THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN AND HERALD OF 
lath 
A MAGAZINE FOR HEALTH, HOME AND HAPPINESS 
39th Year of Publication 
July 1948 
ommakiallim 
NATURE AND ALCOHOL 
NEW LIGHT ON MALARIA 
PARASITE 
NEW HOPE FOR DIABETICS 
GALL-STONES 
APPETITE IS 
CONTROLLABLE 
AGING GRACEFULLY 
OF RATS AND MEN 
NEWS 
RECIPES 
DOCTOR SAYS 
The Village Market 
EDITORIAL 
W.N.P.S. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
THE JEWISH NATION'S HOME 
T
HE Jews are a Semetic race, 
being originally descended from 
Isaac, the son of Abraham, a power-
ful and wealthy Chaldean prince 
who flourished nearly 4000 years 
ago and who had his palace at Ur. 
With his family establishment and 
all his servants he migrated to what 
is now known as Palestine, where 
the family prospered. Among Abra-
ham's descendants were some who 
were treacherous, jealous, and 
greedy, who, fearing that a young 
lad named Joseph, a great-grandson 
of Abraham, might supersede them 
in the government, sold him to some 
traders who carried him to Egypt 
and then sold him as a slave to an 
officer in the king's army who ap-
pointed him to duties in his private 
house. The boy, then sixteen or 
eighteen years of age, being depend-
able, honest, trustworthy, and able, 
rose rapidly in responsibility of 
position and office, and later, while 
still a young man, was made prime 
minister of the Egyptian govern-
ment. 
Meanwhile a terrible famine in 
Palestine threatened the extinction of 
the inhabitants, and Isaac's de-
scendants, then numbering about 
seventy persons, migrated to Egypt, 
where, under Joseph's able manage-
ment, food was to be had in abun-
dance. They were hospitably received 
by Pharaoh, and were given a piece 
of territory in the Nile Delta where 
they were kindly tolerated and lived 
as a separate people. The descend-
ants of these original Jews prospered 
for some time, but under succeeding 
Pharaohs they suffered economic and 
religious persecution sufficient to an-
nihilate a less hardy race. In spite 
of this they continued to increase in 
number so that at the end of about 
four centuries they numbered five or 
six million. About 1492 B.C. they 
staged a serious and powerful rebel-
lion against the government, and 
migrated en masse, thus constituting 
one of the great migrations of 
history. 
2 
Eventually they invaded the land 
now known as Palestine where they 
had to encounter fierce opposition 
by the various tribes dwelling there. 
But little by little this opposition 
was overcome and the original dwell-
ers driven out, so that by the second 
half of the 15th century B.C. they 
were 'in the process of establishing 
their national government, which 
continued more or less irregularly as 
a theocracy and later as a kingdom 
for some centuries. But invasions by 
enemies, rebellions, war and turmoil 
characterized the government for the 
greater part of the period, until 
finally the Babylonian invasion un-
der King Nebuchadnezzar almost 
brought it to an end about the he- 
Mr. Ben 
Gurion 
Pro-
claiming 
the 
New 
State 
of 
Israel. 
ginning of the sixth century B.C. 
Jerusalem was almost destroyed, the 
army decimated, the treasury looted. 
the government staff arrested and 
made captive, the glorious temple 
burned, the walls of the city broken 
down, and so many of the people 
carried away captive that only a poor 
remnant was left, over whom the 
Babylonian king placed a ruler of 
his own choice. From that time Pales-
tine, especially represented by Jeru-
salem, has had a most chequered his-
tory. After fifty years of desolation 
following the destruction by Nebu-
chadnezzar, Cyrus, the Persian king, 
caused the city to be rebuilt. He 
restored some governmental order, 
but retained the land as a part of 
the Persian Empire. Subsequently 
Palestine became a part of the 
Grecian Empire under Alexander un-
til Rome occupied the seat of world 
power. Under Roman rule Palestine 
prospered economically. Jerusalem 
became a magnificent world metrop-
olis and the Jews enjoyed a degree 
of toleration and again worshipped 
in their temple. But they were a re-
bellious race, living in peace neither 
with themselves nor their conquerors, 
in consequence of which they drew 
upon themselves repeated punish-
ments by the Roman armies, and in 
A.D. 70 the city was again attacked 
by the forces of Titus and the mar-
vellous temple destroyed after which 
it was never rebuilt. In A.D. 135 
another chastisement was adminis-
tered by the Roman Hadrian, and 
the city levelled to the ground, after 
which the Jews never had a govern-
ment of their own. 
In A. D. 637 the city passed into 
the possession of the Mohammedans 
who held it, with the exception of a 
couple of comparatively short inter-
vals, until its capture by the British 
general, Allenby, in 1917. Since 
then the Jews have enjoyed a free-
dom in Palestine as a part of the 
British Empire, which they had not 
• had for eighteen centuries, and it 
has been the hope of fifteen million 
Jews in the world to return as pos-
sessors of their national home. Are 
they now about to be re-established 
there? We do not believe that there 
is anything in current events to in-
dicate that a Jewish nation would 
now fare better among the world 
nations than in the past. 
The surprising alacrity with which 
the United States gave recognition to 
the "State of Israel" which even at 
the time of this writing is but a 
name, is not without significant 
meaning. Nor is it unimportant that 
certain other nations followed suit. 
There is much in current news to 
indicate that this was not done be-
cause of tender love for the Jews, 
nor because of hearts softened with 
sympathy over their plight in Pales-
tine. 
Britain has gone away bag and 
baggage, and Jews and Arabs are 
fighting desperately to cut one an-
other's throats. The destruction and 
havoc that are concomitants of war 
are again in full swing. Meanwhile 
the United Nations, organized for 
the express purpose of preventing 
this sort of thing, looks helplessly 
on and talks, talks, talks, without do-
ing that which would put a stop to 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
what may be the beginning of an-
other world conflict. 
We do not believe that any pro-
posed plan for establishing peace in 
Palestine, while Jews and Arabs are 
both there as rulers, can succeed. 
The surprising feature is that astute 
and experienced political leaders do 
not realize this. The Jews were but a 
small minority until they were fa-
voured, helped, and protected by 
Britain. The proposed re-establish-
ment of a Jewish national home was 
a plan that had to be originated and 
promoted from without the country. 
It was an artificial interpolation of 
a foreign element into a distinctively 
hostile Arab situation which con-
tinued for a few years only because 
of overpowering outside protection. 
For about 2,000 years the Jews 
have been scattered throughout the 
world without a national home. 
Since they were driven from Jeru-
salem and Palestine they have never 
had a land of their own. Their tem-
ple in Jerusalem was taken from 
them, and they have been persecuted, 
despised and hated of all nations, 
and the sword has followed them 
from land to land. After the first 
great World War when through Gen-
eral Allenby's triumphal entry into 
Jerusalem as the result of his victory 
over the Mussalmans, the British 
proposed to restore Jerusalem and 
Palestine to the Jews, many believed 
then that the new Jewish State was 
about to be established. But what are 
the facts? See what has occurred 
during the years that Palestine has 
been under British mandate. The 
promises and pledges made to the 
Jews and Arabs could not be ful-
filled, and the government was 
called upon to preserve peace against 
elements too strong and too bitter to 
be adjusted by any means except war. 
Jews have not gained their national 
home and Arabs have lost much of 
theirs, while much British blood has 
been spilt to preserve an impossible 
peace. 
In recent weeks and months 
various plans for the control of 
Palestine have been proposed, but 
none show any evidence of succeed-
ing. We are not in a position to 
predict what the final outcome of all 
these and other proposals may be, 
but it is clear that at present no 
elements are at work which can re-
establish a Jewish National State. It 
is to be hoped that at least some 
local and temporary settlements may 
be made which will postpone the 
final conflagration by a few months 
or years, but even this does not seem 
to be assured. Meanwhile, in spite of 
the name, the Jews are without a 
national land with no prospects of 
ever having a permanent one again. 
Their history is against the idea. 
The attitude of Jews and Arabs 
does not have its basis in intelligence 
or reason, but rather in feeling and 
emotion against which logic and 
reason are powerless. Emotion is not 
dependent on intelligence in order to 
function. Especially is this true of 
religious emotion. The attitude of 
both Jews and Arabs in Palestine 
has its basis chiefly in religious 
emotion, for which reason the 
counsel and statesmanship of politi-
cal leaders, no, not even of the entire 
United Nations force, can prevail 
against it. No plan that does not 
gratify the aspirations of both sides 
for the protection and advancement 
of their own religious interests can 
effect a permanent settlement. No 
such plan can be devised by man. 
The Jews, now favoured by certain 
powerful nations with economic and 
moral help and still depending on 
promises of being restored to a 
national home, are ready to accept 
the partitioning of Palestine as a 
beginning; they would later bargain 
for more. The Arabs agree to nothing 
unless all Zionist groups are dis-
solved, all emigration of Jews 
stopped, and unless other nations 
refuse to recognize a Jewish state. 
Outside help offered to either side 
is not entirely in the spirit of charity. 
There is oil at stake. Who cares for 
the Jews who are despised and hated 
in all lands and only tolerated in 
some? But the oil is valuable and 
will make many already rich, a great 
deal richer. And in order to .ensure 
that the oil does not run away, croc-
odile tears must flow copiously out 
of sympathy for the poor Jews, and 
great care must be taken not to offend 
the Arabs. The surface appearance 
of things is but a deceptive indica-
tion of that which lies underneath. 
There are great powers watching this 
oil. Greed, envy, jealousy, and fear 
are at work among them, and fearful 
are the potentialities. We do not 
believe that any permanent national 
home is in store for the Jews. Pos-
sibly some temporary settlement in 
Palestine will be made for a few 
lakhs of them, but with about fifteen 
millions elsewhere in the world, how 
could that be called a national 
home? Neither history, logic, nor the 
laws that govern human nature, lend 
any reasonable support to the idea of 
a Jewish national home in Palestine. 
3 
Herald Sim F ,11111 r Senn & 
Stores Fill While Some 
Wheat Waits. Bulk Grain 
Entering Bulkhead at Do-
oen, Australia. This Is in 
Typical Contrast to the 
Food Position at Present 
in India. 
Using a Turnstile an In-
structor at the Seeing-Eye 
School Teaches a Guide 
Dog to Judge and Differen-
tiate Between Spaces 
Through Which the Dog 
Can Pass But Not His 
Master. The Training En-
ables the Dog to Indicate 
to His Master the Presence 
of Overhanging Awnings, 
Tree Branches, and Other 
Overhead Obstacles That 
May Endanger His Master's 
Safety. 
4' 
Herald Sun Feature Service. 
The Picture Above Shows 
Car-loads of Fruit in 
Australia. Goulbourn Valley 
Pears Arriving at the Ard-
mona Cannery, Mooroopna, 
Victoria. Growers Can Sup-
ply the Cannery With Only 
a Limited Quantity Be-
cause Cold Stores Are 
Limited and Supplies of 
Sugar Doubtful. 
4 
I .S .I.S 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
OUR COVER PICTURE 
Our interesting cover 
picture this month was sup-
plied by the Cement Market-
ing Co. of India Ltd. The 
clean, sanitary, and orderly 
market depicted is in con-
trast to the usual type of dis-
orderly, dirty, and disease-
breeding ones to be seen all 
over India and Pakistan. The 
cement floor as well as the 
shelves and bins are easily 
washed and disinfected, thus 
preventing them from be-
coming breeding places for 
germs that spread disease. 
Cement is by far the best 
material available for such 
purposes, and village elders 
everywhere will do well to 
multiply such market facili-
ties. 
Energy 
SCIENTISTS estimate that the eyes 
consume about one quarter of the 
total nervous energy of the body, 
says Better Vision Institute. 
Ascorbic Acid 
RUSSIAN scientists have discovered 
large amounts of ascorbic acid (vi-
tamin C) in green walnuts. Vita-
min C has also been discovered in 
green English walnuts*, and in, the 
discarded hulls of ripe nuts. 
Dust 
BAGASSOSIS, a new disease of the 
lungs resembling acute bronchitis 
and pneumonia, is becoming a seri-
ous industrial hazard in sugar pro-
ducing areas as reported in Radiol-
ogy. The disease is caused by inhala-
tion of diseased dried bagasse dust. 
Breath-Taking 
ANY person can probably hold his 
breath for forty-five seconds. If he 
breathes deeply and increases his 
oxygen reserve, he can increase the 
time. If he breathes pure oxygen he 
might increase the time to ten or 
twelve minutes. A premedical student 
after inhaling deeply for three min-
utes and taking three whiffs of pure 
oxygen was able to hold his breath 
for twenty minutes and five seconds. 
He said he felt as if he were dying. 
Plague Drug 
Two internationally known plague 
experts from India disclosed yester-
day that two sulpha drugs and 
streptomycin had proved effective in 
treating human bubonic plague vic-
tims. In a paper before the Fourth 
International Congress on Tropical 
Medicines, Major-General Sir Sahib 
Singh Sokhey and Dr. P. M. Wagle, 
of the Haffkine Institute, Bombay, 
said the death rate in recent tests had 
been reduced to 3.3 persons per 100 
patients when streptomycin was used. 
Sulphadiazine showed a death rate 
of only 4.2 and sulphamerazine a 
death rate of 5.9. Approximately 
2,000 delegates from more than forty 
nations are attending the Congress. 
—Reuter. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
Anaemia 
THE development by British medi-
cal scientists of a powerful anti. 
anaemia drug is announced in the 
current issue of Nature. 
Tests on eighty patients in the 
United Kingdom have shown that 
1/200,000th of an ounce is the ef-
fective dose in cases of pernicious 
anaemia. The drug not only restores 
the supply of red cells in the blood 
but corrects the nervous disorders 
and deterioration of the spinal cord 
which are caused by the disease. 
The scientist who played a lead-
ing part in this discovery is Dr. 
Lester Smith of the Glaxo Research 
Laboratories, Greenford, Middle-
sex. England. 
Dr. C. Ungley, a specialist of New - 
castle, found that even the most dif-
ficult cases responded to minute 
doses. Beneficial results were ap-
parent within a fortnight but the feel-
ing of well-being was immediate. 
This natural drug is not a "per-
manent" cure since pernicious anwm-
ia can recur, but the disease will 
continue to respond to similar treat-
ment. One of the important conse-
quences, however, may be that chem-
ical identification of the substance 
will help to discover the cause of 
pernicious anaemia. 
Commercial production of this 
drug is not yet in sight.—B.I.S. 
Protective Effect of Mass Vacci-
nation Proved in New York 
THE New York City Department 
of Health for months now has been 
scanning the results of one of the 
largest mass vaccinations against 
smallpox ever undertaken. In April, 
1947, a lone bus traveller, leaving a 
trail of smallpox cases behind him, 
arrived in New York. Some 7,500,-
000 people thus were in potential 
danger. Immediately, vaccine was 
shipped into the city, a mass drive 
organized and within a few days be-
tween 5,000.000 and 6.000.000 New 
Yorkers were vaccinated at doctors 
offices, clinics, and improvised vac-
cination stations. 
The most encouraging fact dis-
covered so far in the analysis of this 
mass vaccination is what did not 
happen. Going on statistical experi-
ence. 28,820 New Yorkers would 
have contracted the disease and 1,154 
would have died, had there been no 
vaccinations. That didn't happen but 
the reactions of 25,000 persons—a 
fair cross section of the populace—
indicated that it might well have 
happened, for they showed that low 
immunity to smallpox existed in New 
York at the time. 
While the protective effect of the 
vaccine was well established, medical 
men are still searching the files for 
proof of undesirable side-effects of 
the vaccine's virus compound. How-
ever, only forty-five cases of en-
cephalitis (inflammation of the 
brain), no tetanus (usually due to 
contaminated vaccine), no signs of 
hazards to pregnant women or their 
offspring have been noted. The only 
warning for more precaution was the 
death of two infants with skin dis-
eases who presumably contracted 
cowpox from their smallpox-vacci-
nated parents.—US/S. 
5 
NEW LIGHT ON 
MALARIA PARASITE 
Tissue Stage Located in Liver 
of Monkey 
IAN Cox 
A
MOST important addition to our 
knowledge of malaria has just 
been announced by Professor H. E. 
Shortt and Dr. P. C. C. Garnham 
of the London School of Hygiene and 
Tropical Medicine. 
