IS AMERICA IN DANGER OF INVASION? see Pa3e
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THE WATCHMAN
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THE WATCHMAN
Yol. XXV
FEBRUARY, 1916
No. 2
Published Monthly by the Southern Publishing Association, Nashville, Tenn.
Editor
L. A. Smith
Editorial Contributors
I. H. Evans	P. T. Magan
W. A. Spicer	C. B. Haynes
CONTENTS
Poetry
The Undefectives...................... Kathleene Norris...1 . .	42
The Outlook
The Winter in Europe........................................................ 3
Preparedness...............................................................  3
Statesmanship Put to the Test............................................... 5
The Gary Plan............................................................... 6
Editorial
Is America in Danger of Invasion?.............................
Deification of the State......................................
Will Turkey be Revived?.......................................
Man’s Condition in Death........................ I. H. Evans. .
The Papal States and the Prisoner of the Vatican.... P. T. Magan.
Satan and the Sabbath........................... C. B. Haynes
Paragraphs ...................................................
Sundry Observations ............................ C. B. Haynes
7
9
10
12
15
20
26
28
General Articles
The Attack upon the Freedom of the Press...... Claude E. Holmes.......... 32
The Two Thrones .............................. N. J. Walldorff........... 35
Personal Facts Relating to George Washington..A. L. Manous............... 38
Home and Health
Food and Drink as Related to Health and Efficiency. D. H. Kress, M. D.
The Divorce Problem in Chicago.........................................
Effect of Tobacco on the Heart..................... Scientific American
The World’s Greatest Organ.............................................
42
45
46
47
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Chasing the Rainbow
The Ford Expedition in Pursuit of World Peace
The Winter in Europe
IT seems evident that another winter 1 is to pass without the return of peace to the warring nations of Europe. This will mean to that populous quarter of the globe, a season of unprecedented distress. Conditions will be much worse in many places than they were last winter. Scores of millions of human beings will be in distress and want which the people outside the afflicted zone will be powerless to relieve. To God alone these stricken souls can turn for help. Is it not high time that the people everywhere, from rulers*and statesmen down to peasants, began to inquire whether God has not had something to do with this great calamity that has come upon mankind, and if so, what his mind is in regard to it? The Bible tells us that God was most directly concerned in the Deluge which overwhelmed the earth in the days of Noah*, ^it came directly from his hand because the world had become corrupt before him. Today the world is staggeringunder t h e greatest calamity that has come on the human family since the Deluge. Are we to believe that He who sent the deluge of water then, has had nothing to do with the deluge of blood today?
Preparedness
A GREAT deal of the argument now being heard on this subject is based upon the idea that the best international policy is the Golden Rule,— treat other nations well and they will be bound to treat you well. This presupposes an ideal condition of human society which unfortunately does not exist today. An international policy which was based on the views of an idealist would certainly prove of small practical value. Others who are opposed to armaments argue that preparedness for war is wrong because war is not sanctioned by the Bible. This argument makes no distinction between the policy for the civil power and the rule for individual conduct. Christianity requires that an individual should forgive any and all trespasses against him; but such forgiveness
PHOTO BY UNDERWOOD A UNDERWOOD
Rosika Schwimmer of Buda-Pesth, Henry Ford, and Louis P. Lochner, Secretary of the Chicago Peace Society.
Three prominent workers for international peace
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THE WATCHMAN
INTERNATIONAL FILM SERVICE
United States Postmasters in Convention at Washington, D. C.
Listening by phone to a speech by Secretary McAdoo, in the model postoffice building at the Panama Exposition. Five hundred and fifty phones were connected with the wire from San Francisco.
of offenders on the part of the civil power would be suicidal. Whatever policy may be adopted as regards prepared-
ness, however, it will be impossible to safeguard the nation from the liability of war. Those who advocate great armaments maybe pointed to Germany and France. Those who advocate no armaments may be pointed to China. And the advocates of peace treaties may be pointed to Belgium. War has ever been and will ever continue to be, a natural outgrowth of the pride, ambition, love of power, covetousness, and other evil propensities of the unregenerate heart.
Steamship “ Oscar II ” Leaving New York City With the Ford Peace Party on Board
“The fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace.’* Gal. 5:22.
