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-SIDCWSTIVF 0:'LT .`,TTTErir 
OF t2.1-f. Tim OF 7,14.77, FID7H ii: 9r 
OF -RIPLATION 9 
A****** 
WASHINGTON, DC. 
No. 3)6'1 
2he first four trumpets ( of revelation 6) deal evidently with special 
'tacks upon the ];onan 'tip ire of the Font under A.aric, 3enseric, Atria, and the 
A.nction of the veining imperiel power under Odoe-cer (476), and the doing away 
,a the senatorial Power at Home under the [reek administration followin , the 
rthrat of the Ostro:eths. The eighth chepter teen closes with the announcerient 
the three trumpets to follow are woe trumpets.' 
The next groat onslaught upon the 'Empire was that of te eracens, the 
:ammedsn invasion. In the very tines when the events comprehended under tee 
trempet wore closing with the disappearance of the power of the Poman senate 
the old Roman judicial administration in the Jsst, 7.ahomet apeeared in the - ae.t. 
symbols end imar'y of the fifth trumpet (Rev. 9) picture graphically this 
'leen invasion of the Konen mrire, Under the impulse of the reli elon of -elionet, 
nosiest hordes pared out of the 'rabien desert like locusts upon the earth. 
luir, the t if-toriful of th tracenn, says 
"LIe swarm from the hive, or fli hts of 1 )casts derkenin; the 1 ,n, 
t after tribe issued forth."--Tee Caliphate, Pa 'e. LA. 
Their COMMIS 3iOn as a ncour if) under the Pronhecy was not to kill or over.: 
throw the empire, apparentlj, bat to torment it and to hurt it. In verse 5, the 
tine as given as five nonthe, an, 'again, inverse 10, describing, still the torment-
in: and hurtine, 'eon: of the ','aracens, it is declared that "their power was to hart 
mee five months." 
ITAGE CENTER 
The picture of the prophecy susirg#Ift ethirL ind ca.epaiernin by 
malt ,ee of cavalry, en: attacks stopi 11,11MY41,
1' abeolute overthrow of the emire, 
uerveRsey 
- 2-. 
whose headquarters were now at Uonstantinople, in the Past. The prophecy declares 
that these Saracens "had a kirk; over them, which is the an el of the bottomless 
pit." :ertninly this describes yell the soverei,nty of the -ohammedan Celiphs, 
who, ithin the first centary of the ,laracen history Imre, as qibbon says,"the, 
most potent and absolute monarchs of the globe." (ch. 51:49). The Caliph was not 
only a kin, but the vicegerent of 71ahamet, and s) pontiff of this false roll ion, 
which was surely launched from the bottomless pit or abyss as truly as ever the 
strange nfidel outbreak of the French Revolution w-s launched from " the abyss." 
(Rev. 11) -oluarrnod-:nism places pti6em people yet further beyond the reech of the 
gospel than they were in native heatheniem, as all the hi tory of missions 
testifies. Collcx in: the description of teis attack and the five months' torment-
in , the prophecy says (verse 12), "One woe is past; and, behold, there comes two 
woes more hereafter." 
,athin the history of the Sara en attack, then, mast be found the five 
months, or one hundred fifty year period specially singled out by the peonhecy. 
To %hat part of the history of the Saracenic power does this period of one hundred 
fifty years of tormenting power, mot aptly apply ? Sure it is that the early 
araeen rule was the period of its most brilliant conquests. Possibly the five 
months is named in symbolic Prophecy, out of the long period of the rule of the 
Caracem, h 'c /lee of the fact that five months, it is seid, was the ,eneral period 
Of the swarming, devastating life of the literal locust, from 7/ay to :Jentember„ 
as they poured out from the trabian desert upon Syria. ":.s soon as they settle 
and be in to lay their eggs they die, and are no more taken notice of by men." 
(Habershon) 
book recently published by our '-eitish Union house, called "The 
Eastern question," says of this prophetic Period:— 
"Looking at the broad facts of Saracenic history, we have no difficutly 
in seein3 that a period of ono hundred and fifty years includes its era of conquest 
3 
Ike power to hurt. It was in the year 622 that the n3hammedan era began, :Ind it 
* seven years later, in 629, that the 7o.racens began war with the Yastern 
Ompire. One hundred and fifty years from that tIre bring, us to A.D. 779, In 762 
dad was made the capital of the caliphate, a from th t time the principal 
*Ambition of the caliphs was not to effect conquest, but to surround themselves 
lPt 0 luxury. 
"' verjart of the architect and the desielner, or the artist in ntone, 
e painter and builder, Aas made tributary to the grandeur of a city which 
Intended to embody something of the maificence of a dynasty that counted 
. wealth by the hundred millions, and hesitated at no outlay that would make 
,display.'--Gilman't ":1-tory of the garacens, page 357. 
"In the year 779 nuhanred l Mandi was on the throne of BacIdad, and 
cernine this caliph we read: 
"'Before the first year of his reign had closed Mandi determined to make 
lAlgrimaee to 'ecca, and his arranenents were of the most luxurious description. 
ee to were parried to protect the prince and his suite from the sun, and many 
camels bore freight of snow from Zorassan to cool the air still more; el/m.7 meaas 
vas taken to .:;uerd against all weariness of the flesh, and to ensure the enjoyment 
of the long journey.' —Id., ra6o 361. 
"The prophecy had declared that the ncorpions should hurt for-a period of 
five months. hen the limit of one hundred and fieAy actual years is reached from 
the beginning of hostilities against the Fastern empire, we find the historian 
saying: The former desire for conquest had now elven place to the love of luxury.' 
Id. pace 365.'--"The 7astern -uestion," pp. 19, 20. 
louehly speakin3, this term from ,,K) to 779 does, it muet be acknowledged, 
cover the time of the :r,atest vi :or in the -oslem attack. Therefore the author of 
t}:1s book,"The Fastern *:uestion," [in 
"lithouh we may not be able to rut our finer on any particular event 
about the year 779 that stands out as a landmeric to efine the conclusion of the 
one hundred and fifty years, we are euite safe in :.:eeiwe that at that time the five 
months of torment have manifestly come to a cleee. 7;ith their termination by the 
. year 779, the first woe is passed."-- pa , 20. 
t the same time, bile 629 .1.ves a very fair starting date, in that then 
the ::aracens had their first conflict (a minor one) eith the 7astern empire, the 
year 779 brings, apparently, no decisive event to terminate the period. :_;onsider-
in,e. a number of events in the early development of the 7ohemmedan power,•771liott, 
in hie "horae pocalypticae," decides in. favor of the peAmd 612 to 762 as afford-
irie a one hundred and fifty year term coveriiv the time of 2;reatest :7;aracen con-
quest, and beginning and endilk; with events really decisive in the developmnt of 
Islam. 
It was in the year 612 that 7ahomet made his public announcement of his 
commission, and with a few followers athered about him "threw off all reserve" 
IIrvin's ire), announcine himself openly as "a prophet sent by lod to rat an 
end to idolatry." Illiott 
"In the circumetances of tale public opening of his mission, A.D. 612, 
there as then for the first tine expressed that principle of propagating his false 
reli3ion by violence and v,lth the sword, which made his follorers a woe to all the 
countries near them, and was specially a declaration of war on Christendom." 
Vol. 1, p. 428. 
Of this date 612 th chaf-,*-erzoThloyclopedia says:..- 
"Three Tears of prechine e,ainnd him about fifty follewers, and then 
(612) he be an to teach in public, 4;11.'1 house opposite the Kaaba." 1•11.1111• 
, 
Art. eonammed. 
5 
The one hundred fifty years from this date end in 762, when the new 
dyn:Isty of Caliphs, the Abbassides, reoved the seat of the 3aracen empire from 
Deascur, in Syria, to the river Tigris, and founded. Bagdad, as nliott 
"Beyond the old Roman uphratean frontier. It was in the year 762 
Viet Almanzor there Lid its foundation; and thither the government an head of 
the locusts took its flight far eastward, away from Ohrietendon."--;711iott, 
Vol. P. 47)2. 
74Oting this removal of the Saracen capital to Bagdad, Afobon 
"In this city of peace, amidst the riches of the nast, the --.bbassides 
soon disdained the abstiaence and frugality of the first Caliphs, and aspired 
to eniii Le the magnificence of the .?ersian kings.".-- Ch. 52:11. 
"The luxury of the Caliphs, so useless to their private hanpiness, 
rellced the nerves and terminated the progress of the rl,bian empire. . . . 
War was no longer the passion of the Saracens."-- Ch. 52:12. 
knd the Saracens began to lose control, and a new race to appear. 
Muir 
"Before long -the Caliphs drew their body-uard entirely from the Turks 
abTit the Oxus. . . 3efore long these began to overshadow the noble Arab chieftains; 
and ao we soon find the imperial forces officered almost entirely by Turcanans." 
Caliphate," page 47)1.) 
The "Fistorians' 'letory of the World" (Vol.d, p. 209) says of the Caliph- 
Al-ansur's transfer of Vie 
"Thus he founded Bagdad (762), which was destined to eclipse all other 
cities of the Orient. . The people of the 7ast rearded with satisfaction this 
change of capital (which brought the seat of government nearer to themselves; but 
the inhabitants of 7pAn and Maghreb, already discontented with their isolated 
Situation which made them in a way mere tributary provinces, were only awaiting 
a favorable opportunity to de&lare their independence." 
Voharrnedan author, Ameer Ali, says of the chan4) of capital:- 
"The seat of e,overnment is removed from yria to Irak; the Syrians lose 
the monoply of influence and power they had hitherto possessed, and the tide of 
power is divided from the Wact to the f:ast. But the unity of the Caliphate was 
gone. for ever." (History of the ':;aracents" pae 20b) He adds, from a French 
author: "The age of coneuesthaii passed; that of civilization had commenced." 
The scoepion power of the Saracens to. sting and hurt the empire was 
end the seat of their )3,ternment was taken beyond the bounds of the 
Tdr e 
This term, therefore, from 612 to 762, seems to be bounded at the bein- 
and ending by decisive events that mark the flowing and ebbin8 of the tide of 
aracenic invasion. Closing the prophecy concerning the Saricens, the scripture 
s (verse fN 
"One me is past;, anf:1 behold, there come two woes more hereafter." 
The ever-diminishinF ower of the aracon Caliphate continued at Bagdad 
til the conflicts and overturnins by the 7:vuls and the Turks, the latter jrow- 
into power in the rejmn of the 1phrates in the eleventh century and onward. 
The sounding of the sixth trumpet loosed the four navels bound in the great river 
Euphrates, and from all the four quarters of that region came a Turkish invasion of 
the empire. 
. A. Freeman says of these overturnWs:-- 
"The bloe: ljhich seemed the most crushing of all, the overthrow of the 
Caliphate by the 7:oguls (l258), was part of a chain of events which broue.,ht on the 
stay) e -ohammedan power more terrible than all that had gone before it. A have now 
Come to the time of the first appearance of the ottoman Turks." (00ttoman Power," 
ge 98.) 
Mb 7 
Under the second woe the attack was not merely to hurt but to kill. This 
is the utter overthrow of the one remaining portion of the old Roman empire, 
eastern "third part." Verse 15 says; "And tee four an eels were loosed, which 
erepared for an hour, a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay the third 
of men." 
Th.e recent ork, :''astern nestion," issued by our London heuee, deals 
th the 331 years as follows:- 
have seen that it vas not until 1453 (the fall of Constantino le" 
t the four angels *oved to be entirely loosed and free to put an end to the 
ern empire. 71) till that time some obstacle had aleays arisen between the 
ks end the object of teeir lone-cherished ambitions. :The actual 1 .osin of the 
els, however, preceded the takirr of Constantinople by sour years. 
-hflia the last emperor ascended the ill-fated throne, the empire formally 
itself under the feot of the 9ultan. Constantine, the brother of John 71, was 
perta when the throne became vacant, and. Inlsmuch as Constantine had recently 
part in hostilities against the sultan, 71urad 11, it was thought doubtful 
- th t llurad would consent to acknonledee hin as emperor, and some were in favor of 
crovesiag Demetrius, a youneer brother. So before Constantine could be formally 
`"prodAmed emperor, Lirad was appoached to know .f he would consent to Constantine's 
wearin:, the crown. It was not until 7urad eave his consent that the imperial 
insignia were sent to Constantine in perta, and the ceremony of cornn tion was 
performed there, the 6th. of January, 1449. 
"'The arguments of the Prince Demetrius' partisans were based not so much 
on personal as on public :;rounds -- the political interest of the Ctate. At last 
a compromise was made: an embassy was to be sent at once to the 7ultan to ask 
hie -iibuld he acknowledee Despot Constantino as emperor or not ? This course was 
perhaps the only one to eeevent civil war, or eventually an attack on the part of 
$e Turks, but it shows more than anythtne else the growing weakness of the e ire, 
and the failine sense of dienity.' - Constantine, Last 7mperor of the ';reeks, by 
rOhedomi Mijatovich, paee . 
8 
"Clearly, the independence of the eastern empire was now one; its king 
was in the fullest sense but a nominee of the Sultan, and when 7ohastmed, on his 
accession to the sultanate in 1451, determined at once to proceed elth the lone'-
deferred acquisition of Constantinople, the result was hardly in doubt a moment." 
ep. 25 26. 
 
Thus this work reckons the 391 years from January 6, 1449, endin3 in 
eaere- 1640, in the "midst of the neeotiations eoine on between the. treat Powers 
of Europe as to how the Turkish Empire could be preserved." etc. 
This preserves the years 1449-1640 for the 391-year period, but. dropping 
o,t the :a ust 11 date. 3ut if we must re-study the nuestion of the pronhetie 
periods of 150 years and 391 years, is it wit eorth while to eive study to the 
question as to whether the dates 1449-1640 are really the decisive ones in the 
history ? Josiah Utah fixed upon 1449 as the-beeinning of the period by tekine, 
the-150 years that the prophecy assigned to the Saracens under the first woe and 
apelving it to Othman and the Turks under the second woe. Aid the basis of this 
computettion was Gibbon's error of .July 27, 1299. latch understood also that 
John V1, next to the last emperor, died in 1449. 3ut he died in 1446 (Oct. 3); 
2nd it was in 1448 that the peor,le Of Constantinople "formally peoclaimed" 
Constantine emperor, and it ras in 1446 that the Sultan :ave his consent to this 
succession. ,11,d a reviee of the events rrecedine 1446 seem to mini ize the 
decisive significance of this act of takine counsel eiC1 the Sultan as to the 
suceession to the throne of Coestantinele. For years the emperors had acknowledged 
themselves vassals of the Sultan. A few dates will illustrate:- 
1361 - ilmperor John V, obtained the support of the Sultan :lurad to re-
gain his throne, from ehieh iis oen son was tryin-; to keep him. "In the year 
1381, he concluded a treaty with the Sultan 2arad, acknowledging himself again a 
vassel and tributory of the Ottoman Pmpire." (inlay's "Inst. ;recce," Vol. 3, 
Page /(',) 
"Bsst remembered emon; the tribulations of John is the siege of 
Philadelphia. . . nured, wishing to subdue it, compelled John V and his son 
Manuel to march in person against the last Christian stronghold in sia. The 
Emperor submitted to tee de-srad-tion, and PhiladelPhia surrendered when it saw 
the imperial banner hoisted amon the horse-tails of the Turkish pashas above the 
camp of the beeieers. The humiliation of the empire could so no futther." 