While investigating the micro-
scopic parasite that causes monkey 
malaria (Plasmodium cynomolgi), 
they have found the developmental 
stages in the liver of the infected 
animal, thus establishing the so-
called "tissue form" in the life his-
tory of this parasite which, although 
it has been postulated, has never 
been isolated or seen. Plasmodium 
vivax, which causes human tertian 
malaria, is very closely akin to the 
monkey malaria parasite. There is, 
therefore, a very strong possibility 
that it, too, will prove to follow the 
newly discovered developmental 
cycle. 
The significance of the new dis-
covery is that it fills in the last gap 
in our understanding of the compli-
cated life-history of the parasites 
that cause mammalian malaria. They 
are minute unicellular organisms, 
capable of reproducing themselves 
with great rapidity and in different 
forms, at different stages in the life-
cycle. 
How FEVER RESULTS 
From the point of view of human 
discomfort, the most important part 
of this cycle is spent in the red 
blood corpuscles of the host. Here 
each individual (called at this stage 
a schizont) reproduces itself by suc-
cessive divisions until the corpuscle 
breaks up, setting free the new gen-
eration (merozoites) and with them 
the toxins produced in the course of 
6 
their metabolism. It is these toxins 
liberated into the blood stream of 
the host that result in fever---the dif-
ference between "tertian" (three-
day), "quartan" (four-day) and 
"pernicious" malarias being the dif-
ference in time the three species of 
Plasmodium take to produce and set 
free a generation of merozoites. 
A mosquito of the genus Anoph-
eles, sucking the blood of an in-
fected person, will take into its 
stomach certain descendants of these 
merozoites which have male and fe-
male potentialities. These conjugate 
by pairs in the gut of the insect and 
become transformed into an elon-
gated form which burrows through 
the gut wall and then encysts on the 
outer surface of the stomach. Even-
tually it multiplies by division with-
in the cyst, producing spindle-shaped 
sporozoites which are carried in the 
mosquito's blood stream to its sali-
vary glands. From here sporozoites 
are injected into a mammalian host 
when the insect sucks blood. 
A COMPLICATED CYCLE 
Many years ago an observer 
claimed to have witnessed sporozoites 
actually penetrating the red cells of 
a new host, after which they are said 
to develop into merozoites as I have 
described; later work, 
however, 
showed that the complete life-cycle 
was not as simple as this. It was 
found, for example, that subjects in-
noculated with blood containing 
malaria parasites could be cured per-
manently after infection by quinine, 
and that if quinine were taken while 
the parasites were incubating in the 
blood cells, the infection could be 
prevented altogether. 
If, on the other hand, the sub-
jects were innoculated with malarial 
sporozoites from a mosquito's saliva, 
then quinine given during the in-
cubation period failed to prevent an 
attack of malaria. It was clear then 
that infection produced by sporo-
zoites differed fundamentally from 
those resulting from injections of 
blood in which the parasites were al-
ready lodged in corpuscles, and it 
became accepted that sporozoites, on 
entering the host, do not go straight 
to the corpuscles but pass first into 
the tissues and then undergo further 
development before they reappear as 
familiar trephozoites. 
MYSTERY SOLVED 
The problem so far as human, or 
near-human, malaria parasites were 
concerned, however, was: what tis-
sues? This question remained unan- 
swered until the end of last month 
when Shortt and Garnham announced 
that they had located the tissue 
stages of Plasmodium cynomolgi in 
the liver of a monkey who had been 
strongly infected with sporozoites 
seven days previously. These schi- 
zonts show up in stained thin sec-
tions of the liver as roughly ovoid 
bodies with a diameter of up to one-
thirtieth of a millimetre. The major-
ity of them are then nearly mature 
and at a stage immediately preceding 
multiple division to give merozoites. 
Why these "tissue stages" have so 
far eluded investigators who have 
been looking for them keenly during 
the last few years is due, probably, 
to a variety of reasons. In the first 
place, very heavy dosages of sporo-
zoites are necessary if the develop-
mental forms are to be found easily; 
secondly, the practice hitherto has 
favoured the examination of smears 
rather more than of thin sections, 
and parasites are far less readily 
found by the former means. It is pos-
sible too that the tissue forms may 
be evanescent, the majority disap-
pearing when the cycle within the 
blood corpuscle has been estab-
lished. 
UNRECOGNIZABLY LARGE 
Another factor that may have led 
to schizonts escaping recognition is 
their relatively large size. Already, 
following on Professor Shortt's dem-
onstration, reports are being pub-
lished confirming his discovery by 
the finding of similar parasites in 
other laboratories. 
The application of the discovery 
to the problems of human malaria 
may be expected to follow rapidly. 
The Lancet, for example, suggests 
that Plasmodium falciparum (which 
causes pernicious malaria) develops 
in the human liver for five to six 
days in the same general form as 
Plasmodium cynomolgi in the mon-
key, and that the tissue form then 
probably dies out soon after infec-
tion has developed in the blood cor-
puscles. 
Plasmodium vivax (which is re-
sponsible for tertian malaria), it is 
suggested, develops in the liver for 
six days, and schizonts probably per-
sist there for one to three years, giv-
ing rise at intervals to relapses 
typical of tertian malaria. The tis-
sue forms of the quartan parasite 
(Plasmodium Malaria) 
probably 
persist for twenty years. Verifica-
tions of such suggestions should in 
the light of the work of Shortt and 
Garnham prove simple.—B. I. S. 
TTIF ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
Mt. Everest 
SINCE 1841 Mt. Everest has 
reigned as the highest peak in the 
world. But a few pilots thought they 
had seen a higher one among the 
Amne Machin Mountains of West 
China. In April of this year, one of 
Chiang Kai-shek's former pilots, four-
teen Chinese foreign correspondents, 
• 
two technicians, and a Chinese crew 
armed with radar equipment, circled 
and zig-zagged over the range, but 
found no peak higher than 22,000 
feet as against Everest's 29,000. 
Alcohol Poisons All 
LCOHOL in sufficient quantities is a poison 
to all living organisms, both vegetable and 
animal." �
---nr William H Weir.), Johns tlopbins tiniverstly 
NATURE 
AND 
ALCOHOL 
T
HERE is a large family of alco-
hols, the radical OH being 
their chemical symbol or family 
name. Methyl, or wood alcohol and 
ethyl, or grain alcohol are the two 
kinds used to produce intoxication. 
Methyl alcohol is not expected to be 
used internally, but sometimes it is 
imbibed, and disastrous results fol-
low. It produces atrophy of the 
optic nerve which leads to blind-
ness. The only non-poisonous alcohol 
is glycerol. 
Physically, ethyl alcohol (the 
kind found in beverages of alcoholic 
content) is a fluid closely resembling 
water in appearance. It has a strong 
affinity for water; it "soaks it up" 
readily. It is a solvent of practically 
everything which water will dissolve. 
The boiling point for alcohol is 78 
degrees centigrade, and the freezing 
point is 130 degrees centigrade. 
Dextrose, or grape sugar, is most 
readily used for fermentation and 
formation of alcohol; cane sugar 
must be treated and changed to in-
vert sugar before it is fermentable. 
Also used as sources of alcohol are 
honey, nuts, chicory root, moss, saw-
dust, and even grass. 
Alcohol, because of its solvent 
properties, is in great demand for 
commercial purposes, being used in 
the manufacture of thousands of use-
ful articles. Here, it has a legitimate 
place and is a benefactor to man-
kind. 
Alcohol within the body acts as a 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
selective narcotic 
narcotic poison, more re-
cently called an anaesthetic because 
it acts like ether, chloroform, and 
so forth, by depressing the higher 
brain centres first, and continuing in 
a progressive descending action. Al-
cohol selects one special body tis-
sue as its own particular property. 
That tissue is nervous tissue. It at-
tacks the nervous system first, and 
anaesthetizes it. 
There is but one medium through 
which man may communicate with 
God, and that is through the nervous 
system. Put to sleep that means of 
communication, or even dull it to a 
degree, and you have lessened or de-
stroyed man's opportunity to hear 
the still, small voice. 
ACTION OF ALCOHOL ON THE 
HUMAN BODY 
When alcohol enters the body, this 
is what happens. A small amount is 
absorbed into the blood stream di-
rectly from the stomach, the amount 
thus absorbed depending upon how 
much food is already there (the more 
food, the less absorption). Most of 
the ingested alcohol is absorbed into 
the blood stream from the small in-
testine. Only a residual part is ab-
sorbed from the large intestine. 
GRACE CLIFFORD HOWARD 
The blood stream circulates very 
rapidly (at the rate of about 55 feet 
a minute in the large arteries). Soon 
all the tissues of the body are bathed 
with the alcohol-impregnated blood. 
What alcohol does as it passes 
through the capillaries of the brain 
will be understood more clearly if 
the three levels of integration in the 
brain are considered first. 
Roughly speaking, the first and 
highest level of integration is found 
in that part of the brain which you 
cover when you put the heel of your 
hand over your eyebrows and stretch 
your fingers backward over your 
forehead. Here is the cortex of the 
cerebrum, that superficial layer 
which is so often pictured as being 
folded to form numerous wrinkles. 
The second level of integration is 
located near the centre of the brain. 
The third level is in the brain stem, 
which is a funnel-shaped part of the 
brain continuous with the upper part 
of the spinal cord. 
When you came into this world, 
the third level of integration was al-
ready functioning. Your heart was 
beating and had been, since the 
fourth week after conception. Your 
hands, with which you so readily 
clutched at anything placed in them, 
had been flexing since the twelfth 
week; and at once, when you were 
on your own, your lungs began to 
function and you could and did cry. 
All these muscular movements are 
controlled by nerve cells in the third 
level of integration, which had been 
7 
cr 
- �
' �. �
• 
Alcohol and Heredihi 
G
EN pairs of alcoholic parents 
produced fifty.-seven childre 
with the following results: 
cren were physically deformed.' 
Six were epileptics. 
Six were idiots. 
crwentifrfiue were stillborn. 
(Ten appeared normal. 
!?; 
functioning for several weeks before 
birth. 
With the passage of time you be-
gan to learn certain skilled move-
ments, such as walking. Further 
along, you learned to play games 
and perform complicated manipula-
tions with your fingers, such as the 
process of writing, playing musical 
instruments, learning a trade. The 
nervous patterns and connections for 
these skilled, progressive, associated 
movements are found at the second 
level of integration. 
Judgment, reason, appreciation of 
the arts, noble sentiments, and spir-
itual strivings are developed as the 
individual grows older. These qual-
ities depend on the first and highest 
level of integration. This is the last 
part of the brain to be developed. 
Its development may go on through-
out this life, and no doubt, the life 
to come. 
ALCOHOL AND INTEGRATION 
What action does alcohol have on 
these levels of integration? The 
cerebral cortex, highest and last 
developed level of integration, is the 
first to be anaesthetized by the im-
bibed alcohol. Judgment and reason 
are quickly impaired. Inhibitions 
are deadened, and the drinker may 
say and do things which ordinarily 
he would not. 
All people do not react alike un-
der the influence of alcohol, but the 
general pattern is the same. With 
a blood alcohol content below .05 
per cent, little, if any, evidence of 
intoxication is noted. From .05 to .12 
per cent, the cerebral cortex may be 
anaesthetized to varying degrees, but 
as yet, impairment is largely psycho- 
8 
logical, and physical signs usually 
do not yet appear. Impairment, so 
far, is in the highest level of inte-
gration. 
This is one of the most dangerous 
stages of drunkenness, because the 
drinker thinks he is perfectly cap-
able of handling his affairs even bet-
ter than usual. In reality, his per-
formance may be considerably im-
paired. This is the stage in which 
the intoxicated driver so often has 
a motor-car accident because judg-
ment of spatial relations and of 
time are impaired. 
In the United States, when the 
blood alcohol reaches .15 per cent, 
the individual is legally recognized 
as drunk and a menace on the road. 
In Sweden a driver is considered 
dangerous to traffic when the con-
centration reaches .08 per cent. With 
a .15 per cent concentration the in-
dividual has become very self-as-
sured and often exceedingly devilish. 
As soon as the blood alcohol be-
gins to exceed .15 per cent, the sec-
ond level of integration becomes 
involved and physical signs of drunk-
enness appear. The skilled move-
ments, such as walking, are now 
beginning to be impaired. To the for-
mer loss of judgment now comes 
added loss of muscle co-ordination. 
When the blood content has reached 
as high as .3 per cent, a stage of 
confusion is attained. A loss of the 
sense of propriety and the power of 
voluntary attention is noted. The in-
dividual now sees two moons in the 
sky (double vision), a roaring in 
the ears develops, speech becomes 
loud (because the drinker cannot 
hear well), slurred, and thickened. 
It is at this stage that the policeman 
asks his victim to say "Methodist 
Episcopal" "Massachusetts Institute 
of Technology," just to prove he is 
not drunk. The inebriate often be-
comes very sick and dizzy. He stag-
gers; he cannot walk in a straight 
line or stand erect when his eyes are 
closed. Now all the world knows him 
for a drunken person. The physical 
signs of intoxication are easily seen. 
As more alcohol enters the blood 
stream, a stage of general inertia 
overtakes the drinker. Unless he is 
strongly stimulated he lapses into 
unconsciousness. When more than .5 
per cent blood alcohol is present, the 
person is dead drunk, and because 
the brain centres controlling the 
heart-beat and breathing may be-
come narcotized, death may follow. 
Now even the third and oldest level 
of integration has become impaired. 
DETOXICATION AND HABITUATION 
How does the intoxicated person 
become sober again? This is brought 
about through the chemical process 
of oxidation. The alcohol is brought 
to the liver, and there it is oxidized, 
or burned, to form carbon dioxide 
and water. A small amount escapes 
through the breath and body fluids, 
but between 90 and 96 per cent is 
oxidized. Authorities differ regard-
ing the amount of alcohol that may 
be oxidized in an hour, but it is gen-
erally agreed that the rate is con-
stant until all the alcohol is gone. It 
cannot be hastened by exercise or by 
any other means yet discovered. 
Some authorities say the oxidation 
rate is ten cubic centimetres an hour. 
As a person continues to indulge 
in alcoholic beverages, he establishes 
a tolerance for alcohol and can drink 
more before effects are apparent. He 
must drink increasingly more, too, 
to produce the same psychological 
effects which he formerly got with 
less. After continued drinking there 
comes a time when he finds lie can-
not get along without alcohol. He 
has formed the alcohol habit. 
After approximately ten years of 
fairly steady drinking alcohol has 
become a real problem to the 
drinker, and he finds he cannot give 
up the habit. He has become an 
alcoholic. With women this period is 
shorter than it is with men. It usually 
takes less than seven years to make 
an alcoholic out of a women who 
drinks habitually. The taboos against 
drinking by women cause them to 
drink secretly, and secret drinking 
means heavier drinking than social 
drinking. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
Many Candles on the Birthday Cake 
9 
AGING GRACEFULLY 
W
ELL," the young woman 
was saying, "I guess that 
is just one of the compensations that 
come to us when we are no longer 
young." Compensations for not be-
ing young! The thought struck me 
hard. Like most other people, I sup-
pose, the thought of being middle 
aged, of losing the treasures of 
youth, had seemed to me to be all 
loss and no gain. 
Up to this time, the most that I 
had done about my attitude toward 
growing older had been to achieve 
a sort of grim resignation to the 
relentless onset of the years. But this 
remark about compensations started 
me out upon a new track of thought. 
If there are any compensations, per-
haps even gains, to be had in this 
stage of my life, I began to think 
it was high time that I should be-
gin to recognize them and to cash in 
on them. This new direction in which 
I have lately been turning my 
thoughts has opened to me a most 
interesting and fascinating mental 
territory. The exploration of its pos-
sibilities I am sure are going to be 
very profitable. 
Of course, nothing can entirely 
substitute for the exuberance and 
physical re-bound of youth. I think 
the pollyanna attitude, the "life be-
gins at eighty" idea, is not a real-
istic or sensible approach to the 
problems and opportunities that face 
those past their youthful years. If 
the "aged athlete" were not a rare 
article, he would not be the object 
of so much publicity or admiration. 
To the average individual, the pro-
cess of aging inevitably means the 
gradual loss of youthful attribute 
and abilities. The stamina. tho 
verve, the enthusiasms of youth 
'wane. To this change we must all 
bow. Certainly no one could be ex-
pected to accept this decline, this 
passing of the spring-time of life. 
with rejoicing. But neither should 
we feel appalled or stymied because 
of this natural impairment of our 
former physical powers. 
As Dr. George Lawton says in his 
book Aging Successfully: "It is only 
after the departure of certain youth- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
PEARL LEWIS MEADS 
ful pleasures, that the particular 
pleasures of later maturity can ar-
rive." He goes on to say: "But we 
must be prepared to exploit all these 
`gains' to the fullest. And we must 
also try to find compensations, sub-
stitutes, and indirect satisfactions for 
the unavoidable 'minus' changes 
which the years bring." 
