and people, the council of 
Chalcedon, on pain of forfeiting their sees. By 
the same edict he restored to their rank, honors, 
and dignities, such as had been deposed, or sent 
in exile, for standing up in defence of the doctrine 
defined by that holy synod. A few days after, 
another edict appeared, excluding heretics of all 
denominations, viz., the Eutychians, from all em-
ployments, both civil and military. * * * Jus-
tin himself was known to be a zealous Catholic ; 
but that did not disqualify him, with an Eutychian 
Emperor (Anastasius), from being raised to the 
first employments. The publication of these edicts 
was followed by the execution of Amantius, and 
such of the Eutychians as were the most obnoxious 
to the Orthodox (Catholic) party. * * * The 
above mentioned edicts were no sooner published 
in the Provinces, than Councils were everywhere 
assembled, and synodical letters sent up from all 
quarters to Constantinople, fraught with invec-
tives, curses, and anathemas against all who pre-
sumed to dispute the authority of the holy Council 
of Chalcedon. They were now all convinced that 
the doctrine of the two natures was the only true 
doctrine, and, as such, they received it, declaring 
the opposite dogma, which in the late Emperor's 
time most of them had held and zealously defended, 
to be blasphemy against heaven, and pronouncing 
all who countenanced it, enemies to God and his 
Church. * * * * Justin having united the East-
ern bishops amonse' 
 themselves, (for none durst now 
utter a single word against the Council of Chalce-
don, or the two natures,) undertook in the next 
place, to unite them with their brethren in the 
West, coveting nothing so much as the glory of 
putting an end to these unhappy divisions, that 
to the disgrace of the Christian name and religion, 
had so long prevailed in the Catholic Church. 
He, therefore, wrote a most kind and obliging let-
ter to Hormisdas (Pope) acquainting him with his 
promotion, with the sincere and ardent desire he 
had of seeing all who professed the same faith, 
united in the same communion, and, at the same 
time, entreating him in his own name, as well as 
in the name of the Bishop of the Imperial city 
(Constantinople), and other well disposed prelates, 
to send legates into the East, capable of forward-
ing and accomplishing so desirable a work. With 
the Emperor's letter, and others, to the same pur-
pose, from John of Constantinople, from the synod, 
which was then sitting in that city, from other 
bishops, and from Count Justinian, the Emperor's 
nephew and successor in the Empire, was des-
patched to Rome, Gratus, a person of distinction, 
and honored with the title of Clarissimus. On 
his arrival in that city, he was immediately intro-
duced to the Pope, who received him, as we may 
well imagine, and read the letters he brought, with 
inexpressible joy. He concluded, from the earnest 
desire they all expressed of seeing the unity of the 
Church restored, and all schism and divisions ban-
ished forever from the kingdom of Christ ; that 
they were disposed to purchase such valuable 
blessings upon any terms. Resolved, therefore, to 
improve such a disposition to the advantage of his 
see, he answered immediately the Emperor's let-
ter, and that of the Patriarch's, commending their 
zeal, and assuring them that if they, on their side, 
were ready, as he hoped they were, to remove the 
cause of discord, he was ready on his part to con-
cur with them in establishing concord ; that is, he 
was ready to establish concord on his own terms, 
and no other."—Bower's Hist., p. 316. 
* This far greater change in the Church was not 
the giving to the Pope any new power, but is seen 
in what follows down to the 4th line of stars ; and 
this " change," according to Bower, was in 518, 
and not in 519.—En. HER. 
The following year (519) the Pope sent a third 
legation to Constantinople. Their instructions 
were*- 
1st. '6 To receive none to their communion who 
had not first signed the above mentioned articles, 
viz.—To anathematize all heretics in general, and 
those in particular, who had been mentioned above 
together with Acacius. 2d. To receive the Coun-
cil of Chalcedon, the letter of Leo on the incarna-
tion, and all the letters which that Pope had writ-
ten on the Christian religion. And 3d. They were 
to declare that they conformed, and would conform 
in all things, to the apostolic see ; that they re-
ceive all the Constitutions of the Roman Church, 
and would suppress at the altar, the names of 
those who had died out of the communion of the 
Catholic Church, that is, (for so it was explained 
in the confession) of those, who, at their death, 
had disagreed in opinion with the apostolic see. 
This was obliging all, who would communicate 
with Rome, to promise an entire submission and 
obedience to the ordinances of that see, and to own 
all who died out of the communion of Rome, to die 
out of the communion of the Catholic Church. 
" The Bishop of Constantinople had already re-
ceived the Council of Chalcedon ; and now agreed 
to strike the name of Acacius out of the diptychs, 
which was all the predecessors of Hormisdas had 
required. But to insist on his erasing likewise 
the names of Euphemius and Macedonius, who suf-
fered a most cruel persecution, the loss of their 
sees, and exile, in defence of the Catholic faith ; 
to oblige him to receive not only the letter of Leo 
on the incarnation, but all the letters written by 
that Pope on the Christian religion ; and, besides, 
to promise that he would conform in all things to 
the apostolic see, and look upon those who died 
out of the communion of the Catholic Church ; 
seemed to him the height of presumption in the 
Bishop of Rome. Against these articles, therefore, 
he warmly remonstrated, as artfully calculated to 
subject, rather than to unite, the see of Constanti-
nople to that of Rome. But the legates were in-
flexible ; and, on the other hand, the emperor was 
determined, out of his great zeal for the unity of 
the Church, to agree to any terms rather than to 
suffer so scandalous a division to continue among 
the Christian bishops. Finding therefore that the 
legates would not yield, he declared, that the Pa-
triarch should ; and accordingly, having first caused 
the articles to be approved by the Senate, he com-
manded him to receive them. The Patriarch still 
objected against them, as derogatory to the rights 
and liberties of his see, and highly injurious to the 
memory of his two holy predecessors, Euphemius 
and Macedonius, whose names were written in the 
Book of Life. But the Emperor, who was utterly 
unacquainted with the laws, discipline and practice 
of the Church, being deaf to all remonstrances, 
the Patriarch was in the end obliged to yield, and 
promised accordingly to comply with the terms 
prescribed by the Pope ; but, at the same time, 
begged, that instead of signing the articles as they 
had been drawn up and worded at Rome, he might 
be allowed to write a letter to the same purpose, 
addressed to his Holiness. His view therein was 
to avoid certain expressions in the articles, which 
seemed to import some kind of authority in the See 
of Rome over that of Constantinople. This occa-
sioned great disputes ; but it was agreed at last, 
that the Patriarch should sign the articles, with-
out the least alteration, addition, exception, or limita-
tion; but that he should be allowed to premise a 
preamble, addressed to Hormisdas, in the form of 
a letter.t * * * * * * 
" The articles being thus signed by the Patri-
arch, the name of Acacius, and with his, the names 
of the other bishops, who had succeeded him in the 
see of Constantinople ever since the beginning of 
the schism to the present time, namely, of Fravi-
tas, Euphemius, Macedonius, and Tiinotheus, were 
all, without distinction between Eutychian and or-
thodox, struck out of the diptychs ; nay, to com-
plete the vengeance of the apostolic see, and ex- 
* These instructions purport to be from the 317th 
page of Bower. On that page in Bower they are 
given as fbllows—a disagreement between the two, 
which we cannot explain.—ED. HER. 