(Oman, "Byzantine -aror 
pas°. 3t3) 
1389 - 3ayesid bacame sultan and renewed the 1381 treaty. -hen John 
began to strengthen the walls of Constantinople the 3ultan ordered hi' to level 
t 
V. .round all that he had put up; and the Emperor tore it down. 
1391 - John V died and his son Manuel, servin with the Turkish forces, 
et secretly to assume the throne. For going thus secretly slthout counsel, the 
Sultan treated him as a rebellious vassal and threatened to put another on the 
thro ,-. But "he accepted the submission of Manuel and the Jreek emperor again 
appeared as a vassal at the ublime r-orte." Finlay, "Byzantine end ;reek ':!mpires," 
1.1:22....a2q/L "Manuel also en aged to pay the Sultan an annual tribute:" 
1425 - 1448 Reign of John Vl. "H never forgot that he was a vassal 
' 
 - Ottoman Empire." (Finlay) 
1/1/18 -- hen John V1 died, Constantinople chose his brother Constantine 
his successor. he was in Sparta, in ;reece. "As he had been recently engaged in 
hostilities with the Oultan, it was doubtful whether Lured would acknowledge him 
emperor, and lemetrius (a brother who had formerly tried to :et the throne from 
John, securing Turkish troops for the purpose) availed himself of these doubts to 
another attemet to occupy the throne." Bat Demetrius failed, as Constantine 
was the choice of the people:— 
"He -ses, therefore, formally proclaimed emperor, and the consent of the 
Sultan havia,:, been obtained to leis assumption of the imperial title, a deputation 
Wes sent to the 2eloponnosus to carry him the insignia of empire. 7he ceremony of 
,his coronation was performed at Sperta in the month of January, 1449. (Finlay, 
1s" ;21.21211272111-Lt-E2122.12-49L7) 
e 131 years, measured from 1153, end in 1b44. bout 1810 (or earlier) Buck's 
eoll;ical Dictionar, under "!abomedtnism" snid:—.. 
-10- 
The incident of seczrinj the ',"ult(Ln's consent hardly se-ms to stand out 
from other and even more formal ackneldekmments of vessalte;e to the Turk. 
2),d it 
occurs in 1448. -)psides this, Constantine was really less of e vassal to the Turk 
than his Predecessors: "A iriuce whose heroism throws a sunset jory on the close 
of the lone-clouded series of the Byzantine annals," (Fistoriles? Fist. of the 
World, Vol. 24, 
 327) 
If we were 1)okine at the hietory alone, what event would we take es 
really marking the end of the :-,astern emniee and the full succession of the Turkish 
pacer In intornreting the fourth trumpet of Revelation 6, marking the end of the 
Ce-tern imperial line, we do not take the earlier incidents of the shameful settill; 
up and putting down of the last "puppet" emperors by the .barbarian chiefs, but ee 
we directly to the act of 0 oacer that extinguished for ever the line of western 
emperors, in 476. That seems to follow a sound principle of interpretation. ;oply—
in the same principle to the similar decay of the eastern ime, rial rower ae would 
naturally look to the stroke that ended the line of eastern emperors, the fall of 
Constantinople, !'ay 29, 1453. 
Yvery historian takes that as the decisive point in the hietory:-- 
Lerd John Russell: ith the fall of onstantinople was extinguished 
for ever the last vertiee of the majesty of ome." 'ire;leton's "Turk(ly end the 
BaLcIn Otates," p. 10) 
Oman: " 11 —urope knew that the end las come of the longest tale of 
empire that Christendom has yet seen," ( 'Byzantine —urope," p. 350) 
Hutton: "The a'e.e—long fieht which the imperial east had wa;ed over 
barbarism was over. The city of the Caesars and the Church was in the hands of 
the infidel." ("Joestentineele," p. 150.) 
In the re—study of the period of 391 years, it would seem worth .eile to 
at least consider this really decisive event of 1453 in its bearing upon the full 
eosin, or settine up of the "urkish power as a scourge to eastern Christendom. 
11 
"0 f things yet to come it is difficult to say awthing with precision. 
We have, however, saris reason to believe, from the aspect of Scripture prophec:,, that, 
triumphant as this sect has bren, it shall at last cane to nought. as it arose as a 
scourge to Christendm about the time that antichrist obtained a temproal dominion, 
so it is not improbablje but they will nave their dotalfill n.earl at the same period. 
The ninth chapter of Revelations seems to refer wholly to this imposture: bur 
angels were loosed,' says the prediction, 15th verse, fikhich were prepared for an 
hour, and a day, and a month, axsi a year, f or to slay the third fart of men.' This 
period, in the langas4.;e f prophec-v, rakes 39; yeart, which, being added to the year 
when the four angels were loosed, till bring us down to 1844, or thereabouts for the 
final destruction of the Lahometan empire. It must beaccaressed, however, that though 
the event is certain, the exact time carnot be easily ascertained." 
'Tabershorn,s "Historical Exposition of the 
apocalypse," (page 1%) issued in 1641, says:— 
"It is not extravagant to believe that that fall nay take place at the 
termination of the t]eriod, as set forth in this prophecy; alai which termination, 
reckoning 391 :eears, 'the hour, and the da;v, and the month, and the ,ear') from the 
fall of Constantinople on the 2'th of l!ay 1453, Will ha Ten in June, 1844." 
That the prophetic period was not to reach to the end of this power, 
but to mark a special reriod of its persecuting supremacy -- "to spay the third part 
of men.." Under the law of tae ,---:oran, Christ innity was to be bbt tolerated under 
stigma, while to turn from Islam to Christianity was death. "Thasoever changes his 
religion, kill hia with the sword. " (Highes1 Dictionary of Islam under " apostacy") 
And this was the rule up to 1844. In that year in which began the full hour of the 
last message that was to go to everynation and people, 1-ioslems as pill as others, 
there was a most remarkable reversal of Islamic posit ion. In this -1.aybreak in. 
Turkey," Bars on sap: "The year i.e44 is memorable in Turkey." 
The facts, moat briefly pit, are as follows: In the "Lernotte" of 
Sir •tratford Canning, British ambassador to Turkey, there is this note under date 
"august, 1843": "A painful incident, the execution of al individualobn religious 
grounds, brought on a most important change in the practice, if not in the jr inci- 
plea of the Sultan's government." ..,rmenian, who kiwi become a Moslem, turned 
back to Christianity, and was giblicly executed in a chief street- of Constantinople, 
and his body exposed. for three days, advertis irg the law of Islas. Canning took it 
up by order of his government, also the French ambaerador, by order of France, joined 
by others. Rifat Pasha, the Foreign Minister, answered for the sultan: -- 
"The l'orte, he said, not only caild not alter a divine law, but could 
not risk her character as a Lassulmai :Sower even by a writt en reply t D the remon-
strances of the five poviers led by the British ambassador." lane-?oole's "Life of 
Canning." Vol. 2, page 91.) 
"Meanwhile another religous execution too: place at Br.lea, this time of 
a Greek, (Dec. 1643), followed by similar otests from the five ambassadors. • The 
Turkish minister still declared:— 
"a& law prescribed by God himself was not to re set aside by any human 
power.' The Sultan, he said, might risk his throne in the attempts?" (Id.) 
It was a crisis in the history of the sword of Islan. Council after 
council was held. 
The situat ion bee so antense that ?ranee called off its ambassador, 
and Cana:ogle government was ready to accept the offer of the Porte to settle matters 
in a confidential, cmaprimising way. But Canning said in his 'Memoirs," "Too much 
was at stale for me to be held back." He wrote Lord 4berdeen, the premier, Feb. 29, 
"There is in truth, no lasting security a.gainst the recurrence of the 
barbarous eractice exceot in a real SIZrrencler of the principle." 
He felt upon him the izepersative burden to bring the power of Islam 
to surrender teat age-long principle. He is counted in %relish deplomatic his tory 
as the "Great Elchi" (ambassador), aid this contert is referred to as markine the 
great personal power he wielded over Turkey; but he himself always felt that onle, 
God could have done the thing accenpliseed. Lane-Poole says:-- 
"On the Leith of learch, le4M, Rifat Pashe presented a note containing 
the following promise:— 
"es the law does not admit of ark chance being made in the ertictments 
regarding the punishment of apostates, the eublime i'orte will take efficacious 
measure, the measur es which are possible, in order that the executioes )f Christians 
who, having become leasseantane, return to Christianity, shall not take place.' 
"This was refused as inadequate, aard as reasserting a bad principle; 
and on the 21st, after other essays, which were contested word by word, the easioa 
dispatched the final assurance referred to in the preceding extract fron the leernoire:- 
"The Lublime ?orte engages to tare effectual measures to erevermt 
henceforward the execution and putting to (Leath of tee Christian who is a ap3state.'" 
(Id. p.96) 
This was to be confirmed orally by the eultan. Then foliaged the inter- 
view, etarch 23, lo 4. 
 gives the account in his "elemoirs";-- 
audience fallexed, and aidu-l-Wej id, performed his promise to the 
letter. He added that he vas the first Sultan who had ever made sece a concession, 
and was else: that the lot of receiving it had fallen on me. I replied that I hoped 
he would allow me to be the first Christian ambassador to kiss a eultanfs eer.d. 
"No --no he exclaimed, and at the same time shook me by the hare most cordial ly. 
Thus ended this redoubtable negotiation." (Id•, Pere 96.) 
Before this interview, arming had sent a Tote to the Turkish minister, 
putting on record the meaning of the declaration, and clinchine its widest application. 
The note was:— 
The official declaration coerarnicated by his excellency, the leinister 
for Foreign Affairs shall be transmitted to the eritish Covert:rent, who will understate" 
r Jell satisfaction that the eubliee zorte, in tii effectual measures to prevent 
bencefereaed the execution art patting to death of any Christ lane, an apostate from 
Islamism, relinquishes for ever a principle inconsistent with its friendly professions; 
and the further assurances to be given at the areeassadorel audience of the eultan, 
in the sende of the Instruction presented in cope to the eorte on the 9th ultimo, 
will fully sttisfy the Lritish eavernment that Christianity is not to be insulted 
in his Highness' &Tire, nor any one professing it to be treatee as a criminal , or 
persecuted on that account." (Id., footnote.) 
Lane-Poole se— 
"The acceptaree of course vastly exterded the meaning as the ambassador 
intended it should, and Rifat Pasha dedinitely refuted to receive it. But Canning 
was aot to be denied.. Before his audience of the Sultan on the fallowing day, he 
encountered the Foreign Minister and presented the note to him once more. Rifat ptrt 
his hands behind his back. Then the Lireat 71chi. (ambassador) advancing in his wrath 
literally thrust the paper upon the Pasha. The audience set the seal to the whole, 
and a revolution in Islam was thus eeacefully accomplished.," (Id., p.97) 
It was indeed a revolution in Islam. bpeaking of it, Barton s s in his 
"Daybreak in 7" reey" p. 251,- 
"Two days later, Abdul rejid, in a conference with Sir Stratford, 
gave assurance 'that henceforward neither shall Christianity be insulted in my 
dominions, nor shall Christianity be insulted in my &minions, nor shall Christians 
be in anyway persecuted for their religion.' The elver of these pledges was not 
only snita-n of :Turkey, but ho was ablo the caliph of the lleharenedan world. The 
year 1044 is memorable in Turkey and among rohaemedane for this record of conces- 
sions in the intererts of religious liberty in Turkey, and for all races, including 
Moslems." 
Dr. Goodell, lueetican inissienary, (who wan then in Turks') sas.0 that 
"declared that the eivirg of such a pledge by the Sultan seemed to 
him little less than a miracle, and that God alone conlderave brought it to is ss." 
(Forty years in the Turkish Empire." p. 292.) 
Canning wrote his brother on tlaillary ln 1845:— 
"Our last result belongs to the deceased year. It was a great one, 
but little tmerstood beyond the veil. It reads inaocently "Renegases fm Islamism 
to be no more put to death.,-- Yet war it the first dagger-thrtst into the side of 
the false prophet and his creed. Snell wounds mv widen but they never close. . • 
Whenever we meet again . . 1 . I will tell you how marve loesly and providentially 
the ahole affair was carried through." (Lane-Poole's "Life,'` Vol. n, pane 135.) 
Whatever weight may be Oven to events of other 
ar s, in the ,tudy 
of this 391 yeareprefiod, during which in some special sense the Turkish power was 
to slu,y," it is certainly striking that just 391 years after the fall on Constanti-
nople and the Eastern empire and the fall supremacy there of the Turkish power 
wielding the sword of Islam, there should core this remarkable surrender and reversal 
of the law of Islam's sword, in 1844. At any rate, 1614 is the memorable" e ear 
in latter-day Turkish history, so far as concerns the kesi 2,:pslemiaittitude tiovein 
Christianity. The ninth of Revelation closes with this prophetic period of the secold 
woe. If that peri ad closes with the providential opening of the door of missions to 
the oslem world in 1644, how closely connected in thewht is the theme of chapter 10, 
which opens with the angel declaring "time no longer and announcing the finite inn of 
the nasoel work at the next step in God's plan. 
N. B. -- Again it ehould be stated that the presentation of these 
considerations at this time is not as a thesis to be artued for, but rather es s sug-
gestion of evidences to be welshed in studying the matter. Then we find an error 
as to a stater:le-A of historical fact, it may be promptly dropped; but arriving at an 
innerpretetion of a historical prophecy calls for careful studs and weighing of all 
the evidence so as to find just where the outline of the prophetic picture appears 
in the history. 