This sounds like good common 
sense to me. So lately I have been 
trying to concentrate much less upon 
the "minus" factors of middle age 
and much more upon the "plus" fac-
tors, which I am sure must be just 
as real and a good deal more en-
couraging to contemplate. After all, 
it is entirely reasonable to assume 
that the mature years should offer 
us many advantages. One cannot live 
without learning; and if the lessons 
learned in the first half of life are 
intelligently applied to the second 
half, it follows that the latter half 
must be enriched and improved. 
Living in the afternoon of one's 
life should not be merely a process 
of giving up one by one the joys and 
accomplishments of youth. It should 
be a season of acquiring new inter-
ests and activities appropriate to our 
strength. We can go on building a 
life, using the fine materials which 
our early years have provided us: 
understanding, tolerance, and know!. 
edge of human nature acquired from 
long contact with our fellow men. 
We should now be the possessors of 
many satisfying mental and spiritual 
gifts that were denied us in our 
youth because of immaturity and in-
experience. 
It was at an exhibit of vehicles 
old and new that I first woke up to 
some of the advantages of being 
older. At this display were buggies, 
traps, wagons, and harness. What 
an amount and what a tangle of 
harness! I was interested in watch-
ing the reactions of the youngsters 
around me as they gazed upon these 
outmoded accoutrements of travel. 
The young folk looked with wonder 
and dismay upon all that confusion 
of collars, bits, checkreins, traces. 
and the like. But to me, just an old 
fogy, it was all as simple as A B C. 
Why, I could have properly ad- 
Grandma Is Also Useful 
10 
justed most of the harness there. 
I could have harnessed a horse, a 
team, or even four abreast and have 
had every buckle fastened right, 
every rein snapped into the proper 
ring. It was a proud moment in my 
life! "Isn't it wonderful when you 
stop to think of it," I said to my 
companion, "that we have been 
privileged to live in two distinct 
eras, the horse-and-buggy age and 
the motor car and aeroplane age?" 
Since that time I have enjoyed 
and appreciated more than ever the 
marvellous new things and the new 
ways of doing things that are so dif-
ferent from what we used to have 
and from the clumsy, laborious 
methods we used in much of our 
work. And my age? Well, when I 
was born, the neighbours peered out 
of their windows to see Doctor 
Campbell's rig hitched to the iron 
post in front of our house—and 
that was not yesterday. So you can 
know that I have lived long enough 
to have seen a thing or two in the 
way of changes through the years. 
And that reminds me that it was 
not so long ago that I was a little 
touchy about belonging partly to the 
nineteenth century. I used to rather 
avoid discussions that would bring 
to light the styles I wore at certain 
ages in my youth. You see, they 
definitely dated me. But what a lot 
of good wholesome fun and interest-
ing conversation I missed! "Remem-
ber when we used to wear this or 
that?" I t an say now; and we are 
off to a flying start on a lively and 
thrilling comparison of times past 
and present. I realize more and more 
that my allotted time upon this 
earth has fallen in the most change-
able, the most dramatic age in the 
history of mar thus far. To study it, 
to appreciate its advantages, is a 
duty and a privilege that middle age 
has brought me. 
There are harvests to be reaped 
in the emotional life of the older, 
mature person. Have not we noticed 
time and again that incidents that 
would have upset us terribly, that 
would have thrown us into a mael-
strom of emotional confusion, do not 
disturb us as they used to? Disap-
pointments, too, I find that I can 
take more gracefully. Nothing used 
to vex me so much as to be disap-
pointed, and to be offered a sub-
stitute for a planned good time only 
angered me. I had to get over that. 
Substitution I have found to be 
necessary sometimes. Certainly that 
is better than nothing at all. In fact, 
it often turns out that the substitution 
is better than the original idea. 
I also find that I have been able 
to shed quite a burden of intolerance 
toward others. When I was younger 
I often felt called upon to pass harsh, 
and, more than often, premature 
judgment upon other people, even 
upon slight provocation. However, 
the consequent embarrassments and 
the innumerable retractions that I 
have had to make because of this 
propensity have finally driven me 
to the place where I am not so quick 
to make adverse estimates of others. 
For this I am glad—and much 
happier. The older I become the 
more I am convinced that only the 
Creator of humanity can possibly 
know all the reasons for any given 
pattern of human behaviour. So only 
He can judge with entire fairness. 
What a relief it is to turn it over to 
Him! 
The audacious self-assurance of 
youth, I suppose, has its place in the 
normal process of maturing. But 
what predicaments this youthful, 
immature quality can get one into! 
It took me a long time to learn to 
consider seriously the warnings and 
advice of experienced persons whose 
judgment was not coloured by any 
emotional involvement in my prob-
lem, as my judgment generally was. 
But it pays, and it pays well, to stop, 
look, and listen, especially to listen 
and take counsel before plunging 
ahead into situations. 
Being better able to take criticism 
is another gain worth mentioning. It 
used to be that the least criticism 
would throw me into a mental slough 
of despond. Now it doesn't dis-
courage me like that. If I think the 
criticism is justified—and it often is 
—I try to register that mistake in my 
mind as one not to be repeated. If I 
truly feel that it is not justified, I 
try not to fret and fume about it, as 
it is impossible for any one person 
to please everyone with whom he 
comes in contact. 
Yes, there are many compensations 
and satisfactions to enjoy in the age 
of "later maturity." The more you 
look for them, the more of them you 
will find. Many persons enjoy even 
better health than they did in their 
youth. I know quite a number who 
do. They have learned their limita-
tions and they respect them. They 
have come to treasure health above 
everything else and are more careful 
than they used to be to adhere to the 
rules of moderation. Youth, you 
know, is prone to take good health 
for granted and to take chances with 
it. We have to live awhile to realize 
fully that health is man's most 
valuable possession. 
There are beautiful, substantial 
friendships that only the test of the 
years can bring us. There is a 
deeper appreciation of all that living 
has taught us is good and worth 
while. 
As the years of our youth fade into 
the past, we find that the more super-
ficial, non-essential things of life lose 
their importance to us. Spiritual 
values emerge to be seen more 
clearly. Our faith becomes more a 
part of our lives. We learn how to 
live by it and how to draw strength 
and comfort from it, not only for 
ourselves, but also for others who 
may need help and assurance. 
Think of the opportunities to help 
that now are ours. Only those of us 
who have lived long enough to under-
stand the meaning of hunger and 
homelessness can fully realize the 
need. And, too, many of us now have 
the time and means that we did not 
have when we were younger, with 
which to help. To be able to do 
something about them brings happi-
ness and satisfaction into the life. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
D
IFFICULT as the task may be, a 
morbid appetite can be restored 
to a normal condition. As it is by 
indulgence that appetite gains the 
mastery, so it is only by rigid absti-
nence that it can be conquered and 
made man's servant. As in the one 
case indulgence is the cause, and the 
debasing rule of appetite the result; 
so in the other case abstinence is the 
redeeming cause, and the natural 
appetite (controlled by reason and 
conscience), health, and happiness 
are the glorious result. But the man 
of strong habits, who undertakes to 
grapple with and conquer his appe-
tite for fashionable indulgence, may 
as well understand at the very start 
that he has a hard battle to fight; and 
he should count the cost, lay well his 
plans, and nerve himself for the con-
test. 
And there is a very important fact 
which we wish here to state for the 
encouragement of those who feel the 
need of reforming in habits of life, 
and who at the same time dread the 
difficulties in the way, and the suffer-
ing they may have to endure. It is 
this: Proper abstinence will soon 
give them complete victory; and when 
this is gained, when simple and 
natural habits have been established, 
the delights of taste and the pleasures 
of existence will far exceed so-called 
enjoyments found in a. gross and 
unnatural life of hurtful indulgence. 
When the drunkard leaves his cup, 
he suffers inexpressible physical and 
mental agony until by continued 
abstinence and proper habits the fire 
dies out of his blood and brain, and 
nature restores order. This accom- 
plished, the reformed inebriate has 
lost his love for liquor, and feels that 
he is a man again. It is not to be 
questioned that the man who satisfies 
his depraved cravings for whisky, 
feels a momentary pleasure in indul- 
gence; but the enjoyments of ex- 
istence, with him whose habits are 
natural and healthful, are almost 
infinitely greater than with him who 
is ruled by morbid appetite, and who 
surrenders to the momentary pleasure 
found in its gratification. 
Here are facts of the greatest im-
portance; and they are not only in 
harmony with natural law, but are 
sustained by the happy experience of 
many a reclaimed drunkard. It is 
difficult to make the drunkard, even 
in his soberest hours, see and feel 
the force (If these facts. His friends 
may wish to help him; but he alone 
must fight the battle with appetite, 
or he can never enjoy the victory. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
The higher powers of his mind are 
benumbed and enfeebled, having 
been surrendered to the rule of 
appetite. He, however, decides to 
make the effort to reform, and ab-
stains from liquor for a few days. 
He is in agony; and feeling no 
assurance that, if he perseveres, the 
period of his suffering will be brief, 
he is in danger of yielding to the 
erroneous idea that abstinence dooms 
him to a life-long period of mental 
and physical agony. Oh to get across 
this, to him, impassable gulf ! The 
fields of delight which lie beyond, he 
cannot now see; but when fairly 
across, he may shout victory in the 
midst of the natural and healthful 
pleasures of an almost new existence. 
This is one of the greatest triumphs 
that mortal man can achieve, and 
one long step toward heaven. Yet 
such a victory can be won. 
What has been said in the case of 
drunkenness is equally true of to-
bacco inebriety. The appetite for 
tobacco will continue so long as the 
blood as soon as possible. Water 
treatment will do this at a rapid 
rate. We have left tobacco invalids 
packed in the wet sheet forty minutes, 
and when they were taken out the 
scent of tobacco so pervaded the 
room as to be sensible to the taste, 
and the sheet itself was discoloured. 
What has been said about the 
liquor and the tobacco habit is true, 
C 
A 
N 
B 
E 
T 
R 
0 
I 
I 
E 
D 
E. G. WiErrs 
tobacco poison remains in the system. 
When the system has been freed from 
tobacco by abstinence and hygienic 
treatment, the appetite will cease. 
Boys have a natural dislike for 
tobacco, but this they overcome by 
its use. When their blood becomes 
thoroughly poisoned, the collision 
between nature and tobacco ceases. 
Completely eradicate tobacco from 
the human system, restore the taste 
to a natural and healthful condition, 
and tobacco will be as offensive to 
its emancipated slave as to the youth 
before he took the poison into his 
blood. 
Let no one try to overcome the 
appetite for tobacco by the long, 
tedious, murderous process of "leav-
ing off by degrees." Victory is sel-
dom, if ever, gained in this way. 
Total abstinence is the only sure 
course. Hygienic treatment is of 
great benefit to those who find this 
a difficult task. In order to obtain a 
speedy and certain victory, the 
poison should be taken from the 
APPETITE 
0 
N 
in the main, in the case of those 
addicted to the use of tea and coffee. 
Total abstinence is the only remedy. 
When these habits are overcome, and 
restoration, so far as possible, to 
natural conditions takes place, whis-
ky, tobacco, and tea and coffee sick-
nesses, in their many forms, will 
cease. For example there are thou-
sands of women in our country who 
once drank strong tea to cure the 
headache, and it did give them tem-
porary relief; but at the same time it 
laid the foundation for more severe 
headache. Now they use neither tea 
nor coffee, and can bear the joyful 
testimony that when they had by 
abstinence overcome their desire for 
tea, their headache also disappeared. 
Those on our side of the question, 
who have passed through the struggle 
against the clamours of morbid appe-
tite, and have gained the victory, can 
appreciate this view of the subject. 
Those on the other side must pass 
over to us, and work out their own 
experience before they can fully 
understand the matter. 
And right here is where the subject 
of hygienic reform meets one of its 
greatest obstacles. It, is difficult for 
those under the control of appetite 
to see anything in the reform but 
privation and starvation. They sit 
down to a hygienic dinner—without 
flesh-meats and highly seasoned gra-
vies—where all the food is, so far 
as possible, in its natural state, and 
are disgusted with its tastelessness. 
They pity us who live upon this 
diet, rind, judging by their own con-
dition of taste, are grieved that we 
are starving ourselves. But the very 
dinner they despise, we enjoy with 
the keenest relish, and do it liberal 
justice. 
To us who have become accus-
tomed to a simple, unstimulating 
diet, it would be painful to sit down 
to a fashionable dinner and partake 
of highly seasoned flesh-meats. The 
very spices, salt, vinegar, pepper, 
mustard, and pickles that would 
delight a fashionable taste, would be 
very unwelcome to ours. The great 
difficulty in this subject is, that those 
who differ with us cannot under-
stand the matter fully until they 
have, through their own experience, 
come all the way over to our side of 
the question. 
To all hygienic reformers I would 
say, Live up strictly to the convic-
tions of your own enlightened mind. 
Be not led into indulgence by the 
entreaties of friends. Live the reform 
at home; and when you go abroad, 
carry it with you. Live it, and at 
proper times, in proper places, and 
in a proper manner, talk its princi-
ples. Never let the opposition or the 
kind entreaties of friends, gain 
ground on you. Ever hold on your 
way, and by all proper means labour 
to impress those around you with 
the importance of the subject. 
A few words to those who are 
making changes: If you make them 
all at once, be sure to make a cor-
responding change in your mental 
or physical labour. If your circum-
stances are such that you cannot 
greatly lessen your labour for a 
while, or spend a few months at a 
sanitarium, you should, in matters 
of diet, make the changes gradually. 
But do not forget to change. As you 
prize health and the favour of God 
here, and a happy existence in His 
presence in the next world, turn from 
the violation of natural law. Let it 
be your study and constant effort to 
bring your habits of life more and 
still more into harmony with the 
laws instituted by the beneficent 
Author of your being. 
AMELLIN NEW HOPE FOR DIABETICS 
MARY JANE KNISELY, M.T. 
A
MAN I shall call Robert Gilpin 
—a seventy-five-year-old retired 
government official in Calcutta—had 
been diabetic for twenty-five years 
when he first heard of what promises 
to be the best treatment yet dis-
covered for his ailment. For sixteen 
weary years he had been needle-
pricked with insulin shots. The last 
year was a bed-ridden one, during 
which life lost its savour. But Robert 
Gilpin had an astounding surprise 
in store for him. 
One of his cronies looked into the 
despairing man's eyes one evening 
and unfolded a tale of miraculous 
things going on at the University of 
Dacca. It was said that Dr. M. C. 
Nath had a new treatment for dia-
betes; that needle pricks were no 
longer necessary. The old invalid's 
eyes blazed with a new hope for a 
moment; then disbelief clouded his 
countenance. Still, he reasoned, the 
University of Dacca would tolerate 
12 
no quackery. It was worth a try. 
Eight months later the elderly man 
had given up invalidism in favour 
of a walk before breakfast. When he 
drew his chair up to the table and 
unfolded his napkin, it was with 
zest. Now he could eat anything he 
chose, and as much of it as he liked. 
Under Dr. Nath's care, Robert Gilpin 
had once more become a man. 
The news spread, and more and 
more diabetics began appealing to 
Dr. Nath for help. He has been 
bringing new health to as many such 
people as he could in India for the 
past several years. But the war put 
chronic disease in the background 
and retarded commbnications, and 
the world has not yet heard much 
about his work. 
For some time medical scientists 
have not been quite convinced that 
insulin is the whole answer to dia-
betes. Why do so many diabetics 
require more insulin than a normal 
person's pancreas—the insulin fac-
tory—is apparently capable of pro-
ducing? Why do autopsies on so 
many diabetics fail to show enough 
wrong with the pancreas to account 
for their condition? 
Certainly there are times when the 
liver is at fault in diabetes. It is the 
body's sugar warehouse—where ware-
housemen take the molecules of sugar 
coming in from the small intestine 
and stack them up in job lots as 
molecules of glycogen. When the 
body sends out a call for more sugar, 
these warehousemen have to unstack 
the glycogen molecules and send out 
as much sugar as is on order. It is 
not surprising if they sometimes get 
tangled up in their work and send 
out more sugar than is ordered, more 
than the body cells can use. 
Dr. Nath knew this, and he also 
knew that many diabetics pour out 
fractions of protein molecules in the 
urine, particularly during diabetic 
THE ORIENT/U. WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
coma. Protein is the framework of 
our body houses. In diabetic coma it 
is as though a typhoon has hit within 
the body, destroying "cell houses" by 
the score. This wreckage flows down-
stream, and through the kidneys. 