" Their instructions were-1st. To receive none 
to their communion, who had not first signed the 
above mentioned articles. 2d. Not to see the 
Bishop of Constantinople, even should the Empe-
ror desire them to see him, till he had declared 
that he received the articles, and was ready to sign 
them, without any kind of restriction or explica-
tion. 3d. To cause not only the name of Acacius 
to be put out of the diptychs, but those likewise of 
his successors,- Euphemius and Macedonius not 
excepted : since they too died out of the commun-
ion of Rome, though they died in exile, and in de-
fence of the Orthodox faith. 4th. If the Bishop of 
Constantinople should comply with everything that 
is required of him, to insist on his acquainting 
therewith, by a circular letter, signed by him, all 
the bishops under his jurisdiction, and exhort 
them to fhllow his example."—Bower, p. 317. 
t The following is the omission indicated by the 
stars. It-throws light on the case.—ED. 
" Pursuant to this argument, he signed the ar-
ticles ; but took care, in the preamble, which he 
prefixed to them, that no room should be left for 
the present Pope, or his successors, to claim, from 
his having signed them, any kind of authority, or 
jurisdiction over him, or his successors. For he 
addressed him with no other title hut that of 
brother, and fellow-minister, which evidently ex-
cludes all kind of subjection ; and whereas the 
Pope magnified the see of Rome and seemed to ex-
alt it above other sees, as the throne of the first 
apostle, the Patriarch declared in his letter that 
he held the two holy churches of old and new 
Rome to be one and the same church ; which was 
equalling the two churches, and disowning all su 
periority in the one to the other. He was a match 
for the :Pope."—Bower. p. 318. 
tend it to all indiscriminately, who had any ways 
disobliged their holiness, the names of the two em-
perors Anastasius and Zeno were, at the request of 
the legates, cancelled, together with those of the 
bishops. And now the legates, having obtained 
all they were enjoined to require, declared, in the 
name of the blessed Pope, Hormisdas, the two sees 
united again in charity and faith. They then at-
tended the Patriarch to the great church ; assisted 
at divine service performed by him with great 
solemnity, the Emperor, the Empress, the whole 
court, and the senate, being present ; and, to seal 
the union, received with hini, and probably at his 
hands, the holy eucharist. Thus ended the first 
great schism [A. D. 519] between the Churches of Con-
stantinople and Rome, after it had lasted thirty-five 
years."—Bower's Hist. pp. 317,318. 
Again another witness. " But the Church of 
Constantinople was not yet re-united to that of 
Rome ; and this affair appearing to be of the high-
est importance in the eyes of the orthodox, the 
Emperor Justin wrote to the Pontiff, to advise him 
of his elevation, and to pray him to concur in the 
wish of John of Constantinople, who recognized the 
sovereign authority of the Holy See. Hormisdas 
went to Ravenna, to confer with. Theodoric on this 
subject. The Gothic king ordered him to send to 
Constantinople a third legation of five persons, 
who were chosen from among the prelates of whose 
zeal and fidelity the holy father was well assured. 
In the different provinces through which they 
passed, the legates assured themselves of the aid 
of all the bishops whom they had occasion to see, 
and on the Monday of the holy week, which was 
the day of their arrival at Constantinople, they 
gave information of the nature of the formulary 
of which they were the bearers, and delivered a 
speech in .full senate, in the presence of four bish-
ops who represented the Patriarch. Their propo-
sitions were accepted without discussion, and 
some days after, [A. D. 519] time reunion of the two 
churches was solemnly declared.''—De. Corn. 
vol. 1, pp. 102, 103. 
Still another. " Anastasius dying in the 27th 
year of his reign, Justin, a patron of' the Catholic 
faith succeeds him, who forthwith sends embassa-
dors to the Bishop of Rome to acknowledge the au-
thority of the Apostolic See, and to desire time bish-
op to interpose his ecclesiastical power for the set-
tling of the peace of the Church, A. D. 519. Hor-
misdas complies. The followers of Acacias being 
obstinate, Justin forced them out of the Church, 
(where they had shut themselves up) and the city 
too. Hormisdas dealt in the same manner with 
the Manichees, and burnt their books."—Sir Paul 
Rycant's Hist. of the Popes, p. 86. 
From the above we may be assured that this is 
the time (A. D. 519) when the man of sin took his 
seat in the temple of God, or the Church, the time 
when the daily was taken away, and the abomina-
tion set up. They (the dissenters) were deprived of 
worshipping God according to the dictates of their 
own conscience, fpr no toleration was given to here-
tics. Justin issued an edict against heretics of all 
denominations, he commanded the Arians to de-
liver up their churches to the Catholics, and al-
though this edict against the Arians was revoked, 
(for Theodoric threatened to persecute the Catho-
lics if it was not) yet, after the death of that prince 
all heretics shared alike, with but very few excep-
tions ; and that too by virtue of this very act of 
Justin and Hormisdas to nationalize the Catholic 
religion. Hear the historian : 
" Hormisdas was a man of uncommon parts, of 
great policy and address, as appears from his whole 
ended; ; but of a 'Most haughty, vindictive, and 
imperious temper, and to the eternal infamy of his 
name and memory, the first Christian bishop, who, 
in matters of • conscience dared openly to counte-
nance—nay, and to sanctify, slaughter and blaod-
ehed."—Bower's Hist. vol. 1, p. 323. 