NUM ON SCLIE YEARS OF EITROPEAli IitrOVELTION 
IN TURKIS AFFAIRS totTSEEN 
1627 and 166 
Fran the point of view of the progress of the work of God in the earth, 
the event of 1844, opsningthe MOS lem door, seems on the fate, at least, more sill 
and strikirg than any event bf 1640. In fact, it seems difficult to sake 104) stand 
out so conspicuously as onn would ?Fee in rking the termination of a prophetic 
period. To Josiah Latch the convention of the Porers in 1840 aixl their interven-
tion to maintain the Sultan seened decisive, as he expected the result would be the 
Canning 
speedy fall 
fall of Turkey. itut looking at it in relation to everts before and after, it 
does not steed out so prominently in the history. 
For years before and years after combinations of the ?ewers intervened 
in Turkish affairs, sanetirnes in favor of the lealtan, with his coesent, a:Tel 63172 times 
against him without consent. For exanple: 
1827 -- "In July, 1627, Er€land, France, ard r'useie signed a treaty 
of Lando _,
ii b which they bound themselves to cenpel the ',lurk, by force, if it diould 
be needful, to acialawledge thefreedom of Greece." (Freeman's "Ottoman Paster" rage 
183 ) . powers sunk the entire Turkish fleet in their handling of the matter, and 
Tthis interference with r.reer'eey's affairs the fa MOUS Metternich said: "Far Europe 
the event of October 20 began a new era." 
18251 — Treaty between Russia aaid 'fur •eey • rgt on decla red that 
the Ter, feel .eoeer in Europe no longer existed, arei that this being so, it was absurd 
to tank of bolstering it up. In any case, since the Russian occupation of the 
principalities made Turkey to all intents and purposes a erovicce of 7.2:186 ia, 
the integrity of the Ottoman ihpire vas to longer of supremo importance to England." 
"rreillipsf leodern Europe, ' p. 16P1.) 
133 — "On July 8, 1833, was signed the famous treaty of Unkiar 
Skellisi, wich, under the form of an offensive and defensive alliance between Russia 
and the Ottoman Empire, virtually in the wards of Count 2,:esselrode hirseelf, legalized 
for the future the armed intervention of Russia in Turkish affiirs. . In 'rance 
aid Emelesed the news of the conclusion of this treaty roused immense excitement. 
Palmerston declared that it placed Turkey under Russian vasalege, and that, as far 
as laid was coecerned, it had no existence." (Ie. p. :_lte•`) 
1840. -- "On July 3, 1840, without the enowledge of the French am-
bassador, was signed the coeiventior of London, by which the roar Powers, Russia, 
LAatria, Prussia, and England, uneertaok to protect the Sultan atainst Metier 
All" (whose caese against theultar. was beirt; championed by Fie-zee.) 
(Id.P.228). 
1841. -- Wobarsex by the treat of 1841, vas co di ned to his 
Baptizer' possessions, under the suzerainty of the 
-eiltan, the integrity and indepen-
dence of shose empire was now placed formallyunder the guarantee of the ereat Powers. 
The treaty of 1841 was a new ant; vital dersrtere: Turkey was for the first time 
placed in a state of tutelaiee." (Turley) Lane-Pool.) 
1856. — (after Crimean War) The war was ended by the treat:: of 
Paris la le156. The terms of t'hat;trealey are well worth studying. Ey its revalth ar-
ticle, the powers which sig ed it, France, Austria, treat Britain, i'russie, Tess la, add 
Sardinia, declared that the eublime Porte, - that is, the Turk, we admitted to pertake 
in the advantages of teal ic law and the European concert . • To admit the Turk 
Was to give an European recognition to a peer which IF not and never can be European." 
"in the sane spirit and powers further e
-;aged to re:pect the 
'independence and territorial integrity of the 0'!._t amen reel re , " (Freeman, 
'Ottoman Power in Fearape, pp 155, 11.1) 
ADVENT SOURCE COLLECTION 
tieneral Conie no ,:f aventn-Day Adnawie 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 
Extracts read by Professor Beneon. No, 3 
ARLIAMENTARY PAPERSV VOL. 29, PART 2. 
No. 116. 
Colonel qodes to Viscount Palmerston . - (Received September 9). 
(Extract) 
idexandria, auguti 17, 1840. 
On the 11th instant, Rifat Ley, bearer or the demands of the Sublime 
Porte, reached lex,andria,. The general object of his mission soon began to be 
known in the city, aid as the French and Russian Consuls-General had withi n a 
few days officially cautioned the merchants and residents of their respective 
nations, I felt that the time was now arrivcd to follow that example. I therefore 
addressed to Lr. Consul Larking the enclosed dispatch of the 11th instant, which 
produced the three subsequent public letters of the 12th, 144th, and 15th of 4,1.1g4st, 
all or which I hive the honor to submtt to your perusal. 
Inclosure 1 in Number 116. 
Colonel Aodges to :r. nsul Larking. 
(Circular) 
Aexandria , _,urust 11, l& O. 
Eir, 
resolutiore vh ich have been t aken by f our of the Creat ".1.1ropean 
Powers for the pacification of the East, the arrival t fit morning of a special 
Envoy from the Sublime Poxtb, and the inflexible demeanour assumed by Ilehemet 
have inspired some doubts as to the continuance of friendly relations with the Pasha. 
Inclosufs 1 in Number 117. 
Colonel Hodges to Viscount Ponsonby 
(Extract) 
Laexandri a, August, 16, 1849. 
On the 11th of imigust, Rifat Bey reached this port, and was subjected 
to eix days' quarantine, which expire this morning. He has been lodged very C 3M-
modiousl, in the Pasha's sea baths. Both in c ol junction with my Colleagues, and alone, 
I have had with his Excellency several protracted and confidential interviews. Ve 
are all gratified by the very judicious cnoice of the Sublime ?orte, Whose Envq5; 
displays those rare qualities which render him perfectly equal to the difficult mis-
sion with thich he is entrusted. 
0110 * * * 4110 
(Extracti 
Inclosure 2 in Number 117. 
Colonel Hodges to Viscount Ponsoby. 
Alexandria, ugust 16, 1640. 
 
 
 
ON the arrival of Rifat ey in Alexandria, Ilebemet Ali was absent from 
thetase on a tour of the Delta. 
The Pasha returned to this city on the afternoon of the 14tth instant. 
The same evening he was visited by the French Consul-t;eneral. 
Early this morning, Rifat Bey was liberated frail quarantiM, and at 
haf-past eight o'clock, A. LI., he had his first audience of tho Pasha. This was 
private, as had been arranged between Rifat ey and the Consuls-Ceneral of the ?our 
Powers. 
It ap pears that the receitiori of tfne LA. tan' Envoy was aivthing but 
garciis or favorable; hit the results of that interviev, are fully related by Rifat 
Bey himself, in Minutes which I have now the honor to inclose. 
Discouraged by his wt of success, Rifat fey at first proposed an im-
mediate return to Constantino de; but, in conjunction with my Colleagues, I rPere-
sented to him the propriety of awaiting the expiration of the first and sedond per-
iods of ten day s specified in t Convent on, and at the termination of Which it 
will be proper to sake new and formal summonses of cemliance. rith these suggestions 
Rifat key has fully concurred, to console him for his recent check. 
Inclosure 3 in No. 117 (Translation) 
Report of the Interview between Rifat Bev and Lehmet Ali. 
THIS day, Sunday, at 2 o'clock, Turkish time, ails Excelncy, Rifat 
rey ,prodeeded to Mehemet dli, at his express invitation, accompanied by the individuals 
attached to his person, and the result of the Interview which took place between them 
is contained in t43 following lines: 
113. 1j). 
Colonel ',lodges to Viscount Palmerston -- (Received Eieptember 9) 
Alexandria„ August 26, 1640. 
My Lord, 
I HAVE the honor to enclose, f ar the information of your Lon-ithip, 
the minute of an interview which took place this mornini, titween Mehemet Ji End 
his Excellency Rifat Bey, the special Envoy from the Eublime Porte, who was acccmpanied 
by the Consuls-Gene-al of the ?our Powcre parties to the Convention of the lth of 
July. 
I have, &c., 
(Signed) G. Lloyd Hodges. 
Inclosure in umber 130. 
Minute of an interview on the 26th of Argust, between Mehemet li and 
Rifat Bey, accompanied by the C-onsule-ve.neral of the Four ?owers, on the expiration 
of the first term often due. 
OM eft mow 
war am 
ow me. 
Ik;o. 190 
Colonel Hodges to Viscount 'Palmerston. - (211ceived October 6.) 
-3- 
Lord, 
.-dexandria, Ceptember 6, 1840. 
YETE1lea morning his Excellency Rifat Bey, topether with the consuls-
General of the Four Powers parties to the Convention of the 15th of July, eei ted on 
Bemeiseteli in order to receive his final reply to the demands of the Slublime 2orte, 
The ;?asha being confined to Ms room by a painful indeisposition, gave his official 
..-nswer through the =diem of his Minister, E:Ani Bey. 
 . 
The details of our interview are contained in the Minute I have the 
honor to inclose, End of which the original was yesterda; forwarded to Ms Excellency 
Viecount Pensonby, at Constantinople. The hasty departure of His Excellency Rifat 
hey, and the coreequent want of his signature, prevent my foreardine to your Lordship 
a duplicate instead of a copy. 
I 'nave, 
(I- imed) Cie Lloyd ;Iode7es. 
Inclosure in No. 190 (Translation) 
Minute of the interview which took place on the 5th September, be-
tween Sami Bey and Rifat Be' a c coin pan feel by the Consuis-General of 1h P (our Ipawers. 
PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS , VOLUME 23, PART I. 
No. €i6. 
(Trarel at on) 
SEpierrE 4CT 
Alihered to .he Convention concluded at London on the rth of Ju 
, 
140, between fh e bouts of Great Britain, eus ria, i sLiei a • uss a, on he one 
part, and the F,ublime Ottanan i'erte, on the other. 
HIS Hivhnese the sultan intends to grant, and to cause to be notified 
to
--eehemet ell, the condition of the arrangement hereinafter detailed:- 
2. 
If within the space if ten days, fixed above, ehemet eli should not 
accept the above-nentioned arrarcement, the Sultan will then withdraw the offer of 
the life aerninistratian of the 2aske.lic of ecre; but lie Highness will still consent 
togreet Leheeret for himself and for his descendants in the direct line, the ad- 
ministration of the 1-)ashalic of Feeept, provided such offer be accepted eit tin the 
space of the ten days next following; that is to say, within a period of twenty deeds 
to be reckoned fron the day on which the communication shall have been !Nide t him; 
and provided that in t :is case also, he pieces in the hands of the agent of the Sultan, 
the necessary instructions to his military and naval Commanders, to withdraw immediate-
ly within the limint 6, and into the torts of the 2ashalic of ::apt. 
Professor Prescott's translation of lAbbO 's sources. 
In the interpretation of the fifth trumpet of Revelation 9, we lue 
stated that the 150 years co menced on the 2 7th day of July, 1299. As authority for 
this stat anent, we have quoted the following passage frcv Gibbon: "It was on the 271h 
day of July, in the year 1299 of the Chrictian era, that Othman first invaded the ter-
ritory of Nicomedia; end the singular accuracy of the tilts 'teems to disclose some 
foresight of the rapid and destructive growth of the monster." As his authority fbr 
this statement, Gibbon refers to the Greek Historia4 2ackimer. Referring to Pachymer, 
we find that the 25th chapter of the 4th book of his "Histord of Affairs from the Tins 
of Adronious Palaeologue" opens with the following statene nt:- 
"On the 27th dr of the month of July, in the neighborhood of Baphetun 
(this place is rear the renowned Nicomedia), Atman with his men totaling the number 
of maw thousands, unexpectedly appearing and making a stgen attack - but it would 
be better to recount this whole matter frail its beginnings." 
It will be observed that, although the day of the month is menti oned 
in this stat rent, there is no reference to the year in which the event occurred. 
This lack is sppplied in a chronological Table of Contents appended to this history 
by fossinus, tvho translated tds history from the Greek into Latin. In this chrono-
logical outline under the year 1299, we find the followirg naragraph: 
"Atran the satrap of the Persians, called by others Ottoman, the 
fiskifier ef the house now reigning among the Turks, grows strong in power by uniting 
to himself numerous bands of ferocious robbers from Paphlagonia," Lib. 4, . 25. 
s this reference is to the book and chapter already referred .4, 
which gives the month and day of the invasion of the territory near Nicomedia, it 
Seems altogether likely that Gibbon jumpted to a conclusion that this battle was in 
the year 1209. but going on further in this chronological outline, ws, find unier 
the year 1301 the Miming peragraph:- 
"About t hi s time man, ar Ott =an, asstared t he royal name, and later 
having captured i'rusa, placed the seat of his kingdom there. Dying later, as the 
Arabian chron.ologer aliannabius narrates, in the year of the Hegira 7 (this is in 
the year of Christ about 1327), he left his son Urchan beir of the kingdan established 
in the recently captured city of ?ruse.. Pachymer mentioned the besieging of Prusa 
Book 5, Chapter 21, rage 296, and the capture Eook 7, Chapter 27." 
further on in this chronological, outline, under the year 1302 
we find the following matter:- 
"While the Hetaeriarque Muzzalo, leader of the Roman forces in Bithynie 
was striving to withstand atman who was devestating the whole neighborhood, le was 
worsted, owing to the disgraceful, half-heartedness and cowardly despair of the Roman 
soldiers v:ho fought without spirit, and in a manner to evidence their de!:eneracy. 
Vith great difficulty and by the brave assistance of the alati, he (2uzzalo) suc-
ceeded in withdrawing the remnants of his shattered army within the walls of Eicome-
dia. This defeat took place on the 27th day of the month of July in the neighbor-
hood of bapheum near lacomedia." Lib. 4, Cap. 25. 
It will be observed that the reference at the ed of this statement is 
to the ease book and chapter where description is given of the invasion or Nicomeclia, 
but here it is definitely stated that this deat'et took place on the 27th day of the 
month of July, and this, according to Poe sinus, would be in thepear 
In Baron von Hammer's "History of the Ottoman i;.ingdom," Vol. 1, 
page 74, we find the following statement:- 
"Through the simultaneous co rqu est of these th re e strongholds in the 
last year of the seventh century of the 'Tegira, and the thirteenth of t Christian 
reckonint , he per of Osman, as ruler, was firmly grounded, and as at the saae 
time the empire of the 1:,eljuks fell in tame, fran tii s ear dates the independent 
rulership of the family of Osman." 