THE OUTLOOK
5
PHOTO BY PAUL THOMPSON
P. E. Leydendecker and Paul Koenig,German Agents, Who Plotted to Blow Up the Welland Canal
Koenig (at right) is “ Chief of Police ” in the employ of the Hamburg-American Steamship Co.
Statesmanship Put to the Test
JT would be difficult to imagine a more perplexing position into which a nation desiring to remain at peace with
INTERNATIONAL FILM SERVICE
King Charles of Rumania
its neighbors could be brought, than that into which Greece has been forced by the fortunes of war. Upon her king and statesmen has been thrust the impossible task of maintaining Greek neu-
PHOTO BY BOSTON PHOTO NEWS CO.
Armenian Girls Saved from Capture by the Raiding Turks
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THE WATCHMAN
The “Sea Sled”
A craft which will be used for mail and passenger traffic upon the shallow rivers of Colombia. It is driven by aeroplane propellers, draws but four inches of water, and has a speed of forty miles an hour
trality in the face of a demand by the Entente Allies for the use of Salonica as a military base and free passage for their troops through Greek territory. To grant this concession would be to incur the hostility of the Teutonic Allies whose forces are masters in the surrounding territory, while to refuse it would bring coercive action from a fleet which had absolute control of the sea, and Greece is peculiarly vulnerable to a naval attack. After prolonged hesitation the Greek government has finally thought best not to refuse the demands of the Entente Powers.
Our organization has embarked upon a campaign to prevent the inauguration of the religious feature of the Gary plan in the public schools. With subordinate lodges throughout the country, we shall make known our views wherever in the land the principle of freedom of religious worship is recognized and wherever the separation of religion from American institutions is regarded as one of the safeguards of American progress. The movement will be non-sectarian, and it is expected will have the cooperation of pious Americans of all religious denominations.
The church and the home must remain the place of religious instruction and activity, and the public schoolroom must be the last place in which discussions on religious distinctions shall be made possible or tolerated.
means satisfactory to all classes of the people. Jewish opposition to it has already become quite pronounced, as appears from the following statement by Maurice Blum-enthal, general counsel of the Independent Order Free Sons of Israel:
The Gary Plan Y\7HAT is known as the “Gary” plan of connecting religious instruction with the public school system, seems to be the best plan that has been devised after many years of study over the problem, yet it is proving by no
PHOTO BY PAUL THOMPSON
The New Financial Center of the World
The J. P. Morgan Building, Cor. Wall St. and Broadway, New York City
THIS question, strange and improbable as it may seem, is being seriously raised in this country. And when the question is considered in the light of circumstances and conditions having a direct bearing upon it, conclusions are easily reached which are of a disquieting nature.
The idea that the United States is securely isolated from dangers arising beyond the seas, is one which had better justification at the time this nation arose than it has today. Unquestionably the geographical location of this country has been of paramount advantage to it in many ways. Three thousand miles of ocean have hitherto constituted a very effective barrier against serious disturbance from the political tempests of Europe. But the world has been growing smaller by the clock since the era of rapid transit began, and today the Atlantic offers but a comparatively slight obstacle to the passage of the storm clouds of war.
But what are the reasons for believing in the possibility, if not the probability, of trouble between the United States and the Old World powers. Those which have already been set forth in various papers and magazines are the following :
The attitude maintained by the United States in the European War has noc pleased the belligerent powers on either
side of the conflict. To maintain neutrality in such a war without giving offense to either side, or even to both sides, seems to be as difficult as a feat of expert juggling. There has been a constant dispute with England, and in a lesser degree with France, over the question of interference with American trade on the high seas. France has suffered by the passage of the German armies through Belgium, and resents the failure of the United States to protest against the German invasion. According to Richard Harding Davis, who has recently returned from that country, the feeling in France toward the United States is bitter.
The feeling in Germany and Austria toward the United States, it need not be said, is anything but friendly.
The great war is making no particular progress upon either the Western or Eastern fronts; and with the overrunning of Servia no great extension of the war beyond the present limits is probable in that section of the conflict. And yet no decisive advantage has been obtained by either group of the belligerents. What if they should conclude that the western hemisphere offers an easier road to the realization of their national aspirations than the continuation of the fruitless struggle in Europe?