* 
These anti-Christian principles have ever since 
been maintained, as is but too well known, by the 
Church of Rome ; and, in compliance with them, 
the Popes have never failed, when it was in their 
power, to encourage persecution, and stir up the 
Popish princes to persecute, and pursue with fire 
and sword, their Protestant subjects. To these 
principles are owing the racks, the dungeons, and 
the unrelenting torments of the Inquisition ; it be-
ing highly meritorious with the ministers of that 
infernal tribunal to rack the body, without mercy, 
for the good of the soul, and highly criminal for 
any of them to show compassion, let the torments 
be ever so exquisite, when they are, as they say, be-
e nue necessary remedies for the cure of the soul. 
As the Church of Rome has adopted these max-
ims, she can never renounce them ; and it is quite 
surprising,- that some Protestants, either misled 
themselves, or wanting to mislead others, should 
pretend, that, in some degree, she has renounced 
them already, and is become more indulgent, than 
she has been in former times, to those who dissent 
from her. Are not her prisons filled, at this very 
time,* with those whom she styles heretics, or only 
suspects of what she calls heresy Are not her 
racks still daily employed in extorting confessions ? 
Does she any where suffer, where her power pre-
vails, doctrines to be taught or professed, disagree-
ing in the least with those, which she professes 
and teaches? On what, then, can the opinion be 
founded, of her having begun of late to abate of 
* This very time refers to the time when he wrote 
before, A. D. 1766. 
11...".......""E'MISSME1221M.MUMMIN"MMIM°. 
 
THE ADVEN T HERALD. 
343 
her former severity ? Let her discharge her inquis-
itors, shut up her inquisitions, grant liberty of con-
science where she dares to refuse it ; and then, but 
not till then, we shall, with these her Protestant 
friends, acknowledge her lenity. 
And as we have inserted a. number of historical 
extracts, we shall do well, perhaps, to take a retro-
spective view of the facts defined by this historic 
testimony. We learn, let. That Anastasius dies, 
and that Justin succeeds to the throne, A. D. 518. 
2d. Justin being a rigid Catholic, he compelled all 
the bishops in his dominion to subscribe to the 
above mentioned articles, on pain of forfeiting their 
sees. 3d. The above mentioned articles were signed 
by the Patriarch at Constantinople, and the union 
of the Oriental, and Occidental, or the Eastern and 
"Western churches, took place, A. D. 519, after a 
schism of nearly forty years. 4th. The Catholic 
bishops, according to Putnam, were recalled from 
their exile the same year (519.) 5th. That heretics 
of all denominations were excluded from all em-
ployments, both civil and military. 6th. That 
the Emperor and the Pope did, in compelling the 
bishops to sign those articles, take away liberty of 
conscience : and in granting no toleration to here-
tics, as they were called, fulfilled 2 Thess. 2d—
" He shall sit in the temple of God, showing him-
self to be God." 7th. Those who would not yield 
obedience to the decree of the Emperor, viz. : re-
ceive the articles which were approved by the Sen- 
ate, (civil power), and dictated by the Pope, (ec-
clesiastical power), were regarded as schismatics 
and heretics, and as such, many of them were 
scourged, imprisoned and put to death. 
here then, A. D. 519 I must, as a matter of truth, 
and consistency, consider the abomination that 
maketh desolate (Dan. 12:11) was set up ; and that 
prophet was informed, from the time it was set up 
there should be 1290 days — years. Very well, 
what was done at the end of 1290 years from the 
date of A. D. 519 in relation to this power? Let 
the historian answer. 
Dominion of the little horn taken away, A. D., 
Proof. " Imperial decree dated Vienna, May 17th, 
1809, proclaimed in all the public squares aad mar-
ket places of the city. 
" Napoleon, emperor of the French, &e., taking 
into consideration that when Charlemagne, em-
peror of the French, and our sublime predecessor, 
endowed the Bishop of Rome with various lands, 
they were given as fiefs to maintain the peace of 
his subjects, and that Rome did not, therefore, 
cease to form a part of his empire : considering, 
further, that since that time the union of spiritual 
and temporal power has been and still is the source 
of dissension, that the Popes have but too frequent-
ly availed themselves of the one to support their pre-
tensions to the other, and that with spiritual con-
cerns which are in their nature immutable, have 
been confounded worldly affairs, which change with 
the circumstances and politics of times ; considering 
finally, that it is in vain to attempt to reconcile 
with the temporal pretensions of the Pope all that 
we have concerted for the security of our army, 
the repose to prosperity of the nations over which 
we reign, and the dignity and inviolability of our 
empire, 
" We have decreed and do decree, May 17, 1809, 
as follows : The Papal territory is united with the 
French empire."—New Annual Register, 1809—
Scott. 
" Napoleon dated from Vienna, 1809, a decree 
depriving his Holiness of his temporalities, and an-
nexing Rome to its dependencies to the kingdom of 
Italy. The consequences of a new struggle between 
a Pope and an emperor, will shortly be told ; they 
were of a very different character from those which 
followed the attempt of Henry IV. to dispute the 
supremacy of Gregory VII. eight centuries before." 
—Horne' s Napoleon, vol. 2, p. 127. 
" Bonaparte issued a decree dated Rome, (July 
10) 1809, by which a great number of special tri-
bunals were abolished, as well as every temporal 
jurisdiction hitherto possessed by the clergy, secu-
lar or regular."—New Annual Register 1809, prin-
cipal occurrence, p. 99. 
" It was officially proclaimed as the fixed deter-
mination of the emperor, (Napoleon) never to in-
fringe upon the spiritual authority of the Pope, 
nor even to permit again the temporal sovereignty 
of the Church. 
" And in consequence of this decision, the Code 
Napoleon,' 'The Conscription,' and the Continen-
tal system were introduced in their full vigor. 