The date in the margin opposite this statenent is 1299. 
Again in the s ine boo".:, page 79, we find the following :natter:- 
-3- 
"By thi s bil Umurbeg, the Lord of Eastemuni, one of t 'e ten primes Ito 
had divided arow themselves the Eel juk empire, was persuaded to break the pace 
that had been made with the Grecian .wmperor; and strower yet was the enticement for 
the more powerful Osman (?achyme-es II, B. LV, Buch 24, E. S. 230). Near Yojunhisear 
(the Bahheum of Pachymeres) in the neighborhood of Nicomedia, cane the first con-
flict between Omar, and Euzalo, the ietaeriarque, that is, the cemmandant of the 
Byzantine bodygaard; and the defeat of the Greeks was the more fatal, as it left a 
free field for the incursions of Osman, and it ma just in the time of the haavest." 
The marginal date opposite this statement is 1301. 
It is plain that the statement last quoted from von Hamar refers to 
the same battle as is declared by i'achymer to hive occurred 6n the 27th day of July, 
add vkii eh is placed in the year 1302 by his Latin translator Possinus in his chrono-
logical outline. 
In explanat ion of the disagreement between von 'rams r and Possinus 
ae to the year of this Battle, it Iv be stated that the original authorities used 
the lunar year in their reckonirc, and the battle near Nicomedia, according to these 
authorities, ocurred in the 701st year of the Hegira, the starting point of the 
Mohammedan chronoloa, A 
A. D• 622. It is evident that in chaaging the lunar chrono-
locy into the solar chronolog, there is opportunity for knelt variation, aid that 
von Hamner makes the 701st year to correspond to 1301 A. while Possinus places 
it in 1302. 
,,s to the authority of von Harmer's history, the foliar ing quotatioa 
fry the preface to the "history of the Ottoman Turk," by Sir Edward L. Creasy, will 
be pter inent 
"Von Hammer's history of the Ottoran rnpire rill always be the stan-
dard European book on this subject. That history was the result of the labors of 
thirty years, during' which von Harime,r explored in addition to the authorities which 
his predecessors had made use of, the numerous works of the Turkish and other Oriental 
writers of the Ottomn hi,Aory, and the other rich sources of intelligence which are 
to be found in the archives of Venice, Austria, and the other states that haste been 
-4- 
involved in relations of h stilit or amity with the L,ublime arte. Von 'Fizzrier's 
10Ug residence in the Eas. and his familiarity with the institutions, habits, as well 
as with the literature of the Turks, give an additional attractiveness and value to 
his volumes. His learning is as accurate as it is varied his honesty and condour 
are unquestioned, and his history is certaihly one of the productions of tie first 
half of air century." 
T'ae follOwing extract will give you von Ramer to view of the accuracy 
of oibbon:- 
"Tho would believe, even that Gibbon himself the only historian of the 
first feriod of the Ottoman monarchy, who joins extensive italowleds-e of the sources 
and lofty criticism to sublime st: le and wonderful correctnest of judonent, thit 
Gibbon has °emitted some inexcuaable mistakes which he would have avoided by con-
sulting even superficially the Byzantines in the course of this history and particu-
larly in earlier b,oks. It seems to me more than once necessary to correct the philo-
logical, chronological, and geographic, 1 errors of the European readers, my pre-
decerf,ors, in order not to appear to sale ti on them by my silence." 
Havirc now referred to iachynier, the original authority fron vhich 
Gib on drew his info nation, and having consulted von Hamer, whose "History of the 
Ottoman ; ingdom" is recorded as the most reliable work upon this subject, ,Jue are c an-
pelled to conclude that the invasion by Othann to which Gibbon refers, did not occur 
upon the 27th day of fly, 1299, but that it occurred in the 701st year after the 
Hegira, which would be in 1301 or 1302. It therefore follows that we shall be un-
able hereafter to say that the 150 years of the fifth trumpet began on the 47th day 
of July, 1299. 
From 
HERTSLET'S MAP OF EUROPE BY MEATUS. 
July 15, 1 
eeee************************* 
TIE NAME OF TIM 1,10FT MERCIFUL GOD. 
its Highness, the Fulton, having addressed himself to their 20 sties 
the ucen of the United 71 3x..1 of (rat Britain and Ireland, the'lleperor of 
Austria, Fire of ItuIgary and Bohemia, the ring of Prussia, and the Derieror of 111 
the Russians, to ask their snort and assistance in the case in which he finds him-
self placed by reason of the hostile proceedings of Mehemet di, sha of Egypt, - 
difficultier which threaten with danger the Integrit of the Ottoman Fenpire, old 
the indepen6ence of the c:'ultanis throne, - their said Majesties, moved by the 
sincere frier.dship which subsists between than and. the 1:ultan; animated by the de- 
sire of maintaining the Integeity and Independence the Ottoman Empire as a se- 
eurity for the peace D f Europe; faithful to the engagement which they contracted by 
the Collective 1 ote presented to the Porte by their representatives at Constanti-
nople, on the 27th of July 1839; Late (Translations The undersigned have th 
morning received instructions Mom thsi r reppective Governer ets, in virtue of 
which they he the honor to inform the Sublime .Porte that the five grest powers, 
have cane to en understanding on the Eastern Question, and to prevail on her to 
sue pent all dif inite determination without their cooperation. 
ConstantInople, 27th of J,, 1839 . 
Baron de Etrurreer Baron Reiss sin 
Poe onby 
Comte de /..oenimarck 
It :out eneff 
"and desirous moreover, to prevent the effusion of the hostilities which have recently 
broke out in Syria between the .authorities of the Pasha of Fiapt arti the subjects of 
t ultan; their said Majesties aed is 'itighness e Cult= have resolved, for the 
aforesa,id. purposes to conclude togett*r a Convention, and. they have therefore =treed 
as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to says 
- 
Her Majesty, t Queen of the United TinglOm of Great Britain and Irelani, 
the Right Honorable Henry John, Viscount 2alnerston, Baron Temple, a eer of Irebit, 
a member of ter Brittanic Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Council, ilnight t,rand Cross 
Of the Most honorable Order of Path, a Member of Parliament, and the Principle 
Secretary of State for Foreign Afftirs: 
is Lajesty Ling of l''rtzseia, the Cleur Henry Williams, Baron de alow, 
his Chamberlain, Actial 2rivy Councillor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plen-
ipotentiary of Her Brittanic Majesty, etc., 
His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, Tlne, of Hungary and Bohemia, 
the Fleur Philip, Baron de ietzmann, Ms ul1ck Councillor and his Ileninotentiary 
to her Brittanic ajectyt etc.; 
His Majesty, Emperor of all the Russians, the Sieur Philip, baron 
Brunnow, his Privy Counciller, etc.; 
And. His Majesty the Most Noble, Most Powerful, wad Most Magnificent 
Abdul-Medjid, Emperor of the Ottomans, Chekib Effendi, decorated with the 
Ilohan Iftihar of the first lass, :_eyb.kdg1 of the Imperial Divan, Honorary Coun-
!Ulcr of the Department of'or,tsm affairs, His AmbassadorSxtraordinar:? to Her 
,irittanic tiajetAy; "" 
Who, haviT reciprocally communicated t ) ech other their Pull 
re, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon aril signed the followtre 
toles; 
Arrangement in favor of tiehenet Al!. 
His Highness the sultan havinc come to an agreement with their 
.110esties the Queen of the United Xingdemn of Great Bwitain and Ireland, the 
bepoere of L.ustria, Eirc of Hungary and Bohemia, the Xing of Prussia, and tie Emporer 
i0t all the 71usEians, as to the conditions of tha arrangement which it is the inten-
tion of His 7:1ighness to grant to Reheriet Ali, conditiom which are specified in the 
 
Sarate Act hereunto annexed, their Majesties engage tt act in perfect accord aid 
unite their efforts in order to determine Lehemet Ali to corform to that arraigement; 
-3- 
teaeh of the High Contracting ?arties reserving to itself to cooperate for that pare 
pese,=according to the means of action whicth each ma e- have at his disposal, 
Measures to be adopted in case of r fua by Lehet. 
 
Art. II 
All. Naval e1 stance by Creat i,ritis.n to Turkey. 
If the Pasha of Egype should refust to accent the above measure, 
which will be communicated to him by the :,ultan, with the colturrence of their afore- 
said LTajesties enesced to tales at the request of the Sultan, erasures concerted and 
stttled between them in order to carry that arrangement into effect, In the mean- 
while, the sultan havine: requested his said allies to unite, 3.11.1 to assist him ID 
at off the communications by sea between Etypt ard feyria, and to prevent the trans- 
port of troups, horses, arms, a.rri warlike st)res of all kinds from one previne to 
another, Veair 1,1ajesties the 'eu.een of the United Yingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 
and the Fziperor of ,eustria, the Line. of Hungary and Bohemia, engage to e:o immediately, 
to the, t effect the necessary orders to their Naval Commanders in t :!iedeterranean. 
Their said Majesties farther enrage that the naval Commanders of their squadrons shell, 
cording to mesas at their command, afford in the nark of the ellience, al 1 the sup-
port and assistance in their power to those subjects of the Sultan eho nay manifest 
their fidelity and allegiance to their Sovereign. 
Defense of Constantinople by Allied 
Powers against ;Iebezet 
Art. III 
If Mehemet Ali, after having refused to submit to the conditions of 
the arrangements above mentioned., shall direct his land. or sea forces against Consta.n-
tlinople, the High Contracting Parties which on the expree'z. dentind of the Sultan, ad-
dressed to the representatives at Constantinople, agree in such case to comply et th the 
request of the Scrrereign, and to prevent any advance on His Throne by means of co opera-
tion agreed upon by mutual consent, for the perpose of ple.O.ng the two straits or the 
Bospherus and Dardanelles, as well as the capital of the Ottoman npire, in security 
against all aggression. 
-4- 
Allied Forces to withdraw at Request of Sultan. 
It is furteer agreed that the forces whiel, in virtue of such concert 
be sent as aforesaid, shell these rersein employed as long as, thtir presence shall 
required by the Sultan; and when HIE Highness shall deem their presence no lx.iger 
oeesary, the said forces shall dmultaneously withdraw, and shall return to the Black 
ilea and to the Me iterranean respectivelY. 
ANNEX -- Separate Act to the Leenventien of 15th July, 1840. 
0 0 0 • • • . * S S • 
Conditions imeasedeyeheme,pli ithd.reeal Presp6ian 
Troops fran erabia,, Candia, etc. 
The flulte,n, howeiter, in making these offers, attaches thereto the con-
dition that Lie-hemet edi shall accept them within the Bruce of ten days after tIr come 
munication thereof shall have been made to him at Alexandria by ai agent of HIE High-
ness; and that Mehemet 41 shill at the se time place in the hands of Viet agent the 
neeessary Instructions to the Co!mnandere of his sea and laud forces to withdraw iesnediate-
ly from Arabia, and I'm all the rioly Cities which ape therein frog all other parts Of 
the Otte:ea:1 ilsopire which are not compriesed within the limits of Egypt, aid "Vithin those 
of the .eaelialic of Acre, as atove defined. 
.1.••• Wo• • • .to somb 40.• OW 
e6o. 
Time within which Mehemet Ali is to accept rraiement. 
ellao••••...0.0 
*0.10110. 
2. If within the sface of ten days, fixed as above, Mehemet Ali should 
not accept the above emntioned arrareement, the Sultan will then withfraw the offer of 
the life administration of the 2.ashalic of .._cre; but Ile Highness will still consent to 
grant to Mehemet All, for himself and far is descendents in the direct line, i'me 
mixeleeration of the Pashalic of Egypt, provided such offer be accepted within the, space 
Of the ten days next followine, that is to s7$ within a period of twenty cla:ge , tD be 
reckoned frog the da,y on which the corenunication shall have been made to him; and pro-
vided that in this case also, he places in the hands of the agent of the fultan, the 
neeessare instructions to his military and naval commandere to withdraw immediately 
Within the limits , and into the ports of the ashalic of rypt• 
Tributes to be /aid to the Ifulton. 
3. The alnual ibute to be paid to the sultan by I:slit:met Ali, 
hall be Proportioned to the greater or lees amount of territory of wh5eh the latter 
nay obtain the administration, according as he accepts the first or t.!=le seem). alter- 
mtive. 
74,7ehrmet IJI to dellver up the r.furAsh Fleet 
- 
4. It ir moreover, 0. rtrr.1 sl y understood that, in the first as in 
e se ortd aatermtive, rehemts,itli (before the expiration of the secifiej period 
Of 10 Or of days ), shzU to bound to deliver tip t Turkish Fleet, with tin two le 
:Vet its crews and equipments, into the ?land* of the Turkish agent who shall be charged 
to receive the same. The cormanders of the allied squadrons shall be [resent at such 
deliver . . . . . . • . * # . • • 
Offers to be vithart.wn if nit accepted within 20 
••••••11•Me...11.11d. 40111111•••• 
T.f, at the expiration of the of the period of 20 days after 1;:ie 
commurication shall have teen rude (according t.:.) the stipulatl on of Sec. 2) to him, 
Mehemet shall not accede to t proposed arrangement a rd shin riot accept the 
hereditary ?aerate of Ecz.7ot, tie sultan rilVonsider himself at liberty to vithdraw 
that if fer, ad to t 11 ow , in consequence, such ultefior course as his own interests 
and cotansels of Ms liie rw suggest to hin. 
paratfitt to fTm pxt of the Convent i1 n Of 15th o July 1 8. 
Tliv- ?resent I:e.carate shall have the same fords and validity 
as if it wire ineorted, won:7, .for word, in the Convention of this d . • • • • • • 
day 
Done in Lo-xdon, the 15th/of July, ilk the year of Our Lord, IL;0• 
(L. S.) rs ton 
., (L. S.) Thalmann 
(L. S.) Bulow 
(L. S.) Bran-nal 
(L. ) Che Irbbi 
rs.11,00, ••••••••••••• ...111111•1011.••••••••••• 
LONDON TIMES, September 4, 
 
iage 4, Column 6. 