Dr. Laip,ply and his colleagues at 
Western Reserve University in Cleve-
land, Ohio, knew this, too. They in-
vestigated the kidneys of diabetics 
who had died of the disease, and 
they found that 63 per cent of 'dia-
betics had damaged kidneys, while 
only about .2 per cent of non-dia-
betics had anything wrong with these 
organs. 
The diabetic also has something 
wrong in his chemical factory that 
takes care of fats. In the normal 
body, fat molecules are torn down 
step by step and eventually be-
come carbon dioxide and water. But 
in the diabetic's chemical factory the 
workmen have forgotten how it is 
done. They take off a piece here and 
a piece there, and end up with what 
is known as "ketones," these are 
"poison chunks," so far as the body 
is concerned. 
The kidneys do what they can to 
rid the body of these chunks. But it 
is as though we were to throw bottles 
of cyanide in our back yard garbage 
pails day after day. Eventually our 
garbage man would be poisoned 
with cyanide. 
In diabetic coma the kidneys—the 
body's ,garbage men—are confronted 
with poison chunks and cell-house 
'wreckage until pandemonium reigns. 
It is not surprising that so many dia-
betics have kidney trouble; that so 
many deaths in coma are associated 
with a breakdown of these kidney 
garbage men. And it does not seem 
surprising that Dr. Shields Warren 
of Harvard Medical School found 
that only 25 per cent of diabetics 
coming to autopsy had anything 
seriously wrong with the pancreas. It 
was not the pancreas that was over-
taxed, but the kidneys. 
In other words, insulin is by far 
not the whole story of diabetes. For 
a number of years now scientists have 
known. they can produce diabetes 
in guinea pigs by injecting "poison 
chunks." They use a ketone called 
"alloxan," closely related to the 
ketones the faulty diabetic body 
makes in the chemical factory 
Scientists also know that diabetes 
has a high incidence among well-fed 
meat eaters, and is practically non-
existent among those who eat almost 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN. JULY 1948 
nothing but rice (starch). They also 
know that, for the most part, diabe-
tics are fat first and diabetic after-
ward. 
The fact that diabetics need more 
insulin than a normal person's 
pancreas is apparently capable of 
producing may indicate that insulin 
can be destroyed by "poison chunks" 
or similar toxic products produced 
by the diabetic body. Things more 
serious than an insulin shortage are 
probably afoot. 
It is as though the various factories 
in the body are overtaxed with work 
—the liver, the kidneys, the fat-
breakdown factory, and perhaps the 
endocrine, or ductless glands. Science 
does not yet know all the factories 
that may be out of working order 
in a diabetic's body. Even the blood-
forming organs, for example, seem 
to lie down on the job in diabetes, 
producing anaemia. 
Dr. Nath thought these factories 
needed a new and powerful over-
lord; a new town mayor with a whip 
hand. He believed there was no point 
in appeasing the pancreas alone if 
other workers were disgruntled, too. 
Dr. Nath has not talked much 
about how he found this over-lord. 
LEAVES 
Basic English, by Cosmas D. 
Alwines, Jaffna, Ceylon 
1 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Take more leaves, 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Natural stores of vitamin, 
Take them cooked or better green, 
Blood, intestines will be clean, 
With leaves, leaves, leaves. 
2 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Take more leaves, 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Teeth so beautiful to see, 
Bones quite straight and strong will be, 
Bright red blood for you and me, 
1Vith leaves, leaves, leaves. 
3 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Take more leaves, 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Powers of body will be strong, 
Nothing will go ever wrong, 
Healthy you will be for long, 
With leaves, leaves, leaves. 
4 
Leaves, leaves, leaves, 
Take more leaves, 
Leaves, leaves. leaves, 
Leaves if you will ever let; 
Be a part of the food you get, 
You will never have regret, 
Leaves, leaves, leaves. 
But he found it in the extract of a 
plant of the figwort family that 
grows wild in India. He calls this 
over-lord, "amelliri." 
It can be given by mouth, saving 
the diabetic hundreds of needle 
pricks. It is slow-acting, and it may 
be several months before sugar stops 
spilling over into the urine. Slowly, 
too, the anaemia which so often ac-
companies diabetes begins to clear 
up. Old infections begin to heal, and 
even the dread gangrene can be 
cured. Joint pains and neuritis clear 
up. As the days go by, the diabetic 
begins to feel like his old self. 
As the news of Dr. Nath's triumph 
spread through India, patients began 
to flock to the University. Though 
he isolated the drug amellin in 1940, 
he experimented with animals for 
almost three years before he at-
tempted to treat human diabetics. 
There was, for example, the forty-
six-year-old school-teacher, frantic 
because he was so weak and because 
his eyesight was failing fast. He 
could not recognize his best friend 
at a distance of ten feet. He had been 
diabetic for four years before he 
heard of Dr. Nath. In three months' 
time his drooping shoulders were 
straight, he walked with the quick 
step of a man who is happy with 
life, and best of all, his eyesight was 
restored to normal. 
Dr. Nath does not starve his 
patients. Some eat more than 3,000 
calories a day, and few take less 
than 2,000. Dr. Elliott Joslin, Amer-
ica's foremost authority• on diabetes, 
advises about 1,600 calories a day 
'for an adult diabetic taking insulin. 
Amellin appears to be the mighty 
over-lord who can keep the body 
workmen satisfied and doing an effi-
cient job. Or perhaps it neutralizes, 
as �
an antidote neutralizes, - the 
poisons produced b); faulty factories. 
So far Dr. Nath has not,been able 
to study the large number of patients 
that science requires before accepting 
a treatment whole-heartedly, but he 
is hopeful and confident. Every 
month his records show more tri-
umphs for the new drug. 
Amellin is not available as yet, as 
is penicillin, another worker of seem-
ing miracles. But the old order is 
changing, and science is seeking 
something more than insulin for the 
treatment of diabetes. Who knows but 
that amellin may open the way to a 
complete understanding of this age-
old disease, and bring, in Dr. Nath's 
own words, "new hope to suffering 
humanity"? 
13 
(In 
G
ALL-STONES are annoying 
little concretions that may 
cause attacks of excruciating pain in 
the right side of the upper part of the 
abdomen. Not all gall-stones, how: 
ever, cause colicky pain. 
Sometimes they cause a dull type 
of distress in the middle of the upper 
part of the abdomen associated with 
excessive belching, fullness after 
meals and intolerance for certain 
foods. This is designated as gall= 
bladder dyspepsia and is apt to occur 
in persons who are spoken of as the 
"fair, fat, forty and flatulent type." 
Sometimes gall-stones are quite 
"silent" and cause little or no dis-
tress. In this case their presence may 
be discovered accidentally during a 
routine X-ray examination or by 
other methods. 
Sometimes gall-stones are removed 
by surgical operation and the per-
son is greatly relieved of his dis-
tress. Sometimes they are treated by 
medical methods for long periods 
with reasonable comfort to the pa-
tient. In the vast majority of cases 
the removal of the gall-bladder with 
its stones usually causes consider-
able improvement in the patient and 
he is thereafter free from colic; oc; 
casionally, however, the distress or 
the stones or both return, and this 
raises the question as to what causes 
the stones to form in the first place. 
To understand the problem of 
gall-stones, it is necessary to start 
with the beginning, that is, the pro-
cess by which they are formed in the 
body. Then comes the programme of 
treating them both medically and 
surgically and the results to be ex-
pected of each of these and finally 
the question that is so often asked—
whether gall-stones can be expelled' 
from the body without surgical. 
operation. 
FORMATION OF GALL-STONES 
The formation of gall-stones in 
the body is unfortunately not a 
simple process. It would be con-
venient if it were, for then the con-
trol of them would be correspond-
ingly simple. 
Three factors are involved in the 
formation of gall-stones. These are: 
infection, changes in the composi-
tion of the bile and stasis or stag-
nation of the bile (which is pro-
duced in the liver and stored in the 
gall-bladder). The process is this:" 
Infection provides a nucleus con-
sisting of bacteria, alive or dead, 
or body cells sloughed off from the 
walls of the gall-bladder or bile 
ducts. 
14 
About these are precipitated 
cholesterol, calcium salts or bile 
pigments whenever the chemical bal-
ance that holds them in solution is 
upset. 
An increase in the secretion of 
cholesterol into the bile is favoured 
by conditions including pregnancy, 
obesity, starvation, high fat diets, 
hemolytic jaundice. In these condi-
tions, the blood cholesterol is high, 
and the bile cholesterol tends to rise 
parallel to the blood cholesterol. A 
decrease in the bile salt content of 
the bile favours the formation of 
stones. 
This condition is favoured by in-
flammation of the gall-bladder or its 
ducts and by biliary stasis, which 
favours the removal of water whil 
delaying the removal of bile salts; 
thus upsetting the concentration and 
chemical balance of the bile. 
Biliary stasis occurs in preg-
nancy, heart disease, over-weight, in-
flammation of the gall-bladder; 
debilitated states and sedentary 
habits. Under these conditions, gall- 
stones are apt to form. �
- 
ANIMALS ALSO HAVE GALL-STONES 
Most people are greatly surprised 
when informed that animals have 
gall-stones. No fooling, they really 
have, and some of them are as big 
as or even bigger than those found 
in man. Some years ago, workers at 
the University of Colorado and the 
Bureau of Animal Industry of the 
U. S. Department of Agriculture 
made a survey of several thousand 
cattle coming to Denver packing 
houses. They found that one per 
cent of the animals had gall-stones. 
Most of the stones occured in adult 
cows that had borne calves. One lone 
bull had the honour of maintaining 
the position of his sex, while steers 
(emasculated bulls) make up the re-
mainder. There were no instances of 
gall-stones among heifers (ado-
lescent females), and this sug-
gested that they had not reached the 
age for gall-stones. The age of the 
cattle with gall-stones varied from 
two to ten years with an average age 
of seven which represents middle 
life for cattle. 
The purpose of making such a 
survey is to remove the study of 
gall-stones from the narrow confines 
of human behaviour with all its 
artificially imposed restrictions and 
habits, and place the investigation 
on a broad biologic basis thus re-
moving the problem from all the 
vagaries of man with his bizarre 
habits, customs and restrictions. 
Gallstones also occur spontane-
ously in hogs, and dogs, and they 
have been produced experimentally 
in rabbits. 
In human beings they occur uni-
versally among all peoples and all 
races. They have been known since 
antiquity. Fifteen hundred years ago, 
Alexander of Thralles gave an ex-
cellent description of them. 
A survey of numerous observa-
tions seems to indicate that from 
five to ten per cent of people have 
gall-stones, that they occur twice as 
frequently in women as in men, that 
pregnancy is an important pre-dis-
posing factor, likewise that more 
people who eat a high fat diet have 
gall-stones than those who eat a 
more vegetarian diet; that gall-
stones are of lesser frequency among 
certain tribes in Russia, Japan and 
India where the diet is more frugal, 
more vegetarian and, poorer in fat; 
that Negroes have fewer gall-stones 
than their white neighbours, perhaps 
for the same reason. As to age, gall-
stones have been found in people 
from infancy to old age, although 
GALL 
the great incidence occurs in middle 
and late life. 
No one has yet come out with a 
clear-cut statement that the tendency 
to gall-stones is inherited, yet it is 
a common observation that gall-
stones tend to occur in some fam-
ilies more than in others. Many 
physicians have observed families 
that have a high incidence of gall-
stones. In one type of gall-stones, 
the inheritance factor has been 
clearly established, namely in the 
stones that occur in about half the 
people who have hemolytic jaun-
dice, which is now generally ac-
cepted as an inherited, disease. 
BEHAVIOUR OF GALL-STONES 
Gall-stones are variable in ap-
pearance and occurrence. They will 
range in number from one single 
large stone the size of a small egg 
to hundreds of small sand-like pel-
lets; in colour they are brown, yel- 
TM; ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
HAR] 
low, black, green, or a mixture of 
these; in shape they are round, oval, 
polygonal; their surface is rough, 
smooth, granular, shiny or dull. 
In behaviour they are equally va-
riable. Generally their behaviour 
falls into three patterns. (1) They 
are "silent" and produce no dis-
tress; (2) they produce a dull type 
of upper abdominal distress called 
biliary dyspepsia: (3) they produce 
a violent type of excruciating pain 
called biliary colic. 
As to the silent type, little need 
be said about them since they are 
of no importance. 
The second class gives rise to 
biliary dyspepsia. Here the person 
experiences a dull type of distress 
associated with fullness after meals 
in the middle of the upper part of 
the abdomen, also belching and 
bloating; coated tongue, offensive 
breath, sometimes nausea and vomit-
ing; sometimes pain under the lower 
ribs on the right side and radiating 
to the back; intolerance for certain 
foods, as fried foods, greasy foods, 
highly fat foods, onions, vinegar, 
spices, peppers, alcohol, strong tea 
and coffee, radishes, cucumbers, 
chocolate, cabbages, brussels sprouts, 
raw apples, canteloupe and some 
others. 
The distress usually occurs after 
meals and conversely the person usu-
ally feels better when the stomach 
is empty; sometimes he gets relief 
from soda. Constipation is common 
and the stools may be clay-cloured. 
The third type of distress is the 
biliary colic. Here the person is 
seized by an attack of excruciating 
pain, knife-like in character, usu-
ally along the lower border of the 
right ribs. The pain usually radiates 
to the right shoulder blade, how-
ever it may radiate to the pit of the 
stomach or elsewhere. The duration 
of such an attack is variable. It may 
last from seconds to hours. 
With an attack, one is severely 
prostrated, usually takes to bed, 
doubles up in agony; although oc-
casionally he may pace the floor. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
He is apt to have a chill followed by 
a fever; sometimes he has nausea 
and vomiting. The urine is apt to be-
come darkly stained or even jaun-
diced while the stool becomes clay-
coloured; jaundice may appear in 
the skin, eyes, lips and other sur-
faces of the body. Few people can 
stand the agony of a gall-stone colic 
without the beneficent help of a 
powerful sedative. 
There is no set pattern for the 
number of such attacks that a person 
can have. He may have a single at-
tack or repeated attacks coming on 
every few weeks. Generally speaking 
the gravel and smaller type of 
stones are more apt to produce colic 
since their small size makes it easier 
for them to enter the ducts, a posi-
tion which is the basis of the colic; 
whereas the larger stones encounter 
more difficulty in entering the ducts. 
These accordingly are less apt to 
produce colic, but they are more apt 
to produce biliary dyspepsia. 
IMMEDIATE AND LONG-TIME 
TREATMENT 
Treatment depends upon the be-
haviour of the stones in the body. 
During the stages of colic it is neces-
sary to give the sufferer relief from 
the agonizing pain. A powerful seda-
tive is necessary. Usually morphine 
is employed. External heat to the 
gall-bladder region is helpful. 
The appetite as a rule is lost and 
nausea is usually present, hence a 
very light or even liquid diet is em-
ployed. The use of fluids is to be en-
couraged. Bed rest is usually em-
ployed. 
When the acute stage of the colic 
has subsided, then a more perma-
nent programme has to be con-
sidered. 
When gall-stones are known to be 
present either by the evidence of 
X-ray films or by the excruciating 
experience of the colic, then surgery 
is generally considered, with cer-
tain specific exceptions which will 
be mentioned later. 
Bile ducts from the liver connect 
with the gall-bladder and also with 
the duodenum, where thhe bile en- 
ters the digestive tract. Normally the 
bile does not flow directly into the 
duodenum but first passes into the 
gall-bladder, where it becomes con-
centrated. When the gall-bladder is 
removed, the bile thereafter follows 
the direct route and the ducts that 
carry it dilate, possibly in partial 
compensation for loss of the gall-
bladder. 
Most physicians agree that a gall-
bladder that contains stones and has 
caused a biliary colic should be re-
moved. Gall-stones that have caused 
colic are apt to repeat the perform-
ance. Certainly few people wish to 
repeat the experience of gall-stone 
colic. 
Following the removal of the gall-
bladder with its stones, the person 
should follow the so-called "gall-
bladder regime" for some time, per-
haps for years. It must be remem-
bered that the factors which pro-
duced the gall-stones before are Still 
present and may produce gall-stones 
again. Removal of the gall-bladder 
did not remove the causes or the 
mechanism for the formation of 
stones. 
Over-eating will certainly produce 
biliary dyspepsia. Hence the need 
for caution and a controlled pro-
gramme of living after the removal 
of the gall-bladder, in order to avoid 
the recurrence of stones or biliary 
dyspepsia. 