" The Pope excommunicated Bonaparte, in re-
turn for the confiscation of his whole dominion." 
—See Alison, vol. 3, pp. 285-6. 
" A proclamation of the consultum, issued upon 
the 10th of June, 1809, in consequence of the im-
perial rescript, declared that the temporal domin-
ion of Rome had passed to Napoleon, but she 
would still continue to be the residence of the visi-
ble Head of the Catholic Church. 
" On the very night when the proclamation of 
the new functionaries finally divested him of his 
temporal principality, the Head of the Church as-
sumed his spiritual weapons, and in the name of 
God from whom he claimed authority, by missives 
drawn up by himself and sealed with the seal of 
the fisherman, declared Napoleon, emperor of the 
French, with his adherents, favorers, and counsel-
lors, to have incurred the solemn doom of excom-
munication, which he proceeds to launch against 
them accordingly."—Scott's Napoleon, pp. 257-8. 
" On the 17th May, 1809, Napoleon issued his 
famous decree, which declared the Papal domin-
ions united to the French empire. 
" Besides the disgrace which the Pope experi-
enced from that course, he had the Mortification to 
be seized in his palace, and was conducted as an 
exile to the city of Savona."—Bower, vol. 3, p. 
424. 
" In 1809, Napoleon appeared once inure victo-
rious in Vienna, where he proclaimed, May 17th, 
the end of the secular authority of the Popes, and 
the union of the states of the Church with France." 
—Maunder, vol. 2, p. 241. 
" During Napoleon's residence at Vienna, (1809) 
he abolished the temporal power of the Pope, and 
united the remaining territories of the states of the 
Church with France, and the city of Rome was 
declared an imperial and free city. 
" The Pope was conducted to Fontainbleau, 
where Napoleon concluded a second concordat with 
him, in which, though the Pope did not resume his 
temporal jurisdiction, he obtained the right to 
keep embassadors at foreign courts, to receive am-
bassadors, and to appoint certain bishoprics."—
Maunder, vol. 2, p. 99. 
" Bonaparte published a decree at Schoenbrunn, 
May 17th, 1809, by which the states of the Pope 
were annexed to the French empire, and the city 
of, Rome declared a free and imperial city. The 
union did take place. 
" When the decree was put in execution, June 
11th, the Pope published a bull of excommunica-
tion against Bonaparte, his adherents, counsellors, 
and coadjutors. From that moment the venerable 
captive was more closely imprisoned. On the night 
of the 5th of July, he was forcibly removed from 
Rome."—Hock, p. 509. 
" Bonaparte decreed, May 17th, 1809, that the 
states of the Pope are united to the French empire. 
The city of Rome, so interesting from its recol-
lections and the first seat of Christianity, is de-
clared an imperial and free city, and that these 
changes should take effect on the first of June fol-
lowing. 
" On the 10th of June, these decrees were an-
nounced from the Castle of St. Angelo, by the dis-
charge of artillery, and the hoisting of the tricol-
ored flag on its walls, instead of the venerable Pon-
tifical standard. 
" The Pope, after exclaiming, ' consumatum 
est,' (he) the dethroned Pontiff, issued a bull, 
(June 10th, 1809—Bower, v. 3, p. 434]—excom-
municating Bonaparte and all concerned in that 
spoliation, which was affixed upon the churches. 
" On July 5th, 1809, the Pope (Pius VII.) was 
taken captive by General Radet, under Bonaparte, 
and carried to France, in company with Cardinal 
Pacca. 
" Being solicited for a donation, they (the Pope 
and cardinal) found that they had but ten-pence 
between them. Said the Pope, Behold, General, 
all that we possess of our principality.' "—Alison, 
vol. 3, pp. 282-3-6. 
" Pope Pius VII. had given countenance to the 
enemies of France, and threatened Napoleon with 
the thunders of the Vatican. The French entered 
Rome, the Pope realized his menace by a bull, 
(June 10th, 1809) he was dethroned from his tem-
poral sovereignty, and consigned to captivity, 
while Rome was made the capital of a French de-
partment."—Frost's History of the World, 3d part, 
p. 338. 
" On the 17th May, 1809, Napoleon issued his 
famous decree, which declared the states of the Church 
reunited to the French empire."—De Cormenin's 
History of the Popes, vol. 2, p. 421. 
" 1809, May 17th, Bonaparte declared the Papal 
states part of the French empire."—American Text-
Book of Popery, p. 124. 
" But after fortune had done everything for her 
ungrateful bosom-child, after the Corsican master 
of war had arrived to such a degree of glory and 
power as no mortal had attained before him, he 
wantonly overthrew, by his insatiable ambition, 
the colossal edifice of his grandeur. 
" In the course of the Austrian war he had an-
nihilated, in the most violent manner, the tem-
poral empire of the Pope. The French troops 
under Miollis occupied Rome (Feb. 2d, 1808), and 
conducted there in the most improper and arbi-
trary manner. Soon after the imperial decree ap-
peared (April 2d), that Urbino, Ancona, Macera-
ta, and Camerino, were incorporated with the 
kingdom of Italy, because the interest of the great 
empire required an immediate connexion between 
Naples and Upper Italy, and because the donation 
of Charles the Great, Napoleon's predecessor, was 
made only for the advantage of Christendom, not 
for that of its enemies.' And finally, four days 
before the battle of Aspern, the imperial decree 
was issued from Schcenhrunn (May 17th, 1809) 
which incorporated all the rest of the state of the 
Church with the French empire."—Rotteck's His-
tory of the World, vol. 4, p. 216. 
John Westly and Lorenzo Dow have given the 
same date, 1809, for the breaking of the civil power 
of the Pope. 
" As a temporal prince, the political power of 
the Pope is now regarded with absolute contempt 
by all the European Governments ; but it is sup-
ported by them as a matter of policy."—Goodrich. 
But it is objected that the temporal power of 
Popery was abolished A. D. 1798. How strong 
can such an objection appear in the face of all the 
above testimony ? But I am willing to give all 
candid objections a place. Let us then look at the 
facts connected with the history of the Papal revo- 
lution, A. D. 1798. 