.4' 
 
The arrival of ifat Bey and. Nr. -neon in the BaireTahir steamer from 
Constantinople, on the 11th instant, with the ultimatum of the our 2veers, oro-
duced a crest seneation here. The ?asha was absent at Damietta (it was believed 
on purpose to be out of the way at the moment when all eyes would naturally be 
turned on his, to read the fate of Egypt in their expression), and speculation 
was left to indulee itself at leJsare; for all other occupation, amongst the a:me 
mercial portion of the inhabitants was virtually at an end. eext day, (the 12th) 
Her Brittannic Majesty's consul, :Jr. J. W. Larking, celled together the British 
merchants, residents, etc., and communicated to them the contents of a circuLr 
letter he had received from the Consul-General, Colonel Hoes, conveying in 
general but guarded terms, an intimation of the present criticl state of things 
and pretty strongly hinting the necessity of preparing for the wort*. This ci rcue 
lar letter of advice was far from setislying the deep interest and anxiety mai ifest-
ed by the numbers assembled to receive it, and in coesequence, several leadier ques-
tions were put to the Consul which, can be well imagined, were more easily asked than 
answered. es the subject is a very important one, and as the praceedince which imme-
diately took place will probably be referred to, as involving a matter of serious ref-
erence, at a future day, I shall occupy the time of ree readers by describing the 
desultory and unsatisfactory conference which occured at that meeting, and shell pro-
ceed at once to lay before them the documents' which contains the entire animus of 
the matter in debate, which was the result of the meeting convened next day, the 
13th, by Mr. Consul Larking to receive in a proper and business like way the a t tes 
representatives and prompted inquirers of the British residents at elexandria, on 
the topics that all felt to be vitally important. I will add, that I never witnessed 
more equanimity, or heard fewer words weeted, than at this (second)meeting, in which 
(the first surprise being past) a number of men of Business met to demaer3 the dull 
information and efficient protection in the foreicn land at the hands of the repre-
sentatives of their own executive government. 
-2- 
September 7, 104.0 
Page 4, Column 4. 
17e have received be exixest-3,1etters from our correspoedezte 
Constantinople, enrerna, ..,lexandria and Malta . * 0 
of Rife.t Beet 
••••••11.11.0 
i1s7ligienets promises to grant to leee.aret ell, and to be possessed 
by him and his descendants, in direst line, the administration of the eashailc 
of Egypt, and lieImese, moreover, promises to grant to Mehemet 11 dueleg 
his liee-tiree, with the title of ..as of -ere, and the ccermend fee the fortress of 
t. Jean d'Acre, the tedninistr.tion of the ttern part of Syria, the extent of 
thich is to be limited b;;.• the following boundary line:- 
"Thi s line, leaviee cape etas-el-eakhore., on the :e.editerranean Coado 
will extend directl • thence to the mouth of the River ecillan, the northern ex 
tit of La -e Tiberiax, will run along the etneterneank of the Dead Sea, con- 
tinue thence in a straight line„ to the Red Sea, ending at the northern point 
of the Gulf of Aktaba, and follvoine thence the western coast of tee Gulf of 
elaba and the eastern bank of the gulf of Suez as far as Suez. 
However , the Sultan is, making these offers, requires that Mehemet 
shall accept them in the space of ten daes after receiving corfrunication 
thereof at Aleeendria through an agent of 'tie Highness, and that Mehemet All shall 
at the same tine deposit in the hands of this agent the necessary instructions for 
the co 'niers of his land and. sea forces, to return ineddiately frm erabietemd 
fro all tee to1y cities therein situated., from the island of Cadia, the district 
of Adana, and from ell the other parts of the empire not Inc luded in the limits 
of -lerpt and of the eashalic of ezre as above defined." 
000, 0. 
 G. OR 
September 7, 1840 
page 3, column 2,3. 
Pasha's cause ,ArliatiroPeilrnehir iSht5ef khRissloseDiats advoeacY f tbe 
, anti tne erotece- 
or of the vase region over which he meet; s5lely with the view of bestowing on 
Note 
it all the benefits of civilisation and independence. These Journals ocripare his 
cause with that of Greece, and on that ground they claim for him the sympathies 
of all the liberals, reformers, and the revolutionary spirits. But this view is 
completely erroneous and speedily disappeans in the press re of facts. In all 
that he has hitherto done, Mehemet Ali le s had no other object than t)r cratifi-
cation of his own ambition. The people have never had any interest in his suc-
cess; he subjects them to every sacrifice in purstzit of his personal designs. 
The people are therefore na with him, and there is indeed cinly the cry of maledic-
tion against nis frightful tyranny free the depopulated kingdoms of Lordefan and 
Eennar and Mount Taurus. es to the parallel which some seek to draw between his 
revolt and tee Creek insureettion, it can by no means be drawn, for :lever was 
there less analogy between two poIntical events. In eeeece the nation rose in a 
mass, flew spontaneously to aims, and the peorle cnnosiN: for themselves leaders, 
reeintaired a sanguniary contest Sr
e ten years. In 17 •pt, it is the :easha lone 
who, in furtherance of his plans and ambitions, has forced the people ty the most 
cruel tyranei to support a war which they do not understand, and in which they 
have no interest, Let Mehemet Ali re plaoe his sword in the scabbard and. it ei II 
irenedlate3y be seen that the people of Egy and L;yria have no inclination to-
combat for the purpose of withdrawing themselves frcre the Eultanis authorit... 
"I have abstained, as will be eerceived, from touching on the politi-
cal question, and. have confined myself to an impartial appreciateion of the actual 
position of 1.:7eh.emet All; for at the moment of crises no mass of enlightening pu.b-
lie opinion thould be neglected. However, I cannot close this article without 
frankly saying what I think of the conduct which Mehemet Ali will observe. In 
my opinion he nnors his position too well end is too prudent to stake his nh 
upon the present game. He will be on his guard against any rash movement of his 
son, and will be far from eneouraning him to march upon Constantinople, especially 
when the blockade shall have cut off all communicat ion between his army in Syria 
and Alexandria; for the army constantly requires reinforcements and succors, and 
Ibrahim always needs the coetneels of his father. Ibrahim, then, will be directed 
to fortify himself in Syria, and await the chances Of events. I do no say that 
Mehemet will submit willingly to the ultimatum of the allies. Tie vzi 11 probably 
protest against it; but when convinced by an energetic administration that he 
has no longer mere talk and empty threats to deal with — when he sees thLt the 
allied cabinets have resolved in a final settlement -- when he finds himself 
militarily separated fri Syria, where he will heave to dread insurrections, as 
he will also have to fear hostile movements on te frontier of tipper Egppt, 
and the revolt of the sailors of the Turkish fleet -- he will then become more 
tractable and will be gleee to seek throu the mediation of ?ranee, etene pre-
teet 'which may afford him an excuse for yielding, and serve as a cover to his 
morti fled self-esteem. 
er:Inciria , "hursdayeeug. Z, 184Q 
The Pasha is still "inflexible," and. even" s anething more." On 
Monday he gave audience to 7efat Bey officially, and received the ultimatum of 
the four powers with his usual sang freid, declaring that he had no other aneerr 
that that he had already given, and tiEt if the envoy pleased he would give it to 
him in writing at moment. This was of course declined, as the "ten days of grave" 
had yet to run the 1r eventful race. In the evening the Pasha rode to Simor 
Sibassits garden suers he was soon joined b:; the consuls of the four -Powers, with 
wham he held a very free and decided tone. They at the outset endeavored, to im-
press him with the serious consequences that would in all probability remit frem 
his placing himself in a host ile position against the great :Powers of Europe, and 
urged him to consider not only the risk, the expense, and the destructiveness aid 
horrors attendant on the codest, but the folly of entering into such a war. 
"Gentlemen," said 1:ehemet Ali,"I ?mow I am a poor feeble old man, surrounded by 
powerful enemies and boast of few resources. I am not therefore such a fb ol as 
to dream of majdng war upon them. It is for you to reflect upon the dangers and 
horrors of warfare, reet content with what God has given me, 
and seek for no more. But as providence has protected me hitherto amidst every 
dater. I shall not tremble MOW, for my trust in God end tee goodnese of nee cause 
is az great as ever.s' e's no impreseion whatever could be nude upon him, the 
Consuls retired; and thus Londay eassed. 
The :set morning a courier arrived at en.° teem with dispatches 
from i_eyrout, bringl re intelligence that tee English squadron 6,000 
Jbanians, 10,000 English musketry eed artillery, etc., on board, were arrived 
on the coast of E,yria, and about to larL these fornideble supplies to rekindle 
the insurrection. The effect of this news has been to aggravate *he evabitted 
the quarrel beyond all possiblity of amicable settlement. The 2asha is "wroth to 
a degree." This remenstrances t 'eifet Bey and the four Consuls are enereetic 
ev-n to rudeness, end he characterizes in terms un pen forte the singular style 
441,110.. ••••••••••••••• 
of diplomacy which sends an ambassador with proposals and. an allefeance of ten deists 
to ecresider than, having two days previously sent off men and erste-la's to recom-
mence the war. Rifet ...ey seems t) thihk it a capital hit, and tells the aisha, 
"That's the way the: do things in Europei" The Pasha replies, 'There is no MIL in 
Eurve who weeld do such a barefaced trick, but Lord Posonbyl" 
Eeptemer 11, 1840. 
J:ege 5, Column 2. 
On the morning of the 25th . . On being waited on by Count Idedem, 
who paid his visit unaccompanied by any person, he said:L 
"1 recognize the superiority and the greatness of the powers. I 
would have yielded to we of .theee singly, but I will not to the four united to-
gether. There is alwa:s a becoming way of doing thinge. But before I arrived 
in elexandria the Consuls were endeevoring to excite alane in the kingdom. They 
wanted to make the soldiers revolt. Theyehave broueit a fleet here in great haste, 
not laming what my answer wild be. Finally, they wished to annihilate, to ex-
tinguish me, but Mehemet eli is not in a humor to be extireeeished, even fer the 
gratifi cat ion of the worth( Consuls. They latel y said that they intended to go 
sway; nor it seems they shall renal n here." 
Such arT the sentiments of Maim/let Ali. Those who wish to deal with 
him as if he were a mere ccetmonplace man, have no right idea of his character, 
unfortuaately much blood "Will be shed. 
On the morning of the 26th, the Austrian, 'Russian, Fre. ish, 
Prussian Consuls again presented themselves to Ye'nenet :di . . . The interval of 
ten days havine elafGed. since Rifet iey had announced to him the treaty signed in 
London on the 15th of July . . . rte said, "1 'mow why you are come herq, gentlemen, 
but I have already told you my mind on this business, mid I he no other avower to 
give." 
On t be English Consul rishirt, to erwege *him in conversation, he sf,id., 
"I bet you will not speak to me apy more on the subject." le then bade then 
adieu, 'fishing each a good vOyace• 
THE SIXTH TRUMPET. 
ith particular reference to the hour, dad, month, arid year. 
It is natural for us to to interestea in the r.11n who is willing to 
risk something. The account of ,:osiah. _Utah, in fixing the time for the downfall 
of the Tur'Kish Indeneneence as teted in Greet Controversy, page 334, has alerays 
been of great interest to me in the study of the develorment of Advent hiitore 
It was my good fortune several years ago , to pick up a cooe of his work entitled, 
"The erobability of the Second Coming of Christ," about 1843," peblished in l'oston 
in 1835. On page 157 of that work occurs the following statment: 
"hen will this power be overthrown? .ccording to the calculet ions 
elre..cly rade, that the I'M, months ended 1449, the hour, fifteen days; the day, ore 
year; the month thirty years; and the year, three hundred and sixty yearc; in all 
three hundred ad ninety one years and fifteen days, will end in e. L. 1349, soe.e-
tiee in the month of august. The orophece is the most remarkable and definite , 
(even descending to the days) of any in the Eible, relating' to these great events. 
It is singular as the record of the time whee the empire rose, The facts are now 
before the reader, and he must take what disposition of them ere thinks best. The 
sixth woe yet continues, and will till the great river Euphrates is dried up,and 
the seveath trumpet sounds." 
The subject has always been an interest ing one w it h me, and as I have 
presented the matter to rev classes, and have placed in their hands tie little book 
published. two :ears before the events transpired. ebout two years aieo when I first 
ben my work in rashington, I went down to the Congressional Library in order to 
verify the statements which we make in vane of *our books in regard to august 11,1840. 
My intention was to refer my closes to the file of the "%Ines" in order 
that t ley might see the certainty of these matters for themselves. To my surprise I 
did rot find, the matter as I had anticloated. Instead I found the faillowing state- 
TRU14.2ET -2- 
1-. :: ment le the "Times ' of September 4, page 4, col. 6, "That 'Wet Fey reached Alexandria 
t. 
August 11, 140, I also found in the same issue of September 7, page 3, col. 2,3, 
that 14eheriet eli was absent from the city and did not return till the 15th a August 
and the docurentr were placed in his handl on the 16th. To ma'-e sure that this was 
correct I read in the issue of September 11, page 5, column 2, the foilowinc In re-
gard to the policy of L'ehereet ell: 
"On the morning of the 25th, IL Larking arel r:olonel Hodges iaited on 
the viceroy that they miett advise him to yield as the ?eriod of ten days we m about 
passed and the treaty was about to expire, but they toad(' the viceroy fixed la his 
resolution to resist. To one of then he said "I recognize the greatness and the 
superiority of the powers. I would have yielded to one of the: single, but I will 
not to the four united. "'here is alwa;c a becoteing way of doing things." 
On the 26th, the consuls called again, the ten da having elapsed. 
In connection with my furt ier sty of the matter, my attention ems 
called t the feet that Gibbon gave July 27, 1299, according to the Julian calendar, 
oommonle called the old style, whereas calculations for August 11, were based on the 
Gregorian calendar or the new style, bringing in the difference of eleven day'. This 
did net simpljsfy matters. In my further study of the question I came across the fol-
towing statement of the German Met orian, Von Harmer. 
"Who wee ld believe, even that Gibbon himself the only historian of the 
first peri)d of the Ottoman ennarchy, who joins extensive knowledge of the source 
and lofty criticisn to sublime style and wonderful correctness of judgment, that 
Gibbon had committed some inexcesable mistakes which he eould have avoided by con-
sulting even saperficially, the ,yseetenes in the course of this historz and par-
ticularly in earlier books. It seems to me more than once necessary to correct the 
.phylologioal, chronological, and geographical errors of the European writers, my 
predecessors, in order not to appear to sanction them by my silence." 
SIXTH TRUMPET 
He (Osman) defeated for the first time near Koyounhissar in the vic:eity 
of _acmedia, T'uzzlo, the T/etaeriarque or coem&tder of the ruarde of the emporer or 
Byzantium, and the defeat 701-1301 rae all the more disastrous to the Greees that 
it left the field open for the incursions of Osman at the harvest time (Jul' 27)." 
rote found at the end of the volume. 