Military experts have stated that the Great Powers of Europe, acting in con-
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THE WATCHMAN
PHOTO BY UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD
The Latest United States Superdreadnaught, the “Nevada,” on her Way to the Brooklyn, N. Y., Navy Yard
cert, could easily land on our shores an army of more than a million men in less than two months’ time.
At the conclusion of the European War the nations which have been involved in the struggle will be poverty-stricken, and will look with envious and jealous eyes upon a rich creditor nation across the Atlantic, which has coined money out of the conflict that has made them poor. A desire to better their condition at the expense of such a nation will be but natural.
The United States, filled with unas-
similated people of foreign birth and foreign sympathies, would i n such an event be a country divided against itself.
The Church of Rome, which has never neglected a n opportunity to show her hatred for republican institutions and principles of government, would unquestionably favor the effort to establish imperial government in this country.
At the conclusion of the war, Europe will have millions of trained and seasoned troops available for a new military venture. She will have also a military equipment advanced to the last stage of completeness through the experience of conducting the great war, and the facilities for providing ammunition, guns, and everything else needed for the prosecution of the most difficult campaign.
The United States is wholly unprepared for an attack by a combination of strong military powers. The fleet of this country could present no barrier against the naval forces of Europe, and the army of the United States is too small to offer effective resistance to the armies that could quickly be landed on American soil. There are, to be sure, millions of available men in this country, but untrained men count for nothing in the requirements of a military campaign.
Months of training would be neces-
EDITORIAL
9
sary to prepare the citizen soldiers of America to take the field. In addition, no adequate facilities exist in this country for arming and equipping an army of several millions of men, which would be required to resist a foreign invasion.
That the powers of Europe would ever combine against the United States seems, of course, wholly improbable. Yet we are living in a time when strange things are happening, and that, too, with unprecedented suddenness. Mighty forces are at work under the impulse of which great changes are taking place in the structure of civilization. The old Europe is passing away. Is America to remain unscathed?
If we are right in the conviction that what is happening in Europe has come as a judgment from God upon the nations, then we cannot escape the conclusion that in some way a like reckoning is to come with the nations of the western hemisphere. Whether as an outcome of the present war, we cannot say. But it is not without interest to note the possibilities which exist at the present time in the direction of foreign military aggression upon this country.
Deification of the State
yHE following quotations are from a
religious journal, the American Lutheran Survey:
War and imminent national danger prove that the state is paramount. As the aggregate of individuals, the state is an organism which by conserving itself conserves the individuals composing it. It follows that the state, or the contractual society designated by that name, has the ownership and control not only of all the property of every individual
—	as shown in its right of Eminent Domain
—	but also of the lives of its constituent citizenry. .	.	. The individual is nothing —
the state is everything. The individual succumbs in order that the state may survive. .	.	. If the great European War has taught
us of America no other lesson, it should serve to impress upon us the true relation between the individual and the state. It should teach
us the necessity of civic solidarity, not only in time of national danger, but also in the days of piping peace. The social welfare is of supreme importance: no individual may in any way be permitted to continue in a course which harms the state. Individualism must submit to coordination and cooperation.
If the individual is nothing and the state everything, and the state owns not only the property but the very lives of the people in it, then there is no such thing as the inalienable right of an individual to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,’’ and the Declaration of Independence is a lie. Nor does such a conception of government leave any place for God and conscience. If the state owns the lives of the people, then their lives do not belong to God.
The Declaration of Independence recognizes the sovereignty of God, by asserting that all men “are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights”; and it is in harmony with Christianity when it asserts further that governments are instituted among men “to preserve these rights.” God has put the individual first by the fact that he has created man in the image of God, and sacrificed his only-begotten Son for man’s redemption.
True Christians are the most valuable asset of the state, for they bring to it the blessing of heaven. The men who founded this American republic were Christians. It is the favor of God that has brought unexampled prosperity to this great nation, and it is because this government has stood for civil and religious freedom that God has favored it. Governments which ignore God’s relationship to the individuals whom he has made in his image and for whose redemption he has paid an infinite price, may seem to prosper for a time, but God’s hand will be against them. Deification of the state is nothing but paganism. It was the guiding principle of ancient Rome.
WILL TURKEY BE REVIVED ?