" In A. D. 1791 the Pope protested against the 
spoliation of the churches which the assembly of 
France had committed by the union of Avignon, 
and the county of Venaissin to the republic. 
The truce of Bologna (June 23, 1796) had cost 
21,000,000 of francs ; and at the peace of Tolen-
tino (Feb. 19th, 1797,) he had to pay 10,000,000 
more, and lose Bologna, Ferrara, and Romagna. 
In 1798 Berthier proclaimed the Roman republic 
which enjoyed but an ephemeral existence. (Schell 
Revolutions in Europe, p. 186.) Pius VI. dying, 
the conclave elected Cardinal Chiaramonte (Pius 
VII.) March 13th, 1800. Napoleon then elected 
First Consul allowed him to enjoy the rest of his 
estates in peace.'*-1bid. 
In conclusion then, I remark, as there must be 
a taking away of the temporal dominion of Popery 
before the end of the world, and as historians are 
universally agreed that this was effected A. D. 1809, 
and as nothing that has transpired before or since 
looks so much like it, I am compelled to regard 
that as the point—the only point—for the termi-
nation of the 1290 years. Now then, as we have 
a balance of forty-five years, the difference between 
the 1290, and 1335, (Dan. 12:11, 12, 13,) this be-
ing added brings us to A. D. 1854, when I under-
stand the Divine Instructor declares Daniel shall 
stand in his lot. 
The above is a part of the argument on time 
which we intend to present to the public as the 
door may be opened to us. F. H. BERICK. 
Lowell, Oct. 6th, 1853. 
THE DECREE OF NAPOLEON. 
THE decree of Napoleon in 1809, is relied on by 
the timists to mark the end of the 1290 days. The 
argument is that then the temporal power of the 
Popes was abolished,—that his secular power was 
annihilated. Extracts are made from history to 
show that Napoleon did then decree it away.—
Well suppose he did—what then ? We object to 
it that it was not the.first time this was done ; nor 
was it final—one of which is requisite to mark it 
as an epoch. 
From the time that Vigilius was placed at the 
head of the Papacy by Belisarius, Justinian's 
general in 538, as shown in another column, we 
proceed down 1260 years to 1798, when we find a 
corresponding event in the driving of Pope Pius VI. 
from Rome, by Berthier, Bonaparte's general. At 
this time the temporal power of the Pope was also 
terminated. 
General Duphot, then at Rome, who was about 
to be joined in marriage to a sister of Napoleon, 
was killed by the Roman soldiery, while attempt-
ting to quell a disturbance. The French Direc-
tory " instantly resolved to make it a pretext f..r 
the immediate occupation of Rome and overthrow of 
the Papal Government."—Alison's Hist. of Europe, 
v. 1, p. 544. 
General Berthier was immediately ordered to 
Rome, and on the 15th of Feb., 1798, " the tri- 
color flag was displayed from the summit of the 
capitol." On his arrival at the capital he deliv-
ered the following oration : 
" Shades of Cato, of Pompey, of Brutus, of 
Cicero, of Hortensius, receive the homage of free 
Frenchmen on that capitol where you have so often 
defended the rights of the people, and dignified the 
Roman republic. 
" With the olive of peace come these Gallic 
sons, to re-establish on the same place the altars 
of liberty that were originally raised by the first 
Brutus. 
" And you, Roman people, in re-acquiring your 
legitimate rights, you already feel what blood it is 
that flows in your veins, and you have only to cast 
your eyes around you, to see those monuments of 
glory that represent the ancient grandeur and vir-
tue of your fathers." 
The following published proclamation declared 
the Romans free and independent : 
"The Roman people are now again entered into 
the rights of sovereignty, declaring their indepen-
dence, possessing the government of ancient Rome, 
constituting a Roman republic. The general-in-
chief of the French army in Italy declares, in the 
name of the French republic, that he acknowledges 
the Roman republic independent, and that the 
same is under t''e special protection of the French 
army. 
" The general-in-chief of the army acknowledges, 
in the name of the French republic, the provisional 
government which has been proposed by the sov-
ereign people. 
" In consequence, every other temporal authority 
emanating from the old government of the Pope is 
SUPPRESSED, and he shall no inure exercise any fiinc-
lion. 
" The general-in-chief will make all the disposi-
tions necessary to secure to the Roman people their 
independence. In order, therefore, that the gov-
ernment may be well arranged, and that the new 
laws may be founded upon the basis of liberty and 
equality, he will take all the necessary measures 
to secure the happiness of the Roman people. 
" The French general, Cervoni, is charged with 
taking care of the police, and the safety- of the 
city of Rome, as also to instal the new govern-
ment. 
" The Roman republic, acknowledged by the 
French republic, comprehends all the country that 
remained under the temporal authority of the Pope, 
after the treaty of Campo Formio. 
" ALEXANDER BERTMER. 
" Rome, the 15th of February, 1798 ; first year 
of liberty, proclaimed in the Roman forum and 
ratified on the capitol, with free voice, and sub-
scribed to by innumerable citizens." 
On the same day, Feb. 15, 1798, the anniversary 
of the election and exaltation of Pope Pius VI. to 
the sovereignty of the Papal Government, the tree 
of Liberty was planted in Rome. And while his 
Holiness was in the Sistine Chapel " celebrating 
his accession to the Papal chair, during the cere-
mony, and while receiving the congratulations of 
the Cardinals, Citizen Haller, the Commissary 
General, and Cervoni, who then commanded the 
Papal troops within the city, both entered the 
chapel, and Haller announced to his Holiness on 
his throne, that reign was at an end.' " 
" From the very day of his entry, the ancient 
government may date the epoch of its overthrow; 
it nevertheless struggled for a few days in Aire 
arms of death. Such of the cardinals as had not. 
already fled from the city on the wings of terror, 
were assembled in council, and several were dis-
posed still to uphold the authority of the Pontiff." 
Finally, " with melancholy voice, they pronounced 
their absolute renunciation of the temporal. govern-
ment."—Life of Pius VI. v. 2, p. 196. 