Gibbon says that the battle took place in the year 1299 but without 
holding any ,luthority according to chronological tables of godji-Dialfa and ether 
Ottoman sources. It shoule be in 1301 according to chronolory of .)ac -meres, pub- 
lished ?assinus, it should be 1302; the translation, which b; 
way, is per- 
fected and arreeE with the reckoning of Hodji-nalfa, for the year 701 of tee 
e'ire closes only in the month of Augest 1301. 
Vol. II, ?age 329. 
e (7$yruntzes) rrote a history of the facts which he had been an 
eye-Titness; the accounts of this author on the affiirs of Greece are oerfectly 
accurate "e must be our principle guide in the brief exposition of tike eer- 
tioe of our history. 
Note 13, pae 502. 
In 1449 he vac sent for the fifth time to the court of :'ourad. 
Ls to Von Items 
 authority as historian of this .
.)eriod, I read, toe 
followlik; statement fro pare 6 of the preface to the history of the Ottamar r*ark, 
by Sir Edward Creasey: 
"Von 7amneris history of the Ottoman Empire will always be the etaneard 
European took on this sutject. That history war the revult of the labors of thirty 
years, during which Von Hammer explored in addition to4the authorities which his 
predecessors had made use of, the numerous works of the Turkish and other Oriental 
writers of the Ottoman history, and the other rich sources ef intelligence which are 
to be found in the archives of Venice, A.:trio, anu other states that have been in- 
SIX TRUMPET -4- 
volved in relations of hostility or amity with the Sublime Porte. Von Earner's long 
residence in the -19,st and his familiarity with the institutions, habits, as well as 
with the literature of the Turks, give an additional attractiveness and value to his 
volumes. is lc-amine ie as accurate as it is varied: his honesty and cond.= are 
unquestione, and his history is certainly one of the productions of the first half 
Of our century." 
It is not to be woncierce at if we find bbon is not entirely accurate 
in every point of Me presentation of my theme. He had outlined ?or hihself that 
he would write the history covering the four great periods of the Roman Empire, the 
barbarian invasions and the development ef their kingdoms" The Eastern Dnpire and 
the Yohammecian both in :aracen and Turkish develtment. Virile he may have had super-
ior knowledge for his task, we do not believe tint he Was D1ireiy Inepirsd in the 
star, and it is certain that he other writer since Ms time has undertaken to write 
on so ex-_ensive a period. 
Von Haffner had access to certain documents int available to Gibbon, aid 
in addition, Gibbon's peesentatiou of the subject. I will say in the language of 
Keith, found in the SIG.- OF TE TILTS, Volume 1, page 354 
"1,-,e have no quarrel with Birpn, he flags in testimony to the trath of 
prophecy, only where he fails in position. I do not think it wise for us to ignore 
the testimony of such an authority, whatever weight he ray be willing to give it, we 
must say that his statements of t le case ea not be ignored b. the chreful student of 
history. 
Gonnectirkt, as our custom is, the 150 years of Revelation 9:5,10 wIth 
the period of Verse 15, it appears to me that we are not only involving the qtEsti-)n 
of historical accuracy, but thht of prepared exereisie of the task. 
As Brother '.-a1enan clearly preeentee yesterdev, there is no epod reason 
for connecting that time period with the incoming of the Turks, when very clearly 
there was a 150 years period of war and desolation under the early Caliphs, ternimtintc.; 
in the founding of Eacdad in 762. As to the kingly potere of :._7oharrned and. his succes- 
SIXTH TRUMPET 
sore, the Sallephs, I quote from Bir Tilliam Hair, Aenals of the Early Caliphs, p.7. 
nth *ohamined ceased the theocratic parer which as a prophet he bud exer-
cised, but the kingly function of all Islam descended to his successors. On the 
close of that period of the sane work, cage 450. Mu with the rise of the elbasides 
the unities; of the Caliphate came to an end, never after either in theory or in fact 
was there a eucceesor to the ereohet acknowledced as such over all Isiah. 
The name of Caliph, however it might survive in the ,ebbiside lineage or 
be assumed by less legitimate purposes, had now altoceleler lost its virtues and its 
sivnificance, Eadad, answering to its proud name of Dar al Salem, became for a 
time tie capital of the world and the center ef luxury an emperium of comeerce 
and seat of learning." 
The supremacy of tee Turks over the eastern empire resulting in the 
killing of it politically, wac established, according to Gibbon's, Chapter e7, 
paragraph 13, in the year 1449: 
"The funeral of the ]ate emporer was accelerated with singular and even 
auspicious haste: the claim of Demetrlue to the vacent throne was justified by a 
trite ad flimsy sophism, that he was born in the rpole, the el,(st eau of the 
father's reign. But this empress-mother the senate and the soldiers, the clergy 
and the people were unanimous in the cause of the lawful successor; end' the despot 
Thomas, Who, ignorant of the change, accidentally returned to t capital, asserted 
with becoming zeal the interest of the absent brother. An ambassador, the historian 
?hrenze, was irmeCiately despatched to the court of Adrianople. Amorath received 
him in honor and dismissed hie with Fifes; but the Gracious approlation of tee 
Turkish Sultan announced his supremacy end the approachite aewnfall of the Eastern 
Empire. By the hands of two illustrious deputies, the imperial crown was placed 
at Sparta on the head of Constantine. In the spring he sailed fron orea, escaped 
the, encausSer of a Turkish squadron, enjoyed the acclamations of his subjects, 
SIXTY. MUMPET -6- 
celebrated. the festival of the new reigh, and exhausted be his donat ives, the 
[ 
treasure, or rather the indigence of the state." 
Calculating the time on the scale fer symbolic prophecy, the year 
is 360 years, and the month thirte years, and the day one year, gives us 391 
years. This added t the date 1,r49, brings us down into the year 1840. During 
that year the arrangenents begin. In 1839 b: the Convention of July 27 and was 
brought to the t rmination July 15. 
The object of that conference is cle&rly stated in the Preamble to the 
treaty, found in "tertslels.Map of Europe, page 1009. 
IN TIE LAMP OF 7ie MOST MERG/FUI GOD. 
His Highness, the Sultan having addressed himself to their Majesties 
the Queen of tee teeited -ingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the emperor of 
Austria, 'lug of lungary a-d Bohemia, the ;:ing of Prussia, and the emperor of Ail 
the eassias, to as their support and assistance in the difficulties in which he 
finds himself placed by reason of tee hostile proceeding:, of Mehemet Ji, Pasha of 
Egypt, - difficulties which threaten with danger the Integrity of the Ottoman 
.ettpire, and the Independence of the Sultan's ""hrons, Their said Yajestiee, moved 
by the sincere friendship which sa'sists between them and the fealtan; animate e by 
the desire of maintaining the Integrity and Independence of the Ottosan pire as a 
security for the Peace of Europe; faithful to the engagement which they contracted 
by the Collective ote presented to the torte by their respective Government repre-
sentetives at Constentinopee, on the 27t of July, 1839; -- and desirous, moreover, 
to prevent the effusion of blood which would be occasioned le a continuance of the 
hostilities which have recently broken out in Syria between the authorities of the 
Pasha of Egypi avid the subjects of the Sultan; their said Jajestie: and is gightiess 
the Sultan have resolved, for the aforesaid purposes, to conclude together a Couven- 
tion and they have therefore bamed as their elenipotentiaries, that is to say 
SIXTH TRUMPET -7- 
**(Translation). The undersigned have this morning received instruc- 
tions from their respective Governments, in virtue of thiCh they have the h:nor 
to inform the Sublime 2orte that the five great Pewees have come to an understand- 
ing on the Eastern. ,euestion, and. to prevail upon her to suspend all definite #eter- 
mination without their cooperation. 
Constantinople, 27th July 1839. 
Baron de Eturmer 
Boneonby. 
A. BouteneM 
Baron Roussin 
Comte de .oenigalnrch* 
Then the Sultan allowed his ambassadors to sign that document in his 
behalf, he clearly, by that act eined away the Turkish independence, and fray the 
signing of that document till the present time that eawer has been maintained sole-
ly by the foreerance of the greet nations in order to preserve a balar4e of the 
powers. 
In regard to the short period, and Whether that should be a longer time, 
there is sane difference of opindetn. The expression means seasons as well as hour, 
and as we find in John 5:35, where it is stated of John the Baptist that:"Tie was a 
burnir€ and shining light; and ye were willing for a season to rejoice in his light." 
In this development of the subet it aft 
 to me that we have the sup- 
remacy decline and loss of independence tee Tureish nation as a landmark in pro- 
phecy. Indicating to us clerkly the greet fact that the sixth trumpet closes in. the 
year 1840. 
In presenting these few observations I have sought to present the ratter 
SIXTFI TRUMPET -8- 
as developed in /1W study of the s'ubject. I submit them to you for your consideration. 
I do not say that the last word }vas been said on the question, arc any further light 
you have to prevent on this SUbject will be :1-134,itly :appreciated. 
cerotst 
Jornis 
 
Wt it 
uwv.t_TstrY 
1 
Ttee Sel.ereer, Lmpire and treasty began in 1301, possibly in 130e, instead 
of In the suer of 1293, Here Is a statement of Keith, in the SIGNS OF T'E TILJE 
of 1332, pp 313-4, as follows: 
"Of the loosing of the four Fultanies, Giff.ton speaks as freely as of 
the first 'mestere of the Tur Ash Sultan in his h office over the reoslem world. 
The dates as well as the facts are striking. It Nis.e not solely the 
decline of the -oguls that cave free scope to the Oteeneele. In the year 1291, 
acre v'as etortied and tal.en by the 1.7antelukes. •_.rd the crusaders lost their last 
Inch cromd in Paleetine. "... mournful and solitary ilence prevailed alone. the 
coast whech had so long resounded witn the world's debate. The cleati of (ezee, which 
removed the salutary control that checked the depredations of the Turks, took place 
on the 21st of Lay, 1301, and from that t lee" the decline of the eloeuls l!ave tree 
scope to the rise and erof•-rese of the eeth an empire. olc) it was on the 27th of 
Jule 1:1 the year 101 (erroneeuely stated by Gibbon 129'1;)" of the Christian era 
tha Otleeeen first invaded tile territory Of :Ticoreedia.' 
Con pages 2 and 3 of 2arenson,s peeper, you will se what he says about 
this oe rt I CU ler date.) 
And now as to the beginnine of the Othoman. !empire, I know you are ell 
ecquiinted, int to make the year 1299, the more prominent, I must go back to the 
time when Ertoehrul, Othman fat her first entered enatoha. 
The Beginnine of the OthomanTelnpire. 
Near :;:ay-Jubad, the 2eljuk sultan of Iconium was one day hard pressed by 
a !eoner)1 areve, when suddenly i,rtoghrul, with his men appeared and won the day 
for the Sultan. 1:rtoghrua, 
J. at that time was a stranger in that country, without a 
nome, and as a reward for his valor, the Sultan geve to him the castle Tilskiechehr 
for residence. rtoghrul Vial, a herdsman aril his flodks his chief source of support. 
In Mb, Orkhan t 't son of Othoman was 'torn and Ertoghrul died the sane 
year, leaving Orthman head of tie clan and lord of F.skischehr, to which the sllajk 
sultan added in 1239 --erajarhisar, 
2 
Lane Pool says when writing about this period, "There had been a time 
when tee clansmen were content to feed their flocks on the hillside,to gather their 
honey, and weave their carpets, and lead the simple ures.mlitious life of the shep-
herd: but soon they left these familiar paths for new an daring.: ascents. One by 
one they reduced the smaller chieftains of tee nrovicne t obedience: One after 
the other they captured the outlying forte of the Creek Empire, till their eower 
extended to Jenishehr, an they were thus almost within sight of :tru.. dnd ::icala, 
The two chief cities of the Greeks in esia. The acquisition of so important a sit-
tuition as Yenishehr was the result of craft outwitting craft. e wedding at Ellejik 
in 1299 was selected as a rendezvous for a number of Othmanst rivals eta plotted to 
caotirre him anu put an end to his power. Lane Pool "Turkey" p. 15. 
Up to the very time of this vieddinc, utiles n drove his herds In suer 
into the mountains. But before doing so, it was hie custom to bring his valuables 
in security in the Castle of Bilejik (or Belakorea in the German). There war, an 
understanding between the owner of the Castle Eilejik and Othman thet women must 
brie and store those t:oods. And according to their old custom this was .one on 
that eventful day of the weddinr. Othman warned of conspiracy by oese 1cbal, the 
father of the bride-to-be, was a true friend of Othman. Othman arranged ane planned 
with forty of his best and most daring men to dress and act as wen, bring the 
goods to and store t lem in the castle Bilejik where the wedding was to be, and at 
a given sign when given, strike and kill and capture 0th:slants erredes. Then they 
brought their goods they brought their weapons also. They carried their plats to 
success and th t er2,- day Othman took possession of the following three castles: 
Le 1 i ik , where the weeding was to be; the Castle tearhiszar, and the Castle eineFal. 
This event marks the beginnini• of the othoman Empire. This was in the suraleer of 
the 'ear 1299. 
Othman pretended, and made his rivals believe, before the wedding, that 
it was his plan that erste this wedding feast he would go 'with his herds into the 
mountains to spend the eunener. Of this came event, von Plerener-Airgstall says in 
vol. 1, p. 74. 
This author has four large velenes on the Othoman Finpire. 
3 
Es fiel in seine Hande zu selber elt, ls sich Torghudalp des echlosses 
A.ref;e1 bemLditiete, arch die glelehzeitige Erobering dieser Schlosser im let7ten 
Yahre des siebenten yahrhunderte der tteidec'eret, und ees l3ten der ChritIichen 
Zeitrechnung, wurde die macht Osmane ale Ierrsbher eret feet ceerUndet, und da 
das Teich der Celdschuckee inrulener zerfiel rchweibt sich von dies 
Yahre die unalhangipe qerrtehaft der ?amilie Osmans her. 
Translation of the Above. 
At the tine when Othmen took possession of the Castle eelikoma (ielijik) 
and Jarhissar Torghudalp took posseesien of the Castle eineral, the capture of these 
three castles in the last year of the seventh century of tte qedgira, and the last 
year of the 13th century of the Christian era,established the poeer a 
reign or 
Othman firma-. The same year the rein of the !:eljukes came to me end. And the 
independent reign of the family of Othma vas estalbished in tIniS year, and is 
counted from this year. 
The same author, Volume 1, page 75. 
"So Llein bean dasse111 mit dem vorletzlen Yahredes dreizetmten 
Yahrhunderte der Christlichen Zeitrechnung." 