PHOTO BY PAUL THOMPSON
Bagdad on the Tigris, Which a'British Expedition nearly Reached before Being Driven back
by the Turks
WILL Turkey, long known as the “sick man” of the East, recover from its long period of decline and be able to maintain its territory and its standing among the World Powers? The good showing which Turkey is making in the great war affords apparent ground for this inquiry.
During the recent Balkan War the weakness of Turkey was more apparent than ever, and the advance of the victorious Balkan armies seemed destined to end only at the Bosporus itself. The long-ex-pected departure of Ottoman dominion from the soil of Europe seemed to be at hand.
But in the present war the Ottoman troops are making a far different showing. Evidently Turkish officialdom was to blame for the inefficiency of Turkish military operations, and
with the administration of her affairs in German hands the outlook for the future of the empire has quickly assumed a different aspect. The Turkish troops are holding back the best soldiers of England and France, and the victorious campaigns of Turkey’s Teutonic Allies seem to promise that the Ottoman Kingdom will emerge from the war so strengthened and rehabilitated that the
PHOTO BY BOSTON PHOTO NEWS CO.
Admiralty Building, Constantinople
EDITORIAL
II
process of disintegration which has featured Turkish history for a century past will no longer continue.
We have no hesitation in saying, however, that even should the side of Turkey prove victorious in the war, the decline of the Ottoman empire will not be long, if at all, delayed. If there is an appearance of Turkish rejuvenation at the conclusion of the war, it will quickly prove to be a deception. Our confidence on this point rests upon the statements of inspired prophecy.
These statements occur in the eleventh chapter of the prophecy of Daniel. In the concluding verse of this chapter it is declared of a certain power designated as “the King of the North,” that “he shall plant the tabernacles of his palace between the seas in the glorious holy mountain, yet he shall come to his end and none shall help him.”
The “King of the North” is first mentioned in the sixth verse of this chapter. The chapter opens with a description jof the rich king of Persia, Xerxes, his invasion of Grecia, and the rise of Grecia's world-renowned king, Alexander the Great, upon whose sudden death without posterity, his kingdom was divided among his four leading generals. These generals at first ruled Jover provinces lying east, west, north, and south of the capital of the empire, but by conquest the eastern and western portions were soon eliminated and the empire was comprised in two grand divisions, the northern, and the southern. The “King of the North” was the power which ruled in the northern division of this territory.
The northern boundary of Alexander's empire did not extend much beyond the southern ends of the Black and Caspian seas. The boundaries of civilization did not reach farther north at that time.
The northern division of Alexander's empire included the territory now under
PHOTO BY BOSTON THOTO NEWS CO.
Moslem Women Standing by the Tomb of Mahmoud, Constantinople
This was the Moslem leader who in 1837 slaughtered the Janizaries
Ottoman dominion. Between Alexander's day and the present era of history various powers have ruled over this territory, each being in his turn the “King of the North.” Today Turkey occupies that position. The “north country” is designated in Scripture prophecy as being the country “by the river Euphrates.” See Jer. 46: 2, 10.
Eminent Bible commentators, such as Dr. Adam Clarke, have adopted the view that the title “King of the North” designates in the concluding portion of the prophecy where it occurs, the Ottoman kingdom.
Certain it is that the Ottoman empire has for a century or more past, drawn the attention of the world by the process of disintegration which has gradually taken from its domain the Balkan states, Greece, Tripoli, and Egypt. In the prophecy of Revelation (Ch. 16, v. 12) it is said that the “great river Euphrates” is
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THE WATCHMAN
to be “dried up,” and already the drying up of Ottoman dominion, symbolized in prophecy by the river Euphrates, has long been going on before the eyes of the world. The ‘1 drying up ” of the prophecy of Revelation harmonizes with the prediction of Daniel’s prophecy that this power shall “come to his end, and none shall help him.” And both these prophecies harmonize with numerous other prophecies of Holy Writ which show that we have now reached the final days of this world’s history in which the prophecy of Turkey’s downfall is to be fulfilled.