The Pope proving obstinate, " Force was soon 
employed to dispossess him of his authority. He 
was dragged from the altar in his palace, his re-
positories all ransacked and plundered, the rings 
even torn from his fingers, the whole effects in the 
Vatican and Quirinal inventoried and seized, and 
the aged Pontiff conducted with only a few domes-
tics, amid the brutal jests, and sacrilegious songs 
of the French dragoons, into Tuscany, where the 
generous hospitality of the Grand-duke strove to 
soften the hardships of his exile."—Alison, v. I, 
p. 545. 
" At the same time, the ample territorial pos-
sessions of the Church and the monasteries, were 
confiscated, and declared national property."—
lb. p. 546. 
" Meanwhile, the work of the revolution went 
on rapidly in the Roman states. The whole ancient 
institutions were subverted. The executive made to 
consist of five consuls, after the model of the French 
Directory ; the legislative power vested in two 
chambers, and the state divided into eight depart-
ments. But to preserve the entire dependence of 
this government on the French Directory, it was es-
pecially provided that an alliance, offensive and 
defensive, should be immediately concluded be-
tween the French and Roman Republics ; that no 
laws made by the Roman legislative bodies should 
either be promulgated, or have force, without the 
approval of the French General stationed at Rome ; 
and that it might, of his own authority, enact such 
laws as might appear necessary, or were ordered 
by the French Directory." 
" Encyclopedia Americana says of Berthier : ' In 
the beginning of February he made his entrance 
into Rome, abolished the Papal Government, and es-
tablished a consular.' Again, on the states of the 
Church : An insurrection Dec. 28th, 1797, caused 
the occupation of Rome Feb. 10th, 1798, and the 
annexation of the states of the Church to the Roman 
Rupublic.' 
" From the European Magazine, of that year, we 
have the following : The Directory sent a mes-
sage to councils on the subject of tine events in 
Rome. It expatiates on the crimes of the Popes, 
cardinals, and priests, who have for fourteen 
hundred years formed a theocratic government in 
Rome.' 
" The Roman people declare in their act of sov-
ereignty, published on the 27 Pluviose, that it is 
their wish to preserve the religion which they ven-
erate and practice, and to leave untouched the dig-
nity and spiritual authority of the Pope. 
" On the 2d Ventose, a provisionary government, 
consisting of five consuls, was established. The 
municipalities and civic guard were established, 
and an oath of fidelity to the new republic had been 
taken. In honor of the revolution, a Te Deum 
was performed in all the churches of Rome, on the 
30th Pluviose—fourteen cardinals joining in the 
service.' 
" The Redacteur, and other papers of France, 
had the following : ' Rome is• free. The people 
have resumed their rights of sovereignty, by pro-
claiming their independence. By giving to them-
selves the government of ancient Rome, and by 
constituting the Roman Republic. In fine, the 
revolution is effected. The altars of liberty have 
risen in the capital. Five consuls are there in-
vested with the executive power. The other mem-
bers are installed in the place of the Papal Govern-
ment.' 
" The report of Berthier also on the occasion, is 
as follows : Citizen Directors. The Roman peo-
ple have declared their resumption of those rights, 
which have been ursurped from them, and have 
demanded of me the protection of the Roman Re-
public, and Rome is free'' 
" Ileeren's History of Modern Europe says : The 
democratic party had become more widely spread, 
and had caused in Rome itself tine subversion of the 
existing government. Thc Roman Republic was 
proclaimed Feb. 10th, 1798.' 
" Cocault had said in 1797, that they had to-
tally exhausted the old carcase, and we are mak-
ing it expire by a slow fire.' " 
Says Rotteck : 
" The Papal Government was abolished, and the 
Roman Republic' proclaimed. At the head of 
the government were placed five consuls, assisted 
by a senate and a tribunate. But the heavy con-
tributions imposed upon the people by the French 
army, and the shameless pillage of treasures of 
art diminished the joy of the liberated. The Pope, 
although he had signed his abdication in relation to 
his temporal power, was nevertheless conveyed to 
France as a prisoner, and treated with indignity. 
This aged man (he was eighty-two) bore his suf-
ferings with fortitude, and died a prisoner in Va-
lence, Aug, 29th, 1799.."—Rotteck, v. 4. p. 114. 
Here, was an entire subversion of the temporal 
power of the Pope, as well as in 1809. They say 
THE ADVEN T HERALD. 
it was an ephemeral subversion. So was that of 
1809. If such an argument is good against this, 
it is good against that. 
In Dowling's " History of Romanism," he gives a 
table of remarkable events chronologically ar-
ranged. Nothing is named in it in connection 
with 519, which shows how little impression would 
be made by the healing of that schism on the minds 
of those who are not in search of something to sus-
tain a theory. 
Of the period from 1781 to 1814, he has the fol- 
lowing : 
" 1781. November 7th. A woman burnt alive at 
Seville. The last public burning of the Inquisition 
in Spain." 
" 1798. The Papal Government suppressed by the 
French." 
" Feb. 26th. The Pope quits Rome, and retires 
for refuge to a convent near Florence. Afterward 
transferred to France, where he died in August, 
1799." 
" 1800. f NUS VII. The Cardinals at Venice 
elect Cardinal Chiaramonti as Pope, who is crowned 
at Venice on the 21st of March. 
" 1800. July 25th. Bonaparte restores the Pope 
to his sovereignty at Rome, who makes his public 
entry July 25th.' 
" 1808. The Inquisition of Spain suppressed by 
Bonaparte." 
" 1809. Pope Pius VII. deposed by the French 
(May 17th,) and taken captive to France." 
" 1814. The Pope is restored to freedom and 
power, after a captivity of five years, upon the 
overthrow of Bonaparte by the allied armies." 
" 1814. July 21st. Inquisition in Spain re-estab-
lished upon the restoration of the Catholic king 
Ferdinand VII." 
" 1814. August 7th. Bull of Pope Pius VII. re-
storing the order of the Jesuits."—Dowling,'s 
of Romanism, pp. 717, 718. 