Translation. 
1-.) small was the beginning of the Othoman thpire in the lest year 
of the 13th century of the Cnristian era. 
Redenbachers e,eitgesce chte, pe 447. 
 
Osman breitete seine Ierrschaft vett uber die noch greechischen 
Pesitzungen in Asian aus und narrate sich 1299 Uultan. 
'nranslation. 
Otte:Ian extended his reign and dominion far out over Greek territory 
in esia, and called himself %ltan in the year 129c:e. 
Zinkeisen has 8 large volumes exclusively on the Othoman Smpire. He 
is an acknowledged authorit;, from volume 1, page 75, 1 copied the following: 
4 
Auf diese faste Osman, im Jahre 1209 tmserer Z,eitrechrung oder 
699 der Hedschra, vans ersten male jenseit der Tumanidsch festen Pasz. Seitdem, 
Scheintee, Vate, ilm A.emand mehr die selbsttkndige Herrschaft in dem Celiete 
Streiti' za nachen. 7e1ches er ale Vassli des Sultans der seldechuken so treu 
bewahrt und derch Seine eigenon Wnffen so sehr erweitert hatte. De;z bald nach der 
Zeit ,o er die drei genannten Schlosser er obert hatte, fandanch der letzte 
Suiten derr6eldschuken Alaeddin III unter den Truneern seines vaterlichen 2eiches den 
Untergang. Oman kamte daher kein Bedenken mebr tragen sich senen liebenbUhlern 
gegenuter. So reit seine waffen reichten, Zum imabhiingigem Herrn zu erk1Lren, and 
lit der 1,urde eines Sultans zugleich die nssern Zeichen der Herrschergeralt 
anzunehmen." Zinskeisen, Osmanisches aeich. Volume 1, page 75. 
Translation of the above. 
After relating the story of the wedding and the subduing of those three 
castles connected with the story of the wedding Zinkeisen proceeds as follows: 
"After this fashion Othnan in the year 1299 of the Christian era, or 
699 of the Iedeira era established himself for the first time firm on the other vide 
of Tumanidsch. Since that time no one dare to question his independent reign in 
that territory anc longer. Otbman from henceforward no lonccr hesitated to make 
Ale rivals understand that as far as his power of arms ould reach, he was determined 
to declare himself an independent ruler with the dignity and power of a Sultan." 
Another paragraph on the same page. 
'Fur jetzt balten wir es als historische thatsnche fest, dasz das 
letete Yahr des siebenten Yahrhunderts der Hedschra, und eomit des deeizehnten 
unverer Zeitrechnuns. Echon aehr fruhzeitig von einheimischen Chronisten und 
qeschichtschrelbern als die. bedeutuncsvolle -epoche der Begrtindung des osmanishheu 
-eiches in Vorder Asian bezdiChnet wird. Jit ihr beginnt feu. imEere DarsteAung 
ein neuer grasser .ibedmitt. Della von jetzt angerinnt die r,eschichte des ommarischen 
Alches mit erhOheter Weltgeschichtlicher Ledeutung zugleich each eine feEtere 
historische Begrundung und ein Seltestandiges Gepage.' 
5 
Translation of the Above, 
For the present we acknowledge it as an historic fact, that the last 
I 
year of the 4-3th century of the ledgira, and the Iist year of the 13th century 
of ear era, were recognized very early by the native Turkish listorians and writers, 
as being the eventful eeich of the beginning of the Othomae 'Lmire in esia. Tith 
it beeine a new era of great imeortance. 
Vol. 1, pafees 7 and 79. This same writer saes further, - 
"Der Aufetrebende Oeiet Oemans muste sich jedoch in seinem kleiner 
Reiche naturlich nur zu bald beengt fahlen, Sein kuhner Sinn und die Verheissungeu 
Seiner Yugond trieben Din nach 'eesten Mn. Mein neben Jer erweiterung lag ihm 
vor ai1e die eefestigung Seiner neu beterundeten nerrschaft am *eerzen, und ehe er 
daher wieder zu don etaffen griff, sicherte or rich den Resits der von itrrn besetzten 
Lendechaften dadurch, das er die Letreuesten seiner cenossen in den Vorzuclichsten 
tadten und Ee:zen zu etatthaltern einsetzle. eo ubertrug er gleich im ereten Yahre 
seiner Selbstandieeen 'egierung, 1300 -. Ohr. eeinem :ehne Urchan die etetthaltercchaft 
von 'aradschahissar und machte ihn Somit zum verteidieer dor euegrenze ,eines Reiches: 
Eein eigener Eruder Gundesalp eriielt stadt und Cebeit von ekischehr eighudalp die 
Eurflecken Trone und Jandhissar. Hassanalp das Schloss Yarhissar, und Torghudalp 
das von ihm eroberte einegel. Liled:chik uberliesz er mit seinen Einkunften seiner 
Schwiegervater debali zum unterhalte seiner Schuler; ouch ries er dort Seiner eemahliu 
und Eeinem Yungern 'eruder elatleidin hire gewohnliche Eesidonz an. Nachdem er dies 
alles In Ordnung uebracht hatte. Verleeete er der Sitz des ',eiches von [aradechahissae 
nach fenischehr. elches er, gleichsam ale 'ierkampfer auf der nach ':esten fuhrenden 
eahn der Eroberung, sich seltst Sur 7e)eidenz ausersehen hatte. Es sollte fortan die 
leuptetadt seine ganzen 7eiches 
Translation of the above. 
The conquered territory a little kingdon in itself appeared at once too 
small to Othman's awakened ambitious spirit. The dreams aed pranises of bis youth 
drove him farther and farther westward. itat before undertaking on a larger scale new 
waitimftileicsnrairwilt 
6 
Send daring conques'.e, he knew he must first orgattze and firmly establish and hold 
the conquered territory alrea4 in his possession. To this end he divided the 
territory in the first year of his independent reign 1300 -. I., emong his best 
and truest relatives and frieads as follows: 
Fels sal Ural= he cave the Governorship of Faradschahissar, and made 
hi protect the south end and boundary of his 'empire. lis on brother, Gundesolp, 
he gave Eskischebr and all the territory belonging to it. Aighudalp he gave 
Jundhissar wad all belonging to it. Tlessanalp he gave Jarhiesar, and Torghudalp 
he gave the Castle kiledschik LITIllejik) with all it income he gave t:.to his 
father-1:elaw Edeball to support himsear and his students. This too, was to be 
the hone of his wife and his younger brother, illaeddin. -fter this all was well 
organized and divided he 'emoved the headquarters or capital of his kingdom from 
Karadschaissar to Jenischehr which was now to be the capital of his kingdom. 
_mother paragraph from page 81-83. 
"Die erste namhafte Eroberung deiser Art, weiche Osman nach seiner 
iaederlassung in Jenischehr Machte, war die des befestigten Fleckens 11,eprihissar, 
Von Jenischehr. Von 'oprthissar an e wandte sich Osnen dann segleich 
n5rdlich, durdhzog ohne wideratand die darnels aberdiee noch durch die aberFchwemmungen 
des Sangaris verheerte,1 begenden und e1angte bis in die :eihe von ricaa und -ikamedia 
elchen Mehre Ileinere noch von den Griechen besetzle burgen gletchran Zur Varhut 
dienten . . Welche etch alle ohne.wdederstand ergabin, wahrend Osman selbrt 
Seinen Streifzure 7eiter Nadr .eorden hin fortsttzte.' 
Translation of the above. 
The first important capture made after Othaftel moved to Jenischehr was 
the castle 7oprihissar south of Jenischehr, "Prom eeprihlssar, Othman's campaign 
was nartlaweee without much or any resistande, as far north as'XicAa and icomedia 
he went, These have several small castles oe. the outskirts for protection which 
all without restAance surrendered and allowed Othmanle march to go on Nether 
northward. 
7 
end on pace ej 
 of this sane euthor we find the following important 
paragraph: 
'Den ersten amstlichen 7iderstand fad er bei dem F;ereschlorse Eapheum, 
bald each Kujunhissar genannt, unweit Eikomedia, iem 27, Juni 1301 trat ihm hler 
ier Tiateriarch Luzalo nit einem schwachen Heere enjgegen, konnte aber 
eicbt viderstehn . . . • 
"en widerstard war um so weniger mehr zu derken well dae vehrloee 
leendvolk, noch mit der 1;rnte beschaftigt auf den ?eldera zerstreut war und nicht 
einmel 7ele hette sich zu Sammela . • • . Unterdessen durchstreiften Dements 
1:eerscharen das Land in ellen. Richtungen and bemachtigten sich, wo sic tichts anderes 
fanden, des frisch gemaheten Getreides, welches sie haufenweise ihren Pferden ale 
Futter Verwarfen.' 
Translation of t above. 
The first determined relistance tith which Othman met was by the moun-
tain castle Dapheum or eujunhissar near Nicomedia. it was on tee 27th of June, 1301, 
wOh the Empetial commander, uzalo, with a small and feeble army which could offer 
no resistance against the mighty forces of Othmen, tried, to resist 'him. 
And to offer effective resistance was the more difficult, because it was 
just at the time of the harvest, and the people were all busy and scattered in their 
fields to gather the harvest. 
ote - instead of the 27th of June, I am sure it ought to be tee 27th 
of Jul , 1301. It aeons to me to be a typical error. 
17,ere is what Von 7ammer - Purgstall saz,s on this eeint in vol. 10.79* 
"Bei Xojunhiszar (dam lapheum des Pachymeres) in der ,ache von 
etredian, Yam es zum ertten ''reffen zwischen Osman und :uzalo, dem "etariarden, 
d. i. dem Befehlschaber der bysantiniechen Leitwachen 1301 und die niederlage der 
:riecheri war so ve derblfcher ale dieseibe de, etreigereien Osman's freies Feld 
lieez, uni als die Zeit der Ernte." 
Translation of the above. 
By Kojunhissar (the liapheum of eackmeres) near eichmedia vas the first 
_7_ 
battle fought between Othman and Inzalo the 7etariarchen, that is to day, the 03M-
mander of the Eyzantine body gird 1301 ard the defeat of the Greeks was the more 
destructive, because they allowed Othman a free hand, and that it hid them just 
at the tine of the harvest. 
This now is the point to be settled, was the beaming. of the Othonan 
Delpire and dynasty in the summer of 1271 or was it July 27, 1301? 
I have thought It worth while to give you both the German and thp 
riglish, so that you can see for yourself on which date you ray settle. 
To my mind the above historic facts conclusively prove that t be-
ginning of the Othoman Empire and dynasty was in the summer of the year 1255. The 
month on which to settle we don't 'mow. If we knee; in etich month Uthman was 
accustomed to drive his herds to the mountains, we then erobably would now the 
month. I have looked for information on that point, but failed to find it. 
'hue all we know on this point is, it was in the Burner of 12'5, and 
All historic facts chow that th,- evrnt of 'Out wedding marks the beginning of the 
Othonan 
Has Gibbon made a mistake in stating July 27, 1295 instead of 1301? 
Gibbon points to Pachymer for reference. nachymeris is a large work, 
and a cor of it iE in the Congressional Library at 'ashington, D. C. It is written 
in Old !.treek and Old Latin, two columns on each sage. I copied from chapter 25 
on page 1:17, that portion givinc the date of tbs month of July 27, and is as follows; 
Pachymerie Caput v7V. 
Clades 7etaeriarche muzalorisprepe Nicomedians. 
14v4/6Sue-2iras it-kosti i4tiq1 irb 
Tro Toy
Wi 
no4s(A, 
IA Uric (a V ,rwivCM, a:fic, Avlic 0 ens Aeliqq,t4 
Aelsits -FoolwsVo(s kisis 0.(&143 PaA AO) 
AA,v (Stt, joitkifttiov 
roty A.Jyaf 
X 
C M Ensis siguidem Yulii die vicefina septime circa Barthel= (locus Mc prope 
inclytam eicomedien) Atman cum suis multorum millium numeram explantibus improviso 
apparens & sraito irreuns. 
Translat ion of the above. 
in the month of July on the 27th day at about Bapheum ;this place is 
near Icornedia .etmaa with his followers ariountilE to ma e thousarki is number, 
appeared unexpectedly and suddenly attacked. 
That I have copied is the vex beginniesg of the 25th chapter. I -aye 
looeed the whole chapter carefully over but have not been able to find the date of 
the ;year, probably in some previous chapter is the year given and I wish sem one 
well versed in the Old Greek and Latin would inveztieste it. An date in eacheeleris 
is in writing, nothing in 4rabic or Roman numbers. some of the print Is difficult 
to read. If the year could be found in Packmeris Is connection with the July date, 
ee would ;mow if Gibbon is right or wrong. Though'• I believe Gibbon made a ml stake 
because von limener-Teurgstall & nuke' seri are acimowledged to be greater authorities 
DTI the history of the Othomah Fapir e than Gibbon, and they both say the wedding 
was in the suer of 1299, and the battle of Bapheum in the stunmer of 151. 
:row as to the position of Elder Sorenson. In his raper as you va. 11 
see, he claims, or at least he tries to show that the ycer 1301 is the beginning 
of the Othoman ipire instead of 1299. !le also thinks it is a difficult matter 
to connect the ,:ive months or 150 year period of Revelation 95-14 th verse 15. 
And that the 150 years wrre fulfilled by the Saracens from the time of the rise of 
the fal$9 prophet, Mohamed, to the oending of the Caliphad at Bardad. Of course, 
it is et. historic fact that about 150 year: were well occupied by the Saracen:,in 
'extending their dominion et the expense of others. But when we remember tat :rem 
the rise of ilotianened to the rise of Otleaan lays a period of 667-117 years. Where than 
shall vie properleapply the 150 years at the beginning or at the end. of that long 
neriode It also breaks tee prophetic chain of -'evelation 1. But does not the 11th 
verse of that 9th chapter give the key to tie solution --When to begin the count? 
Does it not say that they had a king over them whose mune is Abaddon and 
tkpollyon? 
On this point, and about the name, Von Eammer-Tlargstall s:vs in • 
volume 17, pace 77. 
It 
Die 
amen I'ommen Von Iimnel, Sags der z:oran und deflhalb pruft 
moslin diesel-ben ale Bute oder lose Vorbedeutung sum mehr ale einem Gesichtspunkte, 
nicht nur aat dery Iistorishhen, Osman heissh nach der Bedeutung cler arabischen 
urzel der Beinbrecher. 
Translation of the above. 