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT 
To begin with, over-weight must 
be corrected if it is present, likewise 
high fat diets and sedentary life be-
yond the requirements of the per-
son's physical condition should also 
be avoided. These all tend to cause 
the recurrence of biliary dyspepsia. 
Certainly there is no point to inviting 
trouble. 
Medical management consists of 
those procedures which experience 
has shown afford the greatest pro-
tection and the maximum comfort to 
a person with an impaired biliary 
system, and protect him from biliary 
dyspepsia. 
First is body weight. Gall-bladder 
patients should not be over-weight. 
If they are they should get down to 
their proper weight level. This is 
done by restricting the food intake 
to 1,000 to 1,200 calories with 
proper regard to the intake of pro-
tein, minerals and vitamins. Then 
they should follow the gall-bladder 
diet, which consists of those foods 
that cause the least irritation to the 
liver and gall-bladder while at the 
same time maintaining the body in 
a state of adequate nutrition. 
The total energy value of the diet 
should be enough to maintain nor-
mal work and normal weight and no 
more; every additional ounce of 
food imposes a needless burden upon 
the liver. Hence the gall-bladder 
diet consists of 1,800 to 2,200 cal-
ories if the person is of normal 
15 
TONES 
AUSS 
weight and if he is performing ordi-
nary work. Allowances are made for 
those engaged in heavy work. 
If a person is over-weight he 
should follow the reducing diet of 
1,000 to 1,200 calories. He may com-
bine the low caloric diet with the 
principles of the gall-bladder diet. 
Well-cooked• foods are desirable in 
the diet and so are a generous 
amount of fruits and fruit juices, but 
not the hard fruits as raw apples and 
cantaloupe. Iced foods and beverages 
are, to be avoided. 
Other factors come in for con-
sideration in the treatment of biliary 
dyspepsia. Many people lack a suf-
ficiency of bile in their intestinal 
tract. Some physicians are of the 
opinion that this insufficiency of bile 
is partly responsible for the consti-
pation and flatulence often present; 
hence it is desirable to give bile in 
some form to these people. It is usu-
ally given as dehydrated bile or bile 
salts. 
Saline laxatives are sometimes em-
ployed, so are digestives. External 
heat and various types of baths are 
employed to advantage. 
However, surgery offers the best 
all-round treatment and results; 
nevertheless there are people in 
whom the ailment must be treated 
entirely by medical methods. These 
are persons of advanced years, per-
sons with severe heart or kidney 
disease and those who refuse surgery. 
CAN GALL-STONES BE MADE To 
PASS WITHOUT SURGERY? 
What about this talk of passing 
stones without surgery? In the first 
place a certain amount of misrepre-
sentation has been practised in the 
past by some of the cultists in this 
JOHN 
EVERY family in Britain is now 
being supplied an official leaflet ex-
plaining how they will be able to 
make use of the new health service 
which starts in July. Altogether some 
13,000,000 copies of the leaflet will 
be distributed. 
The National Health Scheme offers 
a wide range of services on a larger 
scale than has ever before been at-
tempted. Every man, woman and 
child in Britain will be able to make 
use of medical, dental and nursing 
facilities free of charge and without 
16 
matter. By prescribing olive oil and 
soda, or some such combination, they 
would cause the patient to pass "soft 
stones" which they promptly claimed 
were gall-stones. Such "soft stones" 
were formed in the intestine by the 
action of the alkali on the oil or fat. 
They did not originate in the gall-
bladder and, in fact, had nothing 
to do with it. 
But gall-stones do pass spon-
taneously at times during a colic, 
and the question has arisen whether 
they can be caused to pass by a con-
trolled programme. 
By a system designated as "biliary 
flush," some doctors have been able 
to cause the patient to pass stones. 
The stones so passed are of the 
smaller size only. It is doubtful if a 
stone larger than a quarter of an 
inch can be made to enter or pass 
through the out-going ducts by the 
biliary flush method. 
Further, the experience of the pa-
tient is not particularly pleasant. It 
is probably little short of the dis-
tress caused by a real colic under 
treatment; further, the passage of 
one or more stones does not mean 
other stones have not remained be-
hind to cause further trouble at a 
later date. 
So all in all, biliary flush is not 
a procedure to be recommended in 
the routine treatment of gall-stones. 
Even the writers on this subject re-
commend that "surgery remains the 
surest method for the removal and 
the most effective for dealing with a 
seriously diseased gall-bladder." The 
best form of treatment for gall-
stones that cause distress is the re-
moval of the gall-bladder with its 
stones.—Hygeia. 
Ricc 
insurance qualifications. The Na-
tional Health Service is not a charity. 
Everybody bears the cost of the 
Service mainly as taxpayers. 
The public will be entitled to re-
ceive advice and treatment from the 
family doctor of their own choice. 
All consultations between doctor and 
patient will remain personal and 
confidential as at present. Most fam-
ilies will choose to retain the services 
of their present doctor. Anybody 
who wishes to change doctors and 
anybody who is not already on a doc- 
tor's list is asked to make a choice 
now in order that the scheme can 
start efficiently and smoothly. 
SPECIAL SERVICES 
Besides private treatment, every-
body will be entitled to the medical 
and health services offered by gen-
eral or special hospitals. Included in 
these amenities are maternity care, 
sanatorium treatment, care of mental 
health and all kinds of surgical 
operatibns. Hospital charges will 
cease on July 5, but accommodation 
permitting, patients will be able to 
pay for greater privacy. 
Medicines and drugs prescribed by 
doctors will be obtainable free of 
charge from all dispensing chemists 
taking part in the scheme. In the 
same way, all the necessary ap-
pliances will be available without 
charge to the patient. 
At present there are too few den. 
tists to make the full service avail-
able straight away, but after July 5 
a special priority service for ex-
pectant and nursing mothers and 
young children is being organized 
by the local authorities. This is in 
addition to the free dental service 
at the disposal of all school children 
Partial dental service, which will 
come into operation in July, offers 
free treatment to the general public 
on the same lines as that provided 
by the medical service. 
HEARING AID 
Special eye treatment will be un-
dertaken by specialists at hospitals 
and clinics as part of the free hospi-
tal service. Several different types of 
spectacles will be provided without 
charge 
Free distribution of a new hearing 
aid invented by a special committee 
of the Medical Research Council will 
be made shortly to all deaf patients 
while specialist ear clinics will be 
established as resources allow. 
As soon as possible, it is hoped to 
organize local Home Health Services 
throughout the country. Under the 
direction of local authorities this ad-
ditional service will provide for ad-
vice and care for expectant mothers, 
and children under five, home nurs-
ing, vaccination and immunization 
services and the appointment of 
health visitors to deal with problems 
of illness in the home. 
A total of £150,000,000 (Rs. 199. 
65 crores) has been set aside to 
cover the costs of the new health 
services during the first nine months 
from the inauguration date in July. 
B. I. S. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN. J1 LY 1948 
BRITAIN'S NATIONAL HEALTH 
SCHEME 
rag 0.101004 0.0.0~ 000.0.0.0.0."010. "MAN .a.MAAM.M.A1 
ASHLEY MONTAGU, Ph.D 
T
WENTY years ago studies of the 
thyroid gland were being car-
ried on at the Wistar Institute of 
Anatomy in Philadelphia. The ex-
perimental animals used were a 
genetically identical strain of rats. 
During the course of these studies the 
investigator noticed that his animals 
fell into two distinct behaviour 
groups. One group of rats presented 
a consistently high irritability and 
neuro-muscular tension, while the 
other group presented a picture of 
placid, relaxed, well-balanced con-
tentment. The first group were wild 
and fearsome; the second group were 
tame and friendly. In view of the 
nature of the study, it seemed worth 
while to investigate the possible 
cause of this behaviour difference in 
what was essentially a genetically 
homogeneous group of animals. 
Upon investigation it was found 
that the rats were actually drawn 
from two different sets of cages. In 
one group of cages, in which the 
standard stock of animals was kept, 
were the rats who received no other 
attention than to have their cages 
OF 
RATS 
AND 
MEN 
cleaned at certain periods, and at 
whom, as it were, food was thrown 
during each day and the door of the 
cage banged shut upon them. To this 
group belonged the irritable, neuro-
tensive rats. In the second group of 
cages were rats who had received a 
good deal of personal attention. They 
had been fed by hand, stroked, and 
in other ways gentled. They were the 
placid, friendly animals. 
The first group had obviously 
been frightened and bewildered by 
the treatment they had received. No 
one had shown them any real sym-
pathy; but they, were instead treated 
in an off-hand, peremptory manner, 
which did nothing to make them feel 
that they belonged to any sort of 
world at all. This resulted in a state 
of nervous tension, much like that 
which men develop under similar 
circumstances. 
The gentled rats, on the other 
hand, obviously felt secure under the 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, Jinx 1948 
lands of those who fondled them. 
The laboratory attendants had 
brought them up on a ration of 
friendliness and sympathy; and they 
responded with fearlessness, friendli-
ness, and a complete lack of neuro-
muscular tension or irritability. 
Observe now what happened when 
the glands in the neck—the parathy-
roid and the thyroid—were removed 
from both groups of animals. Within 
forty-eight hours of the operation 79 
per cent of the irritable rats died, 
while only 13 per cent of the gentled 
rats died. A difference of 63 per 
cent of survivals in favour of the 
gentled rats! 
But this is not the end of the story. 
When rats taken from the irritable 
group were put through a course of 
gentling, of friendly treatment, they 
lost their fear and became friendly; 
while their mortality rate after opera-
tion was, in the relatively small 
series studied, reduced to zero. 
Here, you will observe, we have 
a clear demonstration of several im-
portant facts which among human 
beings are not always easy to prove 
experimentally. 
First, among rats, as among men, 
any experience which produces a 
mental strain results in a state of 
nervous tension. 
Secondly, neurotensive individuals 
are less able to stand physical and 
nervous shocks than calm, well-
balanced individuals. 
Thirdly, and finally, neurotension 
is a curable condition. 
These observations on rats confirm 
and give greater force to what we 
already know about human beings; 
that is, that the neurotensive state can 
be eliminated not so much by remov-
ing the external conditions which 
form the original conditions of .dis-
turbance as by controlling one's 
responses to those conditions. 
It is true that the conditions of 
modern life place a great tax upon 
one's nervous energies in much the 
same manner as our standard rats 
were nervously taxed, and that the 
elimination of these conditions would 
go a long way toward reducing 
nervous tension. However, such an 
improvement in external conditions 
would by no means wholly elimi-
nate nervous tension. The reason for 
this is that neurotension is not solely 
caused by external conditions, but 
by one's mode of responding to such 
external conditions. Hence, what we 
must learn to control are our re-
sponses to every one of the condi-
tions constituting the world of events 
to which we are exposed. The rats 
could learn to do this only when 
their external circumstances were 
changed, when by being gentled they 
were made to feel that they belonged 
somewhere, that they were not in-
securely alone. But men do not need 
to change their external circum-
stances, however desirable this 
would be, in order to establish a 
state of happy tranquility within 
themselves. This they can do by 
adapting themselves to conditions as 
they find them; that is, by making 
the responses best calculated to 
master them. 
When the irritable rats learned to 
"take it easy," they lost their nervous 
tension. When you have learned to 
"take it easy," to relax, you, too, 
will lose your nervous tension. Be-
fore the irritable rats could lose their 
irritability they had to re-orient 
17 
Non-co-operation, Physical or Mental, is Waste of Energy. 
18 
themselves in relation to a new set of 
social conditions. From an isolated 
state in which they were left com-
pletely alone, they were introduced 
into a noncompetitive, co-operative 
environment, an environment which 
was kindly instead of indifferent and 
even hostile. In such an environment 
a rat can feel happy, as part of a 
universe in which he definitely be-
longs. 
Now, as far as you are concerned, 
with the exception of your family 
and your friends, sad as it may be to 
have to say it, comparatively few 
persons are going out of their way 
to make you feel that you really 
belong to a friendly, co-operative 
world interested in maintaining your 
happiness and security. Unfortun-
ately, the truth is that the world in 
which most human beings find them-
selves today is one which is rather 
more hostile than otherwise. It is a 
world organized upon essentially 
competitive principles, while the 
principle of co-operation is left to 
preachers and idealists to talk about. 
Actually, you and I—all of us—
are in much the same situation as 
those ungentled rats. All of us are 
living in a fiercely competitive world. 
This was not always so. In medieval 
times the feudal economic system 
was based upon the principle of co-
operation rather than the principle 
of competition. Men worked together, 
not against one another. And reli-
gion, then well-nigh universal, gave 
men a creed upon which to lean in 
time of stress. With the rise of in-
dustrialism and capitalism, the 
principle of co-operation gave way 
more and more to that of individ-
ualistic enterprise, while an increas-
ing proportion of men began to give 
up their reliance on religion. 
Thus, from both the secular and 
the spiritual sides, man has become 
more and more isolated, thrown back 
upon himself. He was torn lose from 
a world which had satisfied his need 
for economic and spiritual security.
s 
 
He was no longer engaged in a com-
mon enterprise, but in a competitive 
struggle for existence, in which he 
was frequently confronted with the 
choice of either destroying his com-
petitors or being destroyed by them. 
With no creed to support them, 
with a driving, hostile world con-
tinually threatening their security, 
is it any wonder that, like rats under 
similar conditions, men develop an 
uneasiness which expresses itself not 
alone in neuromuscular tension, but 
also often in disillusion, cynicism, 
hysteria, neurosis, and in a feeling 
of complete defeat? 
Under such conditions the pact 
that men often make with themselves 
is this: "Well, if society wants it 
that way, I'll live my life entirely 
for myself. I'll show 'em. I'll spare 
nothing and I'll spare nobody." They 
become for themselves the only 
object of interest and the sole crite-
rion of value. Their own self-satisfac- 
tion and gratification become suffi-
cient aims and purposes of living. 
Do you see how much like those 
insecure, irritable rats we have be-
come? But do you not also see how, 
like those rats, we may solve the 
dilemma with which we are faced? 
If each one of us will reduce in 
himself the spirit of competition to 
the necessary minimum, and rein-
state, as a dominant motive and 
principle, the spirit of co-operation, 
this will of itself serve to achieve an 
enormous increase in personal well-
being. No time is more propitious 
for the wholehearted exercise of the 
spirit of co-operation than the 
present. The degree to which we 
learn to co-operate will be to a large 
extent, the measure of our morale. 
Exchange the freedom to be alone 
for the freedom to be together with 
your fellow men. Pull together with, 
not against, your fellows. It is time 
we fully realized the value of joining 
hands with our fellows in the com-
mon endeavour of achieving the good 
life. 
You will gain measurably by 
sharing in all the experiences of your 
fellow men, not cutting yourself off 
from them. In so doing, you will 
gain both in understanding and in 
strength of character, and you will 
shed that feeling of strain and in-
quietude which affected you when 
you felt that every man regarded you 
as a stranger. You will feel that, 
because you are of men and because 
their mistakes, failures, and successes 
are your mistakes, failures, and 
successes, you belong in the great 
fellowship of men, that you are not 
al one. 
Be gentle to others and they will 
be gentle to you. Don't despair if it 
doesn't work the first or the second 
time. Help others to see your point 
of view—the beauty and efficiency 
of the spirit of co-operation rather 
than that of competition. Scratch a 
competitive, rugged individualist and 
you'll find a solitary, confused, un-
happy soul beneath. Bring him out 
and make him part of your great co-
operative fellowship. It is by your 
own • example that you can best 
achieve this. Be a co-operator your-
self, and you will soon find a great 
ease of the spirit embracing you. 
Men, by your example, will be en-
couraged to imitate you, and you 
will find yourself, almost automatic-
ally, considerably relieved of the 
nervous tension which may consci-
ously or unconsciously have been 
plaguing you. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
HOW HANDSHAKING STARTED 
ALICE W. NORTON 
H
ANDSHAKING is a nice cus-
tom. Somehow the warm, 
friendly grip of a human hand has 
a great tendency to lift our spirits 
and speed us on our way. It seems 
to give our step a lighter spring, and 
even our voices sound more tuneful 
after we have shaken hands with a 
friend. 
"Silly custom, this handshaking," 
I heard a modern youth exclaim re-
cently in a bookshop where the three 
of us were talking, "and I would 
like to be the one to abolish it." 