Pope Pius VII. was chosen by the French influ-
ence ; but he did not prove quite so pliable as Na-
poleon supposed that he would. In 1802 Napo-
leon inveigled the Pope into the signing of a Con-
cordat which somewhat restricted his spiritual 
power ; but the Pope was very indisposed to be 
regarded only as an automaton. Alison says : 
" At the time he ascended the Papal throne, the 
inhabitants of Rome were suffering severely under 
the exactions of the Neapolitans." He intended 
to make war on them, but " lent a willing ear to 
the propositions which the First Consul, who was 
extremely desirous of the support of the Supreme 
Pontiff constantly made to him."—v. 2, p. 11G. 
In 1806, Napoleon thus wrote to the Pope when 
demanding that he should dismiss the English en-
voys : " All Italy must be subjected to my law : 
your situation requires that you should pay me 
the same respect in temporal which 1 do you in 
spiritual matters. Your Holiness must cease to 
have any d'elicacy towards my enemies and those 
of the Church. You are sovereign of Rome, but I 
am its emperor."—Alison, v. 3, p. 281. 
The Pope replied, " The Supreme Pontiff recog-
nizes no such authority, nor any power superior 
in temporal matters to his own. There is no Em-
peror of Rome ; it was not thus that Charlemagne 
treated our predecessors."—Ib. p. 281. 
" On the 2d of Feb. (1808) a large body of 
French troops entered Rome, which ever after con-
tinued to be occupied by their battalions."—lb. 
p. 282. 
Under what Alison calls the " entire assumption 
of the government by the French," March 16th, 
1808, he says :—" The French troops did not, in-
deed, blow open the gates of the Quirinal palace, 
but the entire government of his dominions were 
taken from him . . . . while by an imperial de-
cree shortly after (April 2d, 1808) . . . . about a 
third of the ecclesiastical territories, were declared 
to be irrevocably united to the kingdom of Italy." 
—lb. p. 282. 
" The Pontiff continued, under these multiplied 
injuries, to evince the same patience and resigna-
tion : firmly protesting, both to Napoleon and the 
other European powers, against these usurpations, 
but making no attempt to resist them, and sedu-
lously enjoining both his clergy and people to obey 
the intruded authority without opposition 
The head of the faithful was no longer anything 
but a prisoner in his own palace."—lb. p. 282. 
The Popedom was thus conquered and the Papal 
power subjected in 1808. The annexation of his 
states to the French Empire by a writing on a 
piece of paper in 1809, could not take from him 
anything which he had not already lost by the 
sword and bayonet — much more authoritative 
agents. In 1809, 
" The last act of violence at length arrived. 
On the 17th of May, a decree was issued from the 
French camp at Sclunbrunn, which declared that 
the states of the Pope are united to the French 
Empire ; the city of Rome, so interesting from its 
recollections, and the first seat of Christianity, is 
declared an imperial and free city '—the decree to 
go into effect the 1st of June following."77-lb. p. 
282. 
On the 5th of July the Pope was seized and con 
ducted from the city to Florence. As soon as Na-
poleon heard of the event, says Savary, " he ap-
proved of what was done, and stationed the Pope 
at Savona, revoking, at the same time the gift of 
Charlemagne, and annexing the Papal states to 
the French Empire."—/b. p. 284. 
They slip over 1798 very lightly, as though it 
were but a light and partial overthrow of his 
power. Whereas most historians who treat of it, 
represent it as of equal, or greater moment than 
that of 1809, when Bonaparte " declared his secu-
lar power at an end," and " his states annexed to 
the French Empire." He was required to " sur-
render his temporal power," and refused, and was 
taken a prisoner to France, allowed 2,000,000 
francs, till the fall of Napoleon, and also allowed 
his private property and its revenues. Nothing 
was ravaged or confiscated ; but a commission was 
sent to administer the government for Napoleon. 
" On the 19th of Jan." 1814, Murat " entered 
Rome at the head of 20,000 men. The slender 
French garrison retired into the castle of St. 
Angelo ; and thus was the second city in Napo-
leon's Empire wrested from him by the arms, not 
of his enemies, but of his brother-in-law."—Alison 
v. 4, p. 277. 
Thus was an end put to the paper connection of 
Rome with France. To make it more ineffectual, 
the allied powers effected the downfall of Napo-
leon, and on the 6th of April, 1814, he abdicated, 
signing with his own hand, " for himself and his 
heirs, the throne of France and Italy."—lb. p. 
403. 
" By a convention concluded on the 23d of 
April," 1814, between the allied powers of Europe, 
" it was provided that the French troops in Ger-
many, Italy, and the Low Countries, should evacu-
ate all the fortresses and countries beyond the 
frontiers of Old France, as they stood on the 1st of 
January, 1792, which was at one blow to sweep 
away the whole conquests of the Revolution."—lb. 
p. 411. 
" In 1814, the Pope was released, and restored 
to the possession of all the Papal territories except 
Avignon and Venaissin, in France, and a narrow 
strip of land beyond the Po."—En. Am. v. 10, p. 
162. 
Thus the decree of Napoleon proved not to be a 
finality. The Pope recovered his temporal power, 
and retained it till the revolution of 1848, when 
there was another interruption of his authority. 
The date of 1809, is therefore no more significant 
as an epoch for dating the Pope's temporal power 
than that of 1798. He lost it in each instance ; 
and each time he recovered it again—as he also 
did after 1848. In neither instance was it a final 
loss of power. 
Had it been a final end of the temporal power of 
the Pope, it could not be reckoned as the end of 
the 1290 days, unless a corresponding event marked 
the commencement of that period. But there is no 
similarity between the healing of a schism in 519, 
and the loss of a throne in 1809. 
As the decree of Napoleon was aimed to be a 
revocation of the gift of Charlemagne, it could 
only end a period beginning with that gift—which 
was in 774. To demand a revocation of that gift, 
will make it necessary to reckon from its grant. 
If we may not reckon from its grant, we are not to 
look for such an event to close it. 
The temporal power of the Pope began, when 
Pope Stephen applied for succor to King Pepin, of 
France, against the king of the Lombards, in 753. 
" After a feeble resistance to the arms of Pepin, 
the Lombards were compelled to submit, their king 
was besieged in his metropolis, Pavia, and as. the 
price of peace was compelled to sign a treaty to 
deliver up to the Pope the exarchate, ' with all the 
cities, castles, and territories thereto belonging, to 
be for ever held and possessed by the Most Holy 
Pope Stephen and his successors in the Apostolic 
See of St. Peter.' "—Dowl. list. Rorn. p. 169. 