A conspicuous feature of Turkish history is that the Ottoman kingdom has been helped on numerous occasions in the past. In several wars with Russia, in the war with Egypt, in the Balkan War, and now in the great European War, Turkey has been saved by the interposition of one or more of the Great Powers ,of Europe; and but for this help from without, Ottoman dominion
would long since have vanished from the soil of Europe. But according to the prophecy, events are to be so shaped that this help will be withdrawn; and then the “King of the North,” after planting the tabernacles of his palace *''between the seas in the glorious holy mountain” (an undoubted reference to Jerusalem, between the Dead and Mediterranean seas), will “come to his end.” Upon the certainty of Bible prophecy, therefore, we repeat the prediction which has often been made in these columns in the past, that the dissolution of the Ottoman kingdom is an event of the near future. No matter what the present assistance of Germany may promise for the rehabilitation of Turkey, the end is near. And with the end of that power will come also, according to the same prophecy, the “standing up” of Michael [Christ], a “time of trouble such as never was” (Dan. 12: 1), the coming of Christ in the clouds, and the close of this earth’s career.
Man’s Condition in Death
Modern Theology on the Subject not Sanctioned by the Bible
For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. Eccl. 9:5.
WE have already shown that man does not possess immortality by virtue of being a child of Adam, and that it can be obtained only through faith in the crucified and risen Saviour. If, then, man does not have immortality except as he receives it as a gift, and as this gift is bestowed only through faith in the Lamb of God, who taketh away the sin of the world, and is fully realized at the resurrection of the dead, we may reasonably inquire, What is the condition of man from the time of death till the resurrection? Where are the dead? Are
they in a state of consciousness or sub-consciousness? Are they in a condition of happiness and pleasure, or in pain and misery? Do they have the power of locomotion? Are they in possession of all their faculties, quickened by freedom from the body? Are they superior in wisdom to what they were when on earth?
We shall endeavor to show that the dead are not in the spirit-world during the interval between death and the resurrection, but that they are unconscious, inanimate, devoid of the power of motion or feeling, asleep.
The teachings of men on the question of man’s natural immortality have already been presented; let us now care-
editorial
13
fully examine the Word of God, to see what the Lord says concerning the state of the dead. In Eccl. 9:5,6, we find this language:
“For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion forever in anything that is done under the sun.” How different this language from the generally accepted belief concerning the condition of man after death! Contrast these words with the sentiment expressed by the poet Armstrong:
There is they say (and I believe there is), A spark within us of the Immortal Fire,
That animates and molds the grosser frame, And when the body sinks, escapes to heaven, Its native seat, and mixes with the gods.
One can hardly pass over such language as merely the utterance of a poetic thought; for it expresses not only the belief of nearly all professed Christians, but also the basic principle of all heathen religions. The Word of God, however,— that Word which Jesus declares “is truth” — must be taken as our guide if we would know the truth concerning the state of the dead. When that Word expressly declares, “The dead know not anything,” it is not becoming for man to assert that the soul never dies. Nor will it do to say that this statement does not apply to the soul of man; for in the first clause of this verse the living are explicitly mentioned,— “The living know that they shall die: but the dead know not anything.” Eccl. 9:5. Here life is contrasted with death. The contrast is not between the body and the soul: it is between the living and the dead. At death all activity ceases; knowledge ends; sensation is no more; every faculty that was active in life is extinguished. The fact so plainly
stated in the text is made still more clear in the words that immediately follow it: “Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished.” Eccl. 9: 6.
Can we conceive of an existence in heaven or in hell, in purgatory or in any spirit-world, when all appreciation of material things has ended, when knowledge is no more, when love has ceased, when hatred and envy have perished, when all the passions of life have become extinct? It is impossible for us to believe that the soul lives on when such conditions prevail. The meaning of words must be misconstrued before such language can teach anything else than that death ends all consciousness. When the infinite God declares that the dead know not anything, that their love and their hatred and their envy is perished, it borders on presumption for man to affirm that he is speaking only of the physical body, and that no reference whatever is made to the spirit. There is in this scripture no inference that death is a transition, — a change from corporeal to spiritual, from corruption to incorruption, from mortality to immortality. There is in it no intimation that angels develop from the souls of the departed; nor is the faintest suggestion given that at death the spirit flees from the body to dwell with God, or that it departs to some spirit-world, there to dwell in a state of subconsciousness for ages, waiting for the resurrection from the dead before it can come into the full enjoyment of bliss.