"You would!" his red-headed com-
panion, evidently another modern 
youngster, mimicked. "You'd like to 
abolish a custom whose origin was 
founded on friendliness. It's you, 
Bud Crow, who's silly!"--- 
"I-I-maybe I'm talking too fast," 
returned Bud, "but it does seem so 
foolish to me to have to practise 
handshaking with my mother. You 
know," he went on sarcastically, "she 
says it must be a firm, glad clasp to 
mean anything, and—well, anyway, 
I never seem to have the sort of 
grip to suit her." 
"A good grip is necessary," de-
clared the red-headed youth. "Ini-
tiative always has been that way." 
"Well," exclaimed Bud, "why 
don't you tell me what you know on 
this subject and be done with it?" 
"Well, here's the whole thing in a 
nutshell: "Long ago, when civiliza- 
tion was young, people had to carry 
swords and sabres to protect them- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
selves against robbers and bandits 
as well as their personal enemies. 
For this reason each man kept his 
right hand on his sword handle, or 
kept the handle in position to grasp 
it readily that he might draw it 
quickly in case of attack, or if he 
caught sight of an approaching 
enemy. �
• 
"When he happened to encounter 
a friend he held out his hand to 
show it was empty of any injurious 
weapon. Of course, the man he met 
did likewise, and thus came about 
the custom of grasping each other's 
empty hand as a token of friendli-
ness and trnst in each other. Of 
course," the red-headed speaker 
chuckled, "the custom of carrying 
swords and sabres to settle disputes 
of any argument today has vanished, 
but the old habit of handshaking has 
lived right on dow,n through genera-
tion after generation as a token of a 
friendly attitude. I like it myself, 
and I am making a hard effort to 
learn the knack of clasping a hand 
in such a way that it carries real 
warmth and tenderness to those 
whose hand I clasp." 
"Well, now," Bud murmured a bit 
whimsically, "this story of yours 
puts a new light on the subject to 
me. I'm going now to start prac-
tising the handshake." 
"You might as well begin right 
here," laughed the red-headed 
speaker. 
And then, to my pleasant sur- 
prise, I saw the boys shake hands 
and go their different ways, but the 
thought advocated by the red-headed 
youth lingered in my mind. Real 
friendly handshaking is a good cus-
tom, and everyone ought to do more 
of it. 
KITE LAND 
NORMAN C. SCHLICHTER 
Y
OU surely know that by "Kite 
Land" I mean China, famed 
for centuries for its wonderful kites. 
The variety of Chinese kites seems 
almost limitless, we are told by those 
who know. A brief glimpse of the 
sky in almost any place will show 
kites shaped like butterflies, fish, 
insects, hawks, centipedes, and dra-
gons. There are also big human 
shapes of kites. These portray fierce 
soldiers, pagan gods, and national 
heroes. Even popular actors are 
pictured in kites, and ride the sky 
dressed in their stage costumes. 
The big man-shaped kites are 
flown by grown people who are as 
fond of kite flying as boys and girls 
are. 
In larger cities whole streets are 
known as kite streets, in which noth-
ing but kites are displayed in shop 
windows, and nothing but kites made 
in the shops. 
Amazing ingenuity is shown in 
kite construction. For instance, bird 
kites are made with adjustable wings 
which can be set at various angles 
so as to control their flight. Dragon 
and centipede kites, monsters from 
thirty to forty feet long, are made 
with many sections. This gives them 
a wiggling, snakelike imotion in the 
air. Tiny wind wheels make the eyes 
in them revolve. 
Kites in China are often called 
feng cheng, which means in English, 
"air harps." This name comes, from 
their giving out humming and sing-
ing noises made by small bamboo 
flutes or bowed strings which are at-
tached to them. These sounds may 
be heard at great distances from the 
kites. 
There is much night kite flying. 
Lanterns of many colours are at-
tached to the kites, and families 
spend many evenings together watch-
ing the beautiful sight—to which the 
kite music adds much delight. Groups 
of kites at night must look a great 
deal like rainbows in the dark. 
China has lots • of split bamboo 
and many types of extra-strong light-
weight paper which are combined to 
make very sturdy yet very light 
19 
Her sisters-in-law said:— 
"YOU HAVE GLORIOUS TEETH" 
But her dentist said:— 
"YOU MUST LOSE THE LOT!" 
If your teeth are lovely now all the more reason why 
you should guard against gum trouble creeping in. 
Use two or three times a day S. R. Toothpaste which 
contains Sodium Ricinoleate, the remedy dentists use 
to strengthen gums and keep them healthy. S. R. 
Toothpaste also keeps teeth beautifully clean and white. 
PIPOTECT YOUIP TEETH 6'Y 
PROTECT/N6 YOUR C(MS 
TOOTHPASTE 
OS'R. 49.50-40 
20 
kites. Skilled artists are employed 
by wealthy persons to paint pretty 
designs on many kites. 
No one can tell exactly how old 
kite flying in China is, for its be-
ginnings have been lost in ancient 
stories. 
We know that the Arabs learned 
from the Chinese to fly kites as early 
as A.D. 869. But the Chinese most 
certainly flew them long before this 
date. Kite flying spread over Europe 
by way of the Arabs, but very, very 
slowly. There is no record of it in 
Italy until 1589, and the first word 
about it in English books goes back 
only to 1634. 
If China had had a Benjamin 
Franklin centuries ago, that land 
might have been the first leader of 
the world in scientific progress. It 
was a silk kite that enabled him to 
discover electricity, as nearly every-
one knows. 
RECIPES 
wro 
THE VITAMINS 
E
VERY cell in the body is affected 
by vitamin deficiency. Many people 
resort to pills and nostrums in order 
to get the needed vitamin requirements 
for the health and well-being of the 
body. Foods rich in these vitamins are 
better sources than pills. The HEALTH 
magazine is endeavouring to supply 
recipes to its readers that supply neces- 
sary, vital vitamins: A, 131, B1, �
C, 
and others. 
The best sources of vitamin A are 
whole milk, cream, butter or ghee, egg 
yolk, and vegetables such as carrots, 
sweet potatoes, squash and pumpkin. 
All yellow fruits such as papayas, 
mangoes, apricots and melons contain 
vitamin A. 
Vitamin B and the B complex is 
found in all the whole grain cereals, 
especially in the embryo and covering 
of the grains. Legumes such as peas, 
beans and lentils contain them in lib-
eral amounts. Milk and green leafy 
vegetables are also good sources of this 
vitamin". Ata is one of the best sources. 
Vitamin C (or ascorbic acid) is also 
one of the very essential vitamins. It 
is found abundantly in oranges; guavas, 
limes, cabbage, mustard greens, toma-
toes and sweet green peppers (capsi-
cum). Potatoes, when baked or boiled 
in the skin, also contain this vitality-
giving vitamin. The water in which po-
tatoes are boiled should never be 
thrown away but should be saved for 
soups or gravies. 
One of the world's great doctors has 
said that only under special conditions 
should it be necessary to get our vita-
mins at the chemist's shop. If a per-
son is living in a place where plenty of 
fresh fruits and vegetables are obtain-
able, with plenty of whole grain foods 
and milk, it should not be necessary to 
buy vitamin concentrates. 
Vitamin Containing Recipes 
PROTEIN NUT ROAST 
One cup walnuts, finely ground; 2 
cups bread crumbs; 1 onion grated; 2 
tablespoons oil or ghee; 2 cups rich 
milk; 1 teaspoon salt; 1 teaspoon sage; 
2 eggs, beaten. 
Fry the minced onion in the oil or 
ghee. Mix all ingredients together and 
bake in well-oiled pan until done (about 
one hour). Serve with tomato sauce. 
Serves six. 
TOMATO SAUCE 
1 clove garlic; 1 tablespoon minced 
onion; 2 tablespoons oil or ghee; 1/2 
teaspoon Marmite; 3 tablespoons 
browned flour (level); 2 cups stewed 
and sieved tomatoes; salt and a sprin-
kling of brown sugar to taste. 
Simmer the ghee, onion, garlic and 
Marmite for about five minutes. Add 
the browned flour and then the tomato 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
Cowen burtot CAJAR HALWA 
-fixer.isite whim, Inade with DALDA 
Scrape and grate finely �
lb. of 
carrots. Boil two cups of milk, 
add carrots and stir, on a low fire, 
until milk is almost absorbed. 
Add ri cups of sugar, chop* 
almonds, pistachios and raisins. 
Cook until mixture is nearly dry. 
Heat cup of Dalda, add gradu-
ally and fry until mixture is rich 
brown. Add a pinch of crushed 
cardamoms and I teaspoon of 
r
VIM NM 
••• •••• WM MS INN Min. MP OM MO /MI, 
WHAT ARE 
"PROTECTIVE" FOODS? 
Foods that combat disease. 
Write to us for interesting 
information on this matter. 
For free advice write 
today—or any day 
ITHE DALDA 
ADVISORY 
SERVICE 
P.O. BOX NO. 353.. 
BOMBAY I 
saffron diluted in water. Cook 
until Dalda separates. Serve 
halwa hot or cold- 
77.175 
puree. Let boil well, stirring all the 
time. Add sugar and salt and serve. 
SALAD BOWL 
1 small head lettuce; 2 firm ripe to-
matoes; 1 small cucumber; 4 small 
spring onions; juice of one lime; 1 table-
spoon salad oil; salt to taste and 
seasoning. 
Clean and wash the lettuce in sev-
eral waters. Shred the leaves fine. Chop 
the peeled cucumber and onions. Sprin-
kle over this the seasoned lime juice 
and oil. Place in salad bowl and top 
with tomatoes cut in quarters. 
DAL AND RICE CUTLETS 
11/2 cups cooked dal; Y4 cup cooked 
rice; 1 cup nuts ground fine; 1 table-
spoon celery, minced fine; 1 level tea-
spoon sage; 1 onion minced fine; 2 
tablespoons fat; salt to taste. 
Saute onion and celery in the fat. 
Add the other ingredients. Form into 
cutlets and roll in bread crumbs. Saute 
in oiled skillet until lightly browned 
on both sides. Serve with egg sauce. 
EGG SAUCE 
2 eggs; hard boiled and chopped; 2 
cups milk; 2 level tablespoons flour; 
2 tablespoons oil or butterfat. 
Put fat in a saucepan. Add flour 
and stir and cook until well blended. 
Add milk, stirring all the time and 
when it is boiling well add the chopped 
egg and salt to taste. 
coriander seed, ground; 1/2 inch tumeric, 
ground; 4 cloves of garlic, minced or 
ground; salt to taste. 
Take two tablespoons of fat, and put 
in a saucepan. Add the minced onion 
when fat is hot and saute for a few 
minutes. Add the mussalla and saute 
again a few minutes. Add the minced 
tomato and the coconut. Finally add the 
bringals and cook until bringals are 
tender. Stir to keep from scorching. 
SPINACH LOAF 
1 cup cooked and sieved spinach or 
any other greens such as beet greens, 
turnip greens, etc. 1/2 cup rich milk; 1 
tablespoon egg powder; 1/2 teaspoon salt. 
Mix all ingredients well: Butter a 
baking dish or custard cups; fill with 
the mixture and bake fifteen or twenty 
minutes in hot oven. Serve hot. Serves 
two. 
COCONUT PUMPKIN PIE 
1 cup brown sugar or gur; 3/4 tea-
spoon cinnamon (ground); 1/2 teaspoon 
grated nutmeg; Y4 teaspoon salt; 11/2 
cups pumpkin, cooked and mashed; 1% 
cups rich milk; 3 eggs; �
cup coconut, 
deSsicated or scraped. 
Mix spice with sugar and salt. Add 
the egg, pumpkin, and milk and beat 
well. Pour into an unbaked pie crust 
and sprinkle with coconut. Bake in hot 
oven until the coconut is delicately 
browned and the custard is set. Serves 
four. 
PIE CRUST FOR ONE PIE 
1 cup ata or whole wheat flour; 1/2 
cup white flour; 34 teaspoon salt; 'A 
cup ghee or oil (very cold); 3 table-
spoons cold water. Mix all together and 
roll out or pat into pie pan. Fill with 
custard and bake. 
TASTY PURRIES 
2 cups ata, sifted; 2 cups mashed po-
tatoes, hot; salt to, taste. 
Mix ata (whole wheat flour) with 
the hot mashed potatoes, knead well, 
divide dough into eighteen equal parts 
and roll out very thin. Cook in deep fat 
until light brown and puffed. (Cook 
only one purry at a time). Serve with 
your favourite curry and curds. 
BRINGAL CURRY 
4 medium sized bringals, cut in 
pieces; .1 tomato, minced; 1 tablespoon 
green coriander, chopped; 1 onion, 
minced; 1/2 ground coconut; 1 teaspoon 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
oRKS 470ND00 
*How to make your Brass and 
Copper sparkle brilliantly 
1 Shake Brasso well and apply a thin smear 
all over the dirty brass. 
2 Leave until absolutely dry. 
3 Polish with a clean cloth. ( For engraved 
or ornamental work use a brush ). 
IIILANTIS (EM) ITS. tell CHETLA Meet, catCOTTA 
22 
THE 
DOCTOR 
SAYS 
am fifty-five years old ind a strict 
vegetarian. I will be very grateful for 
your suggestions regarding treatment." 
Ans.—(1) Arthritis is a painful af-
fliction of the joints. It may be due to 
any one of several causes and each type 
requires varied treatment. Therefore, 
you should consult a competent physi-
cian for a thorough examination. Only 
a few cases of arthritis can be cured. 
Many can be greatly relieved by 
modern treatment. (2) A careful dia-
betic may live just as long and useful 
a life as a normal person. The main 
characteristic of a diabetic diet is that 
it is low in cereals and sugar is forbid-
den while it is quite liberal in vege-
tables, milk, leaves and ghee. Daily you 
should take: 1. Two glasses of milk 
(boiled). 2. One egg (or more milk or 
curds). 3. One serving of leafy vege-
tables. 4. Three servings of other vege- 
tables except potatoes. 5. One citrus 
fruit. 6. Wheat or other whole grain 
cereal prepared any way you like. 
Limit this to about half or one-third 
the amount you usually take. 7. Ghee 
may be taken freely. 8. Dal. Au occa-
sibnal plantain or papaya or Sapota will 
not be harmful but one should avoid all 
cakes, sweets, sweet drinks and puddings, 
sugar, honey or syrup. If Tou have a 
question about any specific fcod not 
forbidden or not mentioned here, ask 
your doctor. And if your doctor sug-
gests an alteration, of this diet, by all 
means follow his suggestions, for he 
knows much more about your personal 
case than we do. 
9 
ASTHMA: *Ques.—"I am one of your 
members and have been, suffering from 
bronchial asthma for four years. Every 
night I have an attack of coughing 
with expectoration. A wheezing noise 
also comes from my chest. Kindly ad-
vise me concerning medicine and 
hygienic treatment or diet." 
Ans.—Asthma may be divided into 
three main groups according to its 
cause. Group one includes a large per-
centage of cases and this type is caused 
ny sensitivity to some substance in the 
environment, such as horse dandruff or 
the dust from a feather pillow or 
article of diet such as tomatoes or 
strawberries. The treatment of this 
type of case depends upon the detec-
tion and removal or desensitization to 
the offending substance. Many patients 
can tell the doctor fairly accurately 
to which substances ttey are sensitive. 
Sometimes the substances can be located 
by means of skin tests with various 
articles. These tests can be done by an 
allergist for he is the type of doctor 
who specializes in the treatment of 
asthma. Group two includes those cases 
whose asthma is due to some infection 
within their own body. Ofttimes an in-
fected sinus or infection in the lungs is 
complicated by asthma. Sometimes 
some more distant infection in the 
teeth or gall bladder is responsible. 
Group three includes all other cases of 
asthma due to any and all other causes. 
Most asthmatic persons should be under 
a doctor's care. It is unfortunately true 
that only a small percentage can be 
cured. However, about sixty-five per 
cent can be relieved by modern treat-
ment. It is hoped that some suitable 
remedy may be found for the remain-
ing thirty-five per cent. 
TRACHOMA: 
Ques.—"My 
brother 
aged forty-six years has been suffering 
from trachoma. Since he read in your 
li DIALTH magazine that trachoma leads 
to blindness, he wishes to die. Is there no 
way of preventing blindness? Your help 
in this matter will be greatly appre-
ciated." 
Ans.—Trachoma is a disease caused 
by a filtrable virus. It produces granu-
lations on the inside of the eyelids. 
These granulations cause irritation of 
the cornea and this constant irritation 
often leads eventually to blindness. For 
this reason anyone who has trachoma 
or even suspects that he has trachoma 
should go to a competent physician at 
once for examination and treatment. 