The king of the Lombards not being disposed to 
fulfil this treaty, the Pope importuned him, till 
the king was enraged, and besieged Rome. Pepin 
being again applied to, again compelled his com-
pliance to the terms he dictated. 
" These terms being agreed and sworn to by 
Aistulphus, Pepin caused a new instrument to be 
drawn up, whereby he yielded all the places men-
tioned in the treaty, to be for ever held and possessed 
by St. Peter and his lawful successors in the See of 
Rome. This instrument, signed by himself, by 
his two sons, and by the chief barons of the 
kingdom, he delivered to the abbot Fulrad, ap-
pointing him his commissary to receive, in the 
Pope's name, all the places mentioned in it. With 
this character the Abbot, attended by the commis-
saries of Aistulphus, repair&I immediately to Ra-
venna, and from thence to every city named in the 
instrument of donation, and having taken posses-
sion of them all in St. Peter's name and the 
Pope's and everywhere received a sufficient num-
ber of hostages, he went, with all his hostages, im-
mediately to Rome ; and there, laying the instru-
ment of donation, and the keys of each city, on the 
tomb of St. Peter, put the Pope thereby at last in 
possession of the so long wished-for principality, 
and thus was the Pope of Rome finally raised to 
the station of an earthly sovereign, and took rank 
among the kings of the earth. "—lb. p. 172. 
Says Gibbon :—" The ample measure of the ex-
archate might comprise all the provinces of Italy, 
which had obeyed the Emperor and his vicegerent ; 
but its strict and proper limits were included in 
the territories of Ravenna, Bologna, and Ferrara, 
its inseparable dependency was the Pentapolis, 
which stretched along the Adriatic from Rimini to 
Ancona, and advanced into the midland country, 
as far as the ridges of the Appenine. The splen-
did donation was granted in supreme and absolute 
dominion, and the world beheld, for the first time, 
a Christian bishop invested with the prerogatives 
of a temporal prince ; the choice of magistrates, 
the exercise of justice, the imposition of taxes, and 
the wealth of the palace of Ravenna."—v. 3. p. 
338. 
This is the point to be dated from, if its revoca-
tion is to terminate it; but we conceive that these 
writers have entirely mistaken the events that 
mark the end of the 1290 days. The 1260 only, 
connect with the Papacy. 
We have noticed all the points rested on in the 
argument here replied to. We have been less 
methodical, and concise than we might have been 
had we time to have arranged our ideas. Now 
nothing remains but a summing up, which we do 
in the following, 
REMARKS.—We reject the argument on time, 
Because the events on which they rely, are 
no more significant, than like events transpiring 
both before and since. 
Because they have not demonstrated the na-
ture of the events which must mark its commence-
ment. 
Because to sustain their theory they have had 
to make a new classification of the ten horns—the 
first ten not answering their purpose. And in do-
ing this, have ignored divisions of 'the kingdom 
that did exist, and placed in their room, one that 
was a part of the original empire, and one the seat 
of which was outside of its territory. 
Because their own arrangement of the horns, 
is fatal to their theory. 
Because they make the loss of temporal power 
by the Papacy, the end of the days, which could 
not be without the acquisition of it commenced 
them ; in which case they should begin in 774. 
Because in making the loss of temporal power 
its end, they take a less conspicuous epoch than 
1798, evidently for the sole reason that it better 
suits their convenience. 
Because if the loss of temporal power is to 
terminate them, they cannot have yet terminated. 
And 
Because setting times, and being positive on 
points of termination, is at variance with the Sa-
viour's admonitions to watchfulness, and prejudi-
cial to the cause of truth. 
A certain class of minds, not distinguished for 
logical discrimination, are made wild and fanati-
cal, so that they are spoiled for the exercise of 
Christian duties, and become a hindrance to the 
success of truth. While another class, whose love 
for truth is insufficient to endure these opposing 
winds and side currents, are disgusted and induced 
to withdraw from such associations. 
The SAVIOUR and apostles caution us against tw 
extremes of opinion respecting the time of the ad-
vent. Those who teach that we can know nothing 
respecting the proximity of the event, disregard 
what the SAVIOUR said of the budding fig-tree her-
alding in the approach of summer. And the posi-
tiveness of those who designate years and days, is 
rebuked by the SAVIOUR when he says to such, " Ye 
know not when the time is." 
All, thus far, who have thought that they had 
more evidence that they do know, than the SAviouR 
had that they don't, have signally failed. Such 
have received a lesson in the school of experience. 
Will any refuse to profit by it ? It is to be feared 
that some cannot learn even in that school—pro-
verbial as it is for teaching those who can learn in 
no other. But let us treat all with kindness and 
compassion ; and reclaim, if possible, rather than 
to confirm in error. May GOD give all a love for 
truth, and clearness of vision to discern it. 
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CONTENTS OF THE OCT. NO. 
Michael the Miner. The Child and the Looking-glass. 
The Two Homes. The Sailor and his Bible. 
Mother, will my Sister Die A Funny Petition. 
Influence of Low-Bred Children. A Happy Release. 
A Hero and a Martyr. The Watch. 
Education. 
The JUdgment of Solomon. 
The Temple of Juggernaut. Crying Children. 
Whitsuntide in England. The Negligent Youth. 
A Well-Stocked Mind. Enigmas, &c. 
The Glory of the Creator Seen in his Works. 
Appointments, &c. 
WM. M. INGHAM will be in Searsmontville, Me., Oct. 25 ; Searsmont, 
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third Sabbath inNovember, at 10.1 o'clock, and continue over the 
Sabbath..-,Enwis BLRNHAM. 
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I EXPECT to commence a me ding at 11111, N.H.,Thursday evening, 
Ogt 27th, and continue over the Sabbath.—T.H. 
J M. ORROCK will preach in Melbourne, C. E., Sunday, Nov. 6th. 
N. BILLINGS will preach in Bristol, R. I., Sabbath, Oct. 23d. 
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