Names come from heaven sAys the ':oran, aria therefore does IToslin test 
them to find out if the;) are good or bad harbingers for more than one reason. 
not only because from the historical, but also fmi the phylological side. The 
name Othman in the arable root meals bonebreaker. 
,,- is 71der Sorensen mistaken on the beginning of the Othoman rapire'r 
The raason is si oly this. There is a far as I 4now, no English 
work, except qibbon, that explains the Turkish history in detail. The most that 
Sorensen has on this point is from a ?rench work at theironressional Library, 
ashington, D, (%, and from ieith's SIG OF 7T . TIMEE of 1i32, which I have 
given above. And if I mirta?,e not, Erothk.,r Lacey, durini7 thattime of the Teachers' 
Institute translated from that ?rench word, which in turn is a translation of 
Von lanmer*Purgotall,s Work. And it se_ s he translated only that portiOn relating 
to the capture of Bapheum. _,.d that it was on ally 7, 1301. said it seems to me 
that he and -rother :'orensen concluded that that was all that was to it, overlooking 
e facts in the previous chapters when it is plainly stated that the beginning 
the Othomanmpire ad7ynasty wac in the summer of 1299. 
The battle of July 27? 001 by Lapheum is recorded by Von lamer-
Purgostall, and Zinketeen as an historic fact that Othman on that day 7et the 
Creeks in tttle on a larger scale. 
10 
Tiere is a point I cannot understand or harmonize. It is stated by Von 'Tamer- 
Purgostall, Zinkeisen and others that the year 1299, of the Christie-1 era, is siPaul- 
taneeus with the year 699 of the '1'edfAr era. 
The Redgira era began. Friday, July 6, 622, see Gibbon Vol. IV, p 3. 
Row can we harmonize it? b22 - 699 = 1321. If you have any light on this 
point, please inform me. 
Put now let us take up the 11th of Lmbutt, 1840 question. What about the 
real Pacts in this caae? In our D. & R. page 486, Elder Uriah Smith writes as if it 
were an established historic fact what he states, and it is as follows: 
"The Sultan despatched Rifat hey on a government steamer to Alexandria to 
conmunicate the Ultimatum to the pasha, It was put into his (the eashats hands) aad 
by him (pasha) tal‘ - in charge on the elvventn day of August, 1 4o." 
When Elder A. T. Jones was in his prime he wrote very emphatic.11y in The 
Great Nations of Today," rage 80-81, 6.4 ing, "The Ultimatum was lat into t hancli- 
of Meheme* dl on august 11, 
 
and in support of his statemamt, he seems to 
011 
 
quote from the London Morning Chronicle of September 18, 184D. 
'Sider Conradi in his work on the 9th ohapper of Tlevelation, seems to be more 
discreet in making atatements. 1e quotes from the Hamburger Correspondent of 
eptemter 8, 1840, swing nifat Bey- arrived at Alexandria on August 11, 1b40, with 
the ultimatum of the Porto, but is silent as to the deliveraace of it to the Pasha. 
There got Elder Smith his posiitive information from? I do not know. 
Where got Elder A. T. Jones his InformatiOn I do know. In correeponence 
with Prof. !:agan in 1909 over the Fastern Question. I asked him in one of my letters 
T. Jones had copied from the papers themselvev, of 1840. Those things which ire 
had given on the Augast 11th 1840 question, in "The Great nations of Today." 
The following is Asother Jones' answer to my question. 
Omaha, Lebraska, EN. 12, 1909. 
"‘iour letter reachea me here yesterday. Those quotations - Eonitellf Othonan, 
11 
and London Morning Chronicle, I got fran the original pamphlet on the 'E)even Trumpets' 
published by our people away back, and I think it was paaotically a reprint of the 
one used in the 1844 movement on that subject, aed that one of '44 was written .1 
think Josiah Litch at the time of the fulfillment of the prophecy in 1840: knd 
the qaotatene were taken etidently from the parers themselves, just as we could 
take a nays item from a pacer toeety. Por this reason 1 am sure that the quotation: 
never appeared in aey book of history nor in any other connection than that of the 
pamphlet on the seven trumpets as a reprint of the original one of 184o-44. 
only way to verify the items would be of course, reference to the ?58 theenselves 
in London, and when I wee there I did not do it. I wish that 1 hdet." 
(signed) . Jones. 
ell, am i_ad to say 
e need at go to London to verify those statements. 
to can do it in the roncressional Library in Tashington, D. C, whare I had the privi 
lege of doin so, and the following, I found, 
The "London Times" Friday, September 4, 
Private Correspondence, elexandria, eugust 16. 
The arrival of Bifat Fey and Lr. elison in the Bair-Thhir steamer from 
Constantino le on the 11th inst. with the Ultimatum of the four powers, produced a 
great sensation here. The ?asha was absent at Damietta (it is believed on Tar pose 
to be out of the way at the moment when all eyes would naturally be turned on hi, to 
read the fate of YAype in their expression) mid ilpvalation vas left to indulge itself 
at leisure: for all ,ther occupation amoncet the commercial portion of the inhatitante w 
WS virtually et an end." The London Times, Seetember 4, i8io, page 4. col. 6. 
"London Tines, Saturday, September 5, 1840. 
"elexandria, August 17, 1840. t wrote ,to you :yesterday by the Levant steamer 
a very ion letter, (this writing is from a French correspondent) in which I recanted 
the events now pasFing in our city. I acquainted you with the manner in which the 
Pasha received the alleged, envoy of the Porte. ifat Bey, who is in reality the envoy 
of the four powers, cealeeced a€aiust 11F. The viceroy replied that he would hasten to 
12 
forward to the sultan a letter in reply to the one he hai received from him, and then 
added that he was determined to reject all propositions of adjuetment because they 
were inspired by the interested hatred which Russia and England nurtured against him.” 
This communication wai made to :ehemet All in the fella-eine. manner: 
"7ie consuls representing Peleeland,ussia, eustrla, are serussia, attired in 
their richest oeetumes and preceded and t Ilowed by a numerous certe& waited on the 
Pasha to apprise him of the wishes of their respective courts. The latter, the, 
 said, 
enjoined them to demand the immediate submission of the leashes to the order of his 
sovereign the Sultan." The foiling is the substance of their speech: 
our Highness is allowed eleven days tie consider whethee it behooves you or 
sot to accept Egypt and the 2ashatic of St. Jean d Acre, the former as aohereditery 
)0ssession, and the la ter merely for life. If, after that period, you do not make 
euown your decision, eleven days more shall be allowed to you to return an answer re-
erecting Egypt, the Pashatic of cre being placed at the disposal of tie sublime 
eorte. Thus you will have to consider in the secoed period of eleven days, whether 
you wich or not to remain Pasha of Ege pt. If you come to no decision before the 
expiration of this delay, the powers parties to tne treaty will tasee such measeres 
as rill secure the full rights of the Sultan.- 
The London Times, Friday, beetember 4, 
 1b40, page 5, Column 1. 
"elexandria, Augast 15, 1940. He (Mehemet Ali) appears to have made up his 
mind which part he rill take, but seers to think it beneath his dignity to be in may 
decree of haste to announce it, and says smilingly to inquiring friends. 'Let us first 
see what their proposition is. te shall hear it all on Monday.' This afternoon, 
(Satarday, August 15, 1840) Rifat Bey was admitted to a corplimentary interview on 
obtaining irkle prat que after his brief purification, but the fornal declaration of 
the four great powers will not be delivered until tomorrow." Tomorrow would be 
Sunday, ugust 16, 1840. 
Phd London Times, Monday, September 7, 180. 
"Alexandria, eugest 16, 1840. , 7erkirde steamer has arrived in the City from 
13 
Constantinople with a Turkish officer, a member of the Council, and several 
attaches of the four allied powers, bringine the Ultimatum of the Porte and these 
powers . • • 
'lls qighness, the Pasha was absent, and returned here eesterdw morn in, whee 
he rae received under salutes from the fleet in the bay. (Yesterday morning is 
August 15th) Other communications state positively that a blockade is soon expected 
to take place. 
"On the manning of the 16th lust the Ultimatum vas communicated to the Pasha and 
80 days are given Mn to decide thereon." London Times, Mond', tApt.7, 1840,p.3,col.3. 
Now, what doel:. the London Chronicle say? Here it Is. 
The Morning Chronicle, London, Monday, September 7, 1640. 
'F,gypt, ele-oedria, August 17, 1840. et length, 'The ;eastern Question' seem 
to have'teached a crisis. On the morning of the 11th a steamer of the Sultan 
arrived here froe. Constantinople, having on board RI at Bey, on a special mission 
to present to the eaSha the ultimatum of the :orte, with the convention igned by 
the foer gewers. elthough the envoy was not out of tharantine, and of course his 
communication not made until eesterdae untilVeterday = euguet 16) 'iet the object 
of his miseien soon became very generally knowe here, nor would it be easy to give you 
an ides of the anxiety and excitement which ietcreated. • 
hen the envoy of the Sultan has presented the Ultimetum, he watts for ten 
days, thee is, to the 26th for the answer of the pasha. The consuls of the foir na—
tions communicatinc to the pasha the convention signed at London will urge upon )tin 
the acceptance of the proeesed terms. If rejected at the end. of ten days, the second 
peoposition will be made, and if that be rejected at the end of ten days, the four 
consuls will ptrike their flags and leave Alexandria.... 
14 
"It was late on the evening of the 14th when the Pasha returned freMan ex-
cursian he had been making up the Bile. 'ehen informed that a British ship had 
anchored off tee palace, he took immediate precautions, ordering the gunners to remain 
at the batteries, through the night. In the morning, a transport was despu.tched 
with ammunition for Syria. Indeed, everything indicates an intention on the Bart 
of the Pasha to meet force by force." 
The London Yornire,:; Chronicle from eeptember 17 to October 3, 1;i4 is 
missing. It) answer can be given at the Congressiomal Library why they are missing. 
Elder A. 7. Jones in the "Great Lotions of %day" page 00 tries to dhov7that 
the norning Chronicle of september 18, 1840 was the paper with the proof that the 
Ultimatum was delivered to the pasha on the 11th of eugast. But it seems as if al 
his proof for August 11, 1e40 is all his own amending. Does net the above proof 
it was August 16, 1840, when the Ultimatum was delivered to the .Pasha? 
A note showing how France separated herself from the other four great powers. 
, 
The London Morning Chronicle, Saturdle, Oct. 3, 1040. 
'The five pavers had by the collective note Which was presented to the Port 
on the 27t)4 of Jul, 1839, by their reprentativee at Constantinople, declared 
to the Sultan that their union vas assured, and they had. requested him to abstain from 
any direct negotiation -eith Mehemet eli and to make no aerangement wit,, the Pasha 
without the concurrence of the five powers, and ::et her Majesty's goverement have 
good reason to bdlieve that for many months past the French representative at 
Constantinople has with respect to the matters from the othee four parers, aed has 
earnestly and. repeatedly pressed the Porte to ne':otiate directly with liehemet eli, 
and to reeeze an arrangement with the. Pasha, not only without the concurrence of the 
other four pawers, but under the single mediation of France, aed according to the 
eeeeeee--,e , el; 49eeeeeeteee 
particular views of the FrenchNtherefore that has separated herself from the four 
powers and not the four powers that have separated themselves fron ?ranee. 
(Agned) Palmerston. 
Novas to the sum of the whole matter. 
15 
1. The suer of 1299was the beginning of the Othaman Empire and Dynasty. 
July 27th? 1301 was the Battle at Bapheum. 
3. • The connection in 14.49 is ver:" sim2le. 
4* 
 
July 27, 1639 is an important date as reoards Turkish Dependence to the powers 
Df 
urope. 
On August 5th, 1840, 73.ifat Bey and Hr. Alisce were seat tin the Government 
steamer Bair-Tahir from Constantinople to Alexandrie, Egypt to deliver the 
Ultimatum to :tehernet ;di. They arrived on 11, and were put in euarentine. 
r The Pasha was purposely absent, and returned late on ti-!-Ie 34th, which was Priday. 
-ifat Bey had an audience with the '?asha. on ug. 15, which was Saturday at which 
it was arranged that the next day, eugust 16, wl-lich was 'Sunday', Rift Bey, in 
company of tle representatives of the four great powers, Ent,land, Russia, .-..ustria, 
dod ..`'sruseia, the Ultimatum should be delivered to the -2cesta. 
The Ultimatuth was delivered on that very day of .J:uvast 16, 16:10, which was 
Tunaay. It was de1iverec on tqat day w4 no other, according to the -.Onion Times 
of September 7, 1640, and also the London :.orning Chronicle of September 7, 1840. 
Now what about the question, ac frar, old to new style? The solution is very 
impl e, a eid is as f AIMS : 
prophetic time - 150 years 
". 3 
30 
ft 
- 1 
- 13 days. 
541 yeare, 15 days/ 
These periods ended ,,-.ugust 16, 1840. New style - 10 days from old to new style 
August Gth, 1840, old style - 541 years - AugustGth, 1299, old style - 15 days 
NMI 
July 22, 1299, old style. 7:as the 22nd of JIM, 1299, the date of the wedding at the 
Castle Belakoma? 
If there are an:.; poitts which I have not made clear, inform me and I v411 
try to make it clear. 
5 months, 
1 year 
1 month 
1 day 
1 hour 
"In 1301, twelve years after Osman began to form his state, he 
fought his first battle, and came into direct contact with the Byzantine 
mnire. At Baphaeon, near ricomedia, the heterarch MUzalon, with 2000 men, 
attempted to check a raid the Osmanlis were making into the fertile Talley 
whose products contributed so greatly to the well-being of Nicomedia. It 
was midsummer, just before the gathering of the harvests. (#3) In a pitched 
battle,the unarmored horsemen of Osman charged so speedily and so impetuously 
that they broke through the heavy lines of their opponents, and the Greek 
commander's retreat was covered only by the opportune arrival of 444. Slavic 
mercenaries. The Osmanlis were too few in number to follow up this victory. 
It is hardly probable that they made any attack on ricomedia. But they laid 
waste all the districts into which they ventured to enter." 
(IT3) Pachymeres, IV. 21,, 2327, says the battle was fought July 27. 
Jorga, Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches, i. 157, is in error in placing 
date June 27; Hammer,1.190, and Jorga both give year 1301. MUralt, 
ahronograthie Byzantine, 11.40, has this battle under 1302. 
--The Foundation of the Ottoman Empire by Herbert Adams Gibbons, Ph.D. 
The Century Co., New York, 1916. (Dr. Gibbons was formerly professor of 
history at Eoberts College, Constantinople) p 34.