Treatment is somewhat uncomfortable 
and requires several weeks, but it is 
necessary if one is to preserve one's 
eyesight. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
ARTHRITIS AND DIABETES: Ques. 
—"(1) I have ' been suffering from ar-
thritis of the right hand and shoulder 
and as a result of this complaint can-
not place my hand in my pocket or 
raise it straight up. A doctor gave me 
one or two injections and also oral 
medicine which I continued to take 
for twelve days, but I became disap-
pointed and gave up the treatment. I 
then took to Indian Ayurvedic treat-
ment but the physician gave such 
strong medicine to produce heat in my 
body that my eyes became red and I 
passed blood in my urine. I discarded 
this treatment and took homeopathic 
treatment but still find no relief. What 
shall I do? (2) I am a diabetic patient 
and have been on a restricted diet of 
non-starchy foods but still have pain 
and pass large amounts of urine. I am 
greatly disturbed over my condition. I 
This question and answer 
,ervice, free only to sub-
.cribers, is intended for gen-
eral information. No at-
tempt will be made to treat 
disease or to take the place 
of a regular physician. In 
special cases, where a per-
sonal reply is desired or 
necessary, it will be given if 
a stamped addressed envelope 
accompanies the question. 
We reserve the right to pub-
lish the answers to any ques-
tions sent in, if we deem 
them beneficial to our read-
ers, though no names will be 
published. Address the As-
sociate Editor (Doctor Says) 
"Health," Post Box 35, 
Poona 1, and make questions 
short and to the point. 
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23 
D.P.S. 48/8 
PERSISTENT ECZEMA: Ques.—"I 
am in my forty-fifth year and have 
been suffering from an unknown and 
incurable disease for the last twelve 
years. The local doctors call it "ecze-
ma." There seems to be no cure for it 
as I have obtained only temporary and 
partial relief from their treatments. 
The affected areas first develop a small 
red rash of the prickly heat type, 
which burn and itch. Then in about 
twelve or forty-eight hours the rash 
forms into small blisters full of fluid 
and the smarting and itching increases 
in intensity. When these burst the area 
begins to weep and it is months before 
they finally heal. When they do heal 
this trouble moves to some other part 
of my body. The discharge from these 
sores is highly infectious and infects 
whatever part of my body with which 
it comes into contact. If there are any 
really good skin specialists in India, 
kindly give me their address." 
Ans.—"You are to be complimented 
upon the acuteness and detail with 
which you have described your condi-
tion. Apparently you have a very resis-
tent case of eczema. Have any of the 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
pathologists you consulted cultured the 
fluid or skin scrapings for fungus/ 
Have yon noticed any tendency of this 
condition to be worse after you have 
handled any particular object or sub-
stance? I do not know the names of 
the skin specialists in your area but 
suggest you apply to the medical school 
there or to the secretary of the medi-
cal society for information as to whom 
you should consult. 
LACK OF GROWTH; FAINTING 
FITS: Ques.—"(1) My son is twenty-
one years old and his height is only 4' 
11". Can you let me know of any meth-
od by which he can increase his height 
by a few inches? What is your opinion 
about the Ross System or any other 
system of exercise? (2) He does not 
suffer from fever or weakness but 116 
has a constant predisposition to catch 
cold and sometimes he has fainting fits, 
perhaps one a year or one in Two years. 
Can you suggest any remedy for this?" 
Ans.— (1) 
The normal period of 
growth is from birth until the 
eighteenth or twentieth year. After that 
the possibility of increasing one's height 
is nil, notwithstanding all the adver-
tisements to the contrary. One cannot 
hope to be much taller than one's 
parents and attempts to grow to six 
feet when one's father was only five 
feet tall often upset the balance nature 
placed in one's body. Many sons, how-
ever, as a result of better food than 
their fathers had, do grow to be two or 
three inches taller than their short 
parents. The main thing for a boy or 
girl in their early teens is to live a 
healthful life, get at least eight hours 
sleep nightly, exercise one hour each 
day in the open air, eat a well-balanced 
diet including plenty of vegetables, 
fruits, dal, milk, and whole-grain cereals. 
Between the ages of thirteen and 
seventeen there is usually a rather 
rapid gain in height. If a youth does 
not show signs of attaining adult 
stature by his sixteenth year he should 
consult a physician for thorough exami-
nation and possible treatment. (2) Con- 
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your doctor about the cause and treat-
ment as it. is impossible to diagnose 
and treat by mail. 
7 
SHINGLES: Ques.—"I have been 
suffering from shingles since last 
October and have had two doetors in 
attendance and also a specialist, but all 
the latter could suggest was ultra-
violet ray treatment. This treatment 
has had no effect upon my ailmi-nt, and 
I have continual pain, and terrible 
backache. Is an operation necessary 
for me to obtain relief from my trou-
ble? I will be very grateful for your 
advice." 
Ans.—Shingles is a painful disease 
affecting the nerve trunks. It is caused 
by a specific filtrable virus. The treat-
ment is always towards relieving the 
pain, for the disease is self-limiting and 
will disappear of itself. No operation is 
necessary. You should consult a compe-
tent physician for treatment as it is 
impossible to prescribe and treat by 
nail. 
9 
INFANTILE PARALYSES: Ques.—
"Could you let me know if any relief 
or treatment is possible for a victim 
of infantile paralysis? The boy for 
whom I ask this information ham• been 
treated by several specialists in India 
with no appreciable success. If you can 
give me information of some treatment 
in India or abroad I shall be much 
obliged." 
Ans.—I presume that the boy re-
ferred to has recovered from the acute 
phase of infantile paralysis and has 
some residual paralysis. In Anurica the 
most widely known centre for treat- 
ment of these cases is at the National 
Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, 
Warns Springs, Georgia, U. S.' A. 
I 
would suggest that you write directly 
to them as they may be able to aid 
you in contacting a centre in this 
country. 
LACK OF APPETITE: Ques.—"My 
t wo-year- old granddaughter has no 
inclination to eat. She is fed on milk 
and rice conjee. She shows a desire to 
eat, but when the food is placed in her 
mouth she ejects it again. What can 1 
do to improve her appetite and thereby 
aid her development 1" 
Ans.—I infer from your letter that 
your two-year-old is not eating what is 
put in front of her but is getting enough 
food at other times to keep her from 
losing weight, but not enough to cause 
her to grow properly. There are a few 
general principles to follow: (1) Estab-
lish definite meal times (three or four 
daily) and allow nothing except water 
between meals. (2) A youngster of two 
years old should be getting snore than 
milk and conjee. She should he eating 
rice and other grains as porridge, all 
vegetables except cabbage, and she 
should be eating dal, curds, fruits and 
eggs. (3) Anyone under three 3tars of 
age should not be allowed cakes, sweets 
or puddings, for they will get their 
energy requirements from these and not 
eat enough vegetables, fruits and grains 
to give them sufficient vitamins and 
minerals to maintain good health. 
An outline diet for a two- to four-
year-old: 
8 a. m. First meal: Fruit, rice or other 
cereal, milk 6 oz. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
CORN PRODUCTS CO. (INDIA) LIMITED. 
P. O. BOIL 994. BOMBAY 
11 a. m. Nourishment, orange juice. 
1 p.m. Second meal: Rice or potato,, 
dal, green or yellow vegetable, milk 6 oz. 
4 p. m. Nourishment, milk 6 oz. 
6 p.m. Third meal: Wheat or pota- 
toes, curd, vegetable, fruit, milk 6 oz. 
If the youngster has been on no such 
schedule, there will be considerable fric-
tion in getting her used to the idea. 
There are occasional times when even a 
well child does not eat as much at one 
or two meals as its mother or nurse 
thinks it should, but the child usually 
makes up for it in the next few meals. 
tr''r#'144 
DUNLOP 
If the child persistently refuses food 
and there is loss of weight or other 
signs of illness, a doctor should be con-
stil ted. 
FREQUENT URINATION; PAINFUL 
BOWEL EVACUATION; LOSS OF 
WEIGHT: Ques.—"(1) I have recently 
begun to urinate many more times than 
a normal person should do in twenty-
four hours, and each time the urine 
passed has been a normal amount. Please 
tell me the cause of this frequent urina-
tion. (2) With every bowel movement 
I suffer great pain in my legs. What is 
the reason? (3) I am losing weight and 
would be happy if you would tell me 
what treatment and diet to take." 
Ans.—(1) Frequency of urination may 
be due to diabetes, or cystitis, or to 
kidney disease. You should have a 
thorough physical examination and a 
chemical and microscopic examination 
of the urine. (2) The pain on passage of 
stool may be due to amcebiasis or to 
some infection about the anus. You 
should have your stool examined micro- 
scopically to detect any parasites you 
may have. (3) In order to gain weight 
one must take in more food than the 
body actually needs to maintain itself. 
This can best be done by taking larger 
quantities of food at the regular meals 
and by taking extra food, say at 
tea-time orjust before bed-time. Hot 
Ovaltine made with milk is excellent 
fur these times. It may be accompanied 
by a few biscuits or cakes if one 
desires. The foods which give the most 
energy for the amount of food taken 
are, first, the fats—ghee, butter and the 
various oils, nuts of all types. then 
whole grain cereals, dais, potatoes, 
grams and carrots. Bananas, sweet 
oranges, other vegetables, roots and 
fruits should not be left out but most 
of them do not give as much food 
energy per volume of food as tita above 
mentioned things. Lead a very regular 
life; omit tea, coffee, alcohol and tobac-
co; take moderate exercise every day 
and get plenty of sleep. Often an. extra 
hour of sleep every day is enough to 
bring about a gain in weight. 
If no gain occurs after two weeks, 
one should consult a physician as there 
may be some physical illness which 
prevents you from gaining. 
9 
UNACCOUNTABLE PAIN: Ques.—"I 
would be happy for your personal advice 
regarding the severe pain I have had 
in my right hand for the past four 
months. This pain is very severe at 
certain times (involving the ulna nerve), 
and I have a dull pain all the time. A 
skin test was taken and the results 
were negative. The trouble appears to 
have started after a slight injury to the 
third finger of that hand, with the pain 
gradually working to the base of the 
palm. I am at present being treated by 
means of intravenous injections, but the 
condition has not improved." 
Ans.—From the details you give I 
cannot tell very much about the cause 
of your pain. Your doctor apparently 
suspected leprosy at first and has elim-
inated that by taking a skin biopsy. 
The next most likely possibility is 
neuritis and he is giving you tuitalap 
injections. There are, of course. oth,ti‘.„, 
conditions which may cause the pain, 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
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z 
(If possible please send a wrapper) 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN 
AND HERALD OF 
ELE 
FOR HEALTH,HOHE AND HAPPINESS 
Vol. 25, No. 7 �
POONA �July 1948 
Published Monthly by 
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but if any of them appeared to your 
doctor to be the cause of the pain, he 
would undoubtedly treat you for that. 
Neuritis is often a rather persistent 
condition in spite of our improved 
modern methods of treatment, so do 
not become discouraged too early. 
DESIRED INCREASE IN HEIGHT: 
Ques.—"My son is twenty years old and 
is only five feet tall. He is quite healthy 
but I would very much like to have his 
height increased. You have often men-
tioned that the various advertised 
medicines for this purpose are useless. 
Kindly tell me whether the advertised 
systems of exercise would be effective 
in promoting my son's growth, and if 
so, which system should he follow?" 
Ans.—The normal period of growth is 
from birth until the eighteenth or 
twentieth year. After that the possibil-
ity of increasing one's height is nil. 
26 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, Junv 1948 
Mummie Knows 
BUILDS 
BONNIE 
BABIES 
"BUT WHEN I START GROWING . . . 
I need something a bit more solid." To 
all Glaxo babies, ibis means Glaxo mixed with Farex. Farex is 
eke natural suppllarson to a milk diet and is generally indicated at 
about 3 months. A fret tasting sample will be supplied on request; 
write to H. J. Foster & Co., Ltd., P.O. Box sox, Bombo. 
Sole Representatives for India 
H. J. FOSTER & CO., LTD., BOMBAY. CALCUTTA, MADRAS 
notwithstanding all the advertisements 
to the contrary. One cannot hop? to be 
much taller than one's parents, and 
attempts to grow to six feet when one's 
father was only five feet tall, often 
upset the balance nature placed in one's 
body. Many sons, however, as a result 
of better food than their fathers had, do 
grow to be two or three inches taller 
than their short parents. Since your 
son is just at the age when growth 
usually stops, you should take him to 
the best doctor in your area for an 
examination to determine whether it is 
possible for him to grow any more. 
CHOLERA. TYPHOID AND P1 AGUE 
GERMS: Ques.—"Please inform me how 
long cholera and typhoid germs live in 
water, milk, ice, clothing, metals; etc. 
Also kindly give a good account of 
plague and its prevention." 
Ans.—The germs of both cholera and 
typhoid can exist in water, ice and milk 
for several months. On surfaces where 
they become dry quickly they do not 
persist so long. Their length of life de-
pends on individual conditions such as 
humidity, temperature, etc. Plague is 
primarily a disease of rats and other 
small animals. It is transferred to man 
by the bite of an infected rat flea, and 
may be communicated directly from 
man to man by coming in contact with 
infected secretions or excretions of an 
infected case. Often an outbreak of 
plague is preceded by a noticeable in-
crease in the number of dead rats seen 
in a locality. Plague may be of several 
types: the bubonic, in which there are 
swellings in the groin, axilla or neck; 
pneumonic, in which the patient develops 
a severe pneumonia and expectorates 
bright red sputum; or septicEemic, in 
which the patient becomes unconscious 
or delirious very early. This is usually 
rapidly fatal. All of these types of 
plague are caused by the same germ, and 
all of them have a sudden onset with 
rapidly rising fever, chills, headache and 
backache. Anyone who suspects that he 
may have plague should call a doctor 
immediately. There is a fairly effective 
immunization procedure which gives 
protection against the disease for a few 
months. This is recommended whenever 
there is plague in one's locality and is 
especially recommended for workers 
treating or caring for plague patients. 
DISCHARGING EAR: Ques.—"Front 
my ears flows a liquid substance. \ h.i 
is the remedy for it ?" 
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Ans.—This condition is caused from 
an infection in the middle ear which is 
draining through a perforation in the 
eardrum. There are several different 
ways of treating this condition, but you 
will find that it will tend to recur every 
time you get a cold. One of the simplest 
and most effective treatments in my 
hands has been the use of sulfanilamide, 
methylated spirits, and boracic acid 
solution in a mixture to be dropped into 
the ear. This should be used three times 
a day. The medicine evaporates leaving 
the crystals of sulfanilamide and boracic 
acid in the ear. It is usually better if 
no effort is made to clean out the pus 
from the ear. The prescription is as fol-
lows: sulfanilamide 1/2 dram, dissolved 
in 2 ounces of saturated solution of 
boracic acid. Then add 2 ounces of 
ordinary methylated spirits. 
1§§11.
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THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
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ORIENTAL WATCHMAN 
JULY �
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1948 
HISTORY'S MYSTERY 
O
NE of the greatest mysteries ever 
to puzzle historians is why a 
highly civilized continent like Eu-
rope, with so much to gain from 
unity of its many diverse nations, has 
continued divided from the day the 
Roman Empire collapsed in A.D. 
476. 
The question was raised again in 
the Times literary supplement of 
December 28, 1946. 
"How has the continent of Europe 
escaped, political unification?" asks 
the author. "Everything in Europe 
seems to call for it; everything, that 
is, except the temperament and tradi-
tions of its peoples. More uniform 
in climate than China, less diverse 
in religion than India, less diverse in 
race than the United States of Amer-
ica, Europe has had for centuries a 
single culture and a common social 
structure. Landowner and peasant, 
merchant and banker, factory owner 
and factory worker, artist and schol-
ar, would nowhere find themselves 
in an alien world in moving from 
one part of the continent to another. 
. . For a thousand years men have 
dreamed of European union; yet for 
a thousand years this most uniform 
of continents has defied political 
unification." (Italics ours.) 
In Hitler's attempt to domi-
nate the continent, this author sees "a 
perverse aping of an earlier French 
achievement," but adds this signifi-
cant statement: "Yet in the Napole-
onic Empire, too, appear the defects 
—one is tempted to say the inevitable 
defects—of attempting to force Eu-
rope into a single political mould." 
Napoleon, he reminds us, once de-
fined his imperial aims thus: "I must 
have a European code, a European 
Court of Cassation, a common coin-
age, common weights and measures, 
and common laws; I have to make 
of all the peoples of Europe one 
single people, and of Paris the 
capital of the world." 
But Napoleon failed. 