Suppose for a moment that the generally accepted belief be true, and that the soul of man leaves the body at death, what becomes of the unregenerate, those who have lived in rebellion against God? Very positive is the generally accepted view on this point. The “Westminster Confession” says: “Souls neither die nor sleep, but go immediately to heaven or hell.” A great company of religious
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THE WATCHMAN
teachers, beginning with the early Catholic fathers, and including such men as John Bunyan, John Wesley, Jonathan Edwards, Charles Spurgeon, and many others, have believed and taught that the souls of evildoers would be tormented forever in hell fire. Calvin, indeed, added to this terrible doctrine the statement that the vast majority of mankind would be lost, and therefore suffer the torments of the damned through unnumbered and never-ending ages.
Of the suffering' of thedost, supposed by those who teach the natural immortality of the soul to be in hell, we find many such expressions as these:
It is infinitely beyond the highest archangel’s faculty to comprehend a thousandth part of the horror of the doom to eternal damnation. —John Foster.
These unhappy children of wrath not only suffer during eternity, but they suffer eternity during each moment of their existence. Eternity is engraven on the flames which torment them. —Bonhour.
When thou diest, thy soul will be tormented alone; that will be a hell for it: but at the day of judgment thy body will join thy soul, and then thou wilt have twin hells, thy soul sweating drops of blood, and thy body suffused with agony. In fire exactly like that which we have on earth the body will lie, asbestos-like, forever unconsumed, all thy veins roads for the feet of pain to travel on, every nerve a string on which the devil shall forever play his diabolical tune of hell's unutterable lament.—Charles Haddon Spurgeon.
The “Christian Year”declares:
Salted with fire, they seem to show
How spirits lost, to endless woe May undecaying live.
O sickening thought! yet hold it fast.
How wofully do the doctrines of men pervert the plain teaching of the Word of God! Whom shall we believe? What guide shall we follow? We must either accept what God tells us in his Word concerning man's nature, his condition in death, and the final reward which will be meted out to both the righteous and the wicked; or we must
follow the theories of finite men. Which shall it be?
God declares that when man dies, all his affections are stilled; he is neither in a state of happiness nor a condition of torment; the things which annoyed him while living, or which gave him pleasure and satisfaction, influence him no more; love, the highest and purest passion known to earth, which is enjoined upon the living by the Word of God itself, no longer burns within the heart; envy and hatred, the basest feelings which move mankind, have no influence over those in the embrace of death. For them, all joy, all sorrow, all bitterness, all that for which they struggled and suffered, has perished. Among all the mighty, countless host of those who sleep there is not one who is moved by ambition or thirst for power or greed for gold; not one whose heart is buried beneath the sorrows of earth; not one who is restless, weary, or dissatisfied. No! “The living know that they shall die: but the dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten. Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished." Eccl. 9:5, 6.
This forcible statement is followed by an expression which forever precludes the idea that the spirits of the dead revisit the earth, minister to their loved ones, or in any way interfere in the affairs of man: “Neither have they any more a portion forever in anything that is done under the sun.” Eccl. 9: 6. Let those who believe that the spirit continues its existence after death comes to the body, ponder this expression well; for it is the voice of God, portraying to man in unmistakable language his condition in death. All the ministry of love and affection that we would bestow upon our nearest and dearest must be given while we are with them; all the helpfulness, all the kindness, that we
EDITORIAL
15
would confer upon those whose loyal friendship we prize and cherish, we must show while we are still numbered among the living; all the unselfish service that we would render for the uplift and salvation of humanity, must be rendered while we still have life: for when death comes, we shall have no further power to minister to those who dwell upon the earth. Then the faithful father returns not to comfort the bereaved and mourning hearts, or to help them in bearing life’s burden; the fond mother comes not back to watch over the wayward child whom she so
tenderly loved, and for whom her heart was so often lifted in prayer; the cherished child returns no more to bring sunshine and happiness to the home darkened by its absence. No more, forever, have the dead any portion in anything that is done under the sun. God himself has fixed the boundary between the living and the dead; and none may pass it. As the living have no influence over the dead, no power to minister to them, even so are the dead unable to return to the earth or minister to the living, i. h. t$, {To be concluded)
The Papal States and the Prisoner of the Vatican
IN the Bible the Church of Rome is described as a “beast of prey,” as “the great harlot,” as “Babylon, the mother of harlots and abominations of the earth,” as “the woman” “which reigneth over the kings of the earth,” and by Paul, the great apostle, as