"Europe could not be brought to-
gether by destruction and by the rule 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
A. S. MAXWELL 
of a single people, either in Napole-
on's time or in Hitler's." 
Again: "Europe could not be 
united on a revolutionary pro-
gramme; that was the lesson of the 
failure of Napoleon. Europe could 
not be united on a conservative pro-
gramme; that was the lesson of the 
failure of Metternich and Gentz. Eu-
rope prized diversity." 
That Europe should be united is 
generally admitted; but how? The 
author lamely suggests that the way 
out is for England and Russia to get 
together on a basis of "lasting co-
operation." As though some such al-
liance could succeed where all others 
have failed through fourteen tumul-
tuous centuries! 
Thus the mystery remains—and 
will remain for all who are unaware 
of the Bible prediction regarding Eu-
rope's destiny. 
Six hundred years before Christ 
the future history of the world was 
outlined by the prophet Daniel to 
Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. 
Interpreting the king's dream of a 
metallic image, he told how there 
would be a sequence of four univer- 
sal empires—Babylon, Medo-Persia, 
Greece, and Rome—but that after 
Rome fell there would only be divi-
sion and dissension until the setting 
up of God's everlasting kingdom. 
His most important words were 
these: "They shall not cleave one to 
another, even as iron is not mixed 
with clay." Daniel 2:43. 
These words are the solution of the 
mystery. They tell why Europe has 
defied all efforts at unification. If 
Europe ever should be united, either 
by military or peaceful methods, the 
prophecy would be broken. And this 
could not be, for "the grass withereth, 
the flower fadeth: but the word of 
our God shall stand for ever." 
Isaiah 40:8. 
Strong, ambitious, daring men 
have tried again and again to bring 
Europe under one ruler—yet all have 
failed. So it will happen again, 
should any further efforts be made to 
achieve this purpose. Every such 
plan will have "inevitable defects." 
For some divine purpose God has 
decreed that the nations of Europe 
"shall not cleave one to another." 
So they will not cleave; now, or ever. 
1 
...0~4.06WW..../.."0.0.0010.0.0.0.0~0.10W.WW.
••••• 
 
ROY F. COTTRELL 
M
AN may narrate history, corn-
pose poetry, enact laws, pro-
duce systems of ethics; but the wisest 
cannot tell what a day will bring 
forth or what will occur in the 
unborn years and centuries to come. 
Only the Infinite can positively and 
definitely foretell the future; and the 
Bible alone presents an authentic, 
dependable programme of coming 
events. There was no careless, 
clumsy guess-work; for the pro-
phecies are a vital; carefully planned 
part of the great Book; and the 
whole world is invited to study, test 
and verify the divine forecasts. 
"I am God, and there is none else; 
I am God, and there is none like Me, 
declaring the end from the begin-
ning, and from ancient times the 
things that are not yet done, saying, 
My counsel shall stand, and I will 
do all My pleasure." Isaiah 46:9, 
10. 
In all the libraries and languages 
of earth, the Bible holds a unique 
place. It claims to possess the only 
certified outline of coming events. 
Let this, too, be emphasized, that no 
other book in the world has stood the 
test of specific prophecies. 
"Produce your cause, saith the 
Lord; bring forth your strong 
reasons, saith the King of Jacob. Let 
them bring them forth, and show us 
what shall happen:... declare us 
things for to come. Show the things 
that are to come hereafter, that we 
may know that ye are gods." Isaiah 
41 :21-23. 
The Word of God places fulfilled 
prophecy above all other external 
evidence of its inspiration. Even 
Christ based His claim to Messiah-
ship upon the fulfilment of His 
Word. "I tell you before it come," 
He declared, "that, when it is come 
to pass, ye may believe that I am 
He. John 13:19. Again and again 
the prophets of old summoned un-
believers to face this crucial test. 
And today Holy Writ calls upon the 
peoples of earth to study its pre-
dictions and be convinced cf their 
truthfulness. 
"Have I not declared unto thee of 
old, and showed it? And ye are My 
witnesses." Isaiah 44:8, R. V. "Des-
pise not prophesyings. Prove all 
things; hold fast that which is good." 
1 Thessalonians 5:20, 21. 
2 
In this emphatic language the 
Bible challenges the entire world to 
watch the unfolding scroll of pro-
phecy as it merges into history. It 
invites the wise man to duplicate the 
feat, and write history in advance; 
but no one accepts the challenge. 
Among pagan oracles of antiquity, 
the one at Delphi attained the greatest 
celebrity. In some instances the voice 
of the oracle contained wholesome 
advice; but most of the utterances 
that dealt with the future were ob-
scure and ingeniously worded to 
accord with any turn of events. For 
instance, when Crcesus of Lydia sent 
to ask if he should undertake a 
military expedition against Cyrus of 
Persia, he was told that by so doing 
he "would destroy a great empire.' 
He truly did; but the empire de-
stroyed was his own. 
The prophecies of Scripture are 
not adroitly and enigmatically 
fashioned after any human pattern. 
The Bible speaks as definitely of the 
future as historians do of the past, 
and foretells coming events "with the 
sure, luminous strokes of infinite 
knowledge." The prophets were con-
fident and fearless in their predic-
tions of coming events, and made no 
provision for failure or retreat. If 
the event foretold bad not occurred, 
the spokesman would have been 
utterly discredited and disgraced, 
for his statements were so definite 
and absolute that no explanation 
would avail. 
The Scriptures contain approxi-
mately one thousand prophecies, 
eight hundred of which are recorded 
in the Old Testament. Many of these 
have been minutely fulfilled in the 
subsequent annals of the church, and 
in the rise and fall of empires. Some 
are today crystallizing into history, 
while others apply to the coming 
judgment and the future homeland 
of the redeemed. Of the entire num-
ber, not one failure can be pointed 
out. Some have been misinterpreted 
and misapplied, but no prophecy of 
the great Book has miscarried or 
failed. 
Visiting the ancient lands of Bible 
story, and recalling some of the di-
vine predictions given in the long 
ago, we are astonished at the strik-
ing fulfilment. From remotest an-
tiquity Egypt has appropriately been 
designated "the gift of the Nile." 
About the delta and in the ex-
tremely long, narrow, fertile river 
valley, the descendants of Ham chose 
for themselves a home, and estab• 
lished a civilization that has elicited 
the wonder and admiration of all 
subsequent generations. 
When Abraham visited Egypt, he 
not only saw a highly developed 
agriculture, but he found a people 
who wrote history, romance and 
poetry; who had considerable 
knowledge of medicine and chemis-
try; who possessed unsurpassed 
skill in the manufacture of glass 
and in the embalming of the dead; 
who had made much progress in 
higher mathematics and astronomy; 
and whose colossal monuments and 
triumphs of art then perfected have 
for four millenniums withstood the 
ravages of the elements and the 
vandalism of mankind. 
Egypt's well-organized army car-
ried its triumphs to lands afar. 
Descriptive of their ancient capital, 
Thebes, these picturesque lines have 
been preserved for us: 
"The world's great empress on the 
Egyptian plain, 
That spreads her conquests o'er a 
thousand states, 
And pours her heroes through a 
hundred gates, 
Two hundred horsemen, and two 
hundred cars, 
From each wide portal issuing to 
the wars." 
Egypt proper was said to contain 
eighteen thousand cities and towns, 
and seventeen million inhabitants. 
Practically surrounded by seas or 
desert wastes, the most easily de-
fended country in all the world, able 
to repel with her powerful navy any 
hostile fleet or to drown an invading 
army by opening the dikes about the 
delta, Egypt anticipated no prospect 
that she would be invaded, despoiled, 
and doomed to perpetual servitude 
at the hands of strangers. And what 
mere man would have risked his re- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
PROPHE( 
OUR 
 
 
desses were almost innumerable, and 
many animals were the objects of 
worship. But what a change! Under 
Mohammedanism and nominal Cop-
tic Christianity, no images of any 
description are to be found, nor have 
they been tolerated in the country 
for more than twelve hundred years. 
Another singular prediction of the 
old Book declared: "The paper reeds 
by the brooks, by the mouth of the 
brooks, and everything sown by the 
brooks, shall wither, be driven away, 
and be no more." Isaiah 19:7. From 
the paper reeds of the Nile delta the 
Egyptians manufactured the famous 
papyrus—the tough, durable writing 
paper of antiquity. Our words 
"Bible" and "paper" are both clearly 
derived from the Greek names of this 
Egyptian plant, biblos and papyros. 
Although it formerly grew in such 
abundance, this reed has entirely dis-
appeared from Egypt, and is now 
found in only a few isolated dis-
tricts of the world. 
God makes no mistakes, and Bible 
prophecy commits no blunders. Hu-
man imagination would never have 
pictured such a complete eclipse of 
Egyptian culture and civilization, or 
so tragic a downfall of the country 
that was justly renowned as "the 
granary of the world." 
Let us turn to the country of Pales-
tine. At the time of its conquest and 
occupation by the Hebrew people in 
the fifteenth century B.C., it was 
declared to be "an exceeding good 
land" (Numbers 14:7), a "land 
flowing with milk and honey" (Exo-
dus 3:8 and elsewhere). On condi-
tion of obedience, God gave to Israel 
the promise of great national pros-
perity; but, declared the divine 
Spokesman, "If ye will not for all 
this hearken unto Me, but walk con-
trary; ... I will make your cities 
waste, and bring your sanctuaries 
unto desolation:... and your enemies 
which dwell therein shall be aston-
ished." Leviticus 26:27-32. "So that 
the generation to come of your chil-
dren that shall rise up after you, and 
the stranger that shall come from a 
far land, shall say, when they see 
the plagues of that land, and the sick-
nesses which the Lord hath laid up-
on it; and that the whole land 
thereof is brimstone, and salt, and 
burning, that it is not sown, nor 
beareth, nor any grass groweth there-
in:... even all nations shall say, 
Wherefore bath the Lord done thus 
unto this land? What meaneth the 
heat of this great anger? Then men 
shall say, Because they have for- 
saken the convenant of the Lord God 
of their fathers, which He made with 
them when He brought them forth 
out of the land of Egypt." Deutero-
nomy 29:22-25. 
Tragic to relate, the chosen people 
kept not the convenant. For long 
centuries their beloved country be-
came the scene of war and chaos. The 
conquerors broke down the cities, 
denuded the hills and mountains of 
forests and vegetation, and impover-
ished the once fertile soil until 
throughout large sections of the Holy 
Land the traveller sees little save 
ancient ruins and desert wastes. In 
recent years modern methods of 
agriculture have again demonstrated 
that the ground of old Canaan is 
capable of producing delicious fruit 
and luxuriant harvests, as of olden 
time. 
For many centuries Egypt and 
Palestine have stood as notable 
witnesses to the marvellous fore-
knowledge of God. In these para-
graphs we have but touched the 
fringe of Bible prophecy. Hundreds 
of other divine predictions, definite 
and literal, have outlined the future 
of nations, countries, cities and re-
ligions; and the march of world 
events during the past three thou-
sand years constitutes a remarkable 
response of history to the unerring 
voice of prophecy. 
( SPEAKS 
s.
Nt 
TIME 
 
putation to foretell so complete a 
collapse of Egyptian culture and 
greatness? 
But consider the facts. While the 
country was still prosperous, the 
Most High declared: "Egypt is like 
a very fair heifer, but destruction 
cometh; it cometh out of the north." 
Jeremiah 46:20. And again, "There 
shall be no more a prince of the land 
of Egypt." Ezekiel 30:13. Soon 
after these words were spoken, Egypt 
was forced to acknowledge the su-
premacy of Babylonia, and has since 
passed successively beneath the 
odious sway of Persia, Grecia, Rome, 
the Saracens, the Turks and Great 
, Britain. True to the divine forecast, 
twenty-three centuries have now 
passed without a native prince's be-
ing seated upon the throne of the 
Pharaohs. Even the present king, 
Farouk I, is of the Albanian race. 
During the twenty-first dynasty of 
ancient Egyptian kings, Tanis, or 
Zoan, became the national capital, 
and continued as a great commercial 
centre until it was finally superseded 
by the new city of Alexandria. While 
this metropolis was still in its glory, 
the divine ed;ct was pronounced: "I 
... will set fire in Zoan." Ezekiel 
30:14. History tells little of the fate 
that overtook the once-luxurious 
capital; but the spade of the archze-
ologist, unearthing palaces, temples 
and private dwellings constructed in 
genuine Pompeian style, reveals the 
havoc wrought by fire in practically 
every district of this old imperial 
city. 
"Thus saith the Lord God; I will 
also destroy the idols, and I will 
cause their images to cease out of 
Noph [Memphis]." Ezekiel 30:13. 
As the curtain rose upon Egyptian 
history, princes and people were 
intensely idolatrous. Gods and god- 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948 
Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem. 
3 
No Nation 
Nation 
Will Escape 
the Final 
Destruction. 
4 
TWO PROPHECIES 
OF GERMANY 
MARIAN M. }LAY 
A
S WE read of the chaos and 
destruction, both material and 
moral, that have overspread Ger-
many we are reminded of two 
prophecies made by Germans which 
have met their fulfilment in this 
latest war and its aftermath. The 
first was written over a hundred 
years ago by the poet Heine, who 
pictured the consequences if the 
German people returned to pagan-
ism: "One day our national philoso-
phers will be more terrible through 
being allied with certain elemental 
forces in our nature. They will call 
on the old German gods. They will 
conjure up our inherent lust for 
battle.... Christianity rendered a 
great service by restraining that 
German lust for war.... It did not 
destroy it: One day you will see the 
cross broken, and all the savagery Df 
our ancient warriors resurrected. The 
cross is a very brittle emblem, after 
all. One day it will be shattered.... 
Be you 'ware of those days. neigh-
bour people." 
The second prophecy was made by 
Luther, four hundred years ago 
when he foretold the terrible destruc-
tion that would be visited upon Ger-
many in revenge for her crimes. It 
is quoted in a new book by a prom-
inent Lutheran minister. Edmund 
Schlink. "Die Gnade in Gottes Ge-
richt." ("God's Mercy in His Judg-
ment.") Authorities agree that this 
prophecy of Luther's is authentic. It 
reads like that of an eye-witness: 
"There will come a dreadful 
Military Might 
and Statesmanship 
Do Not Prevent 
Destruction When 
God Has Spoken. 
manifestation of revenge upon Ger-
many—a revenge so terrific that it is 
beyond the imagination of the heart 
of man.... The Lord will remove 
His gospel from Germany and at that 
time Germany will know only 
hunger, strife, pestilence, and bloody 
cruelties. When that day comes the 
desolation of Germany will be so 
outstanding and complete that people 
will say, 'This locality is the place 
where Germany once was.' Because 
of ingratitude towards God, Germany 
will become heaps of rubble.... 
"The same fate will overtake Ger-
many that came upon the Jews and 
Jerusalem, or upon Greece and 
Turkey. Germany will be sacked in 
the same way as the Goths destroyed 
Rome, and all of this will come upon 
Germany because they have not 
known the time of their visitation 
when the Lord wanted by His Word 
to take possession of the people.... 
Even if there were at that time ten 
men as mighty in faith as Moses to 
pray for Germany, it will not help. 
I feel this when I pray for my be-
loved Germany." 
Edmund Schlink believes that the 
present sufferings of Germany are 
in retribution for the return to 
pagcnism on the part of so many of 
the people, and for their blind faith 
in Hitler. He says: 
"The breakdown of Germany is 
not merely the work of man but the 
work of the Lord. He has not only 
permitted it; He has done it. He has 
smashed the proud plans of men and 
the vain boasting concerning Nazi 
Germany lasting 1,000 years. 
In the solemnizing view of what 
has befallen Germany it is not for 
us to sit back in smug self-righteous. 
ness and feel that we have been 
spared because of our goodness. 
God's standard of truth and goodness 
is eternal and unchanging. He is no 
respecter of persons. To nations as 
well as to men is the warning given: 
"Be not deceived; God is not 
mocked: for whatsoever a man 
soweth, that shall he also reap." 
Galatians 6:7. 
The fate of Nazi Germany, and of 
all other God-defying, man-enslav-
ing powers is but a faint picture of 
the destruction that will finally be 
meted out to an impenitent world. 
in view of the lurking evils that 
prevail in our society today, the 
warning of Jesus comes: "Except ye 
repent, ye shall all likewise perish." 
We may accept the abundant pro-
vision that God has made in the 
gospel for our salvation, and spread 
the good news to all within the 
sphere of our influence, that many 
might be saved from the impending 
destruction. 
THE ORIENTAL WATCHMAN, JULY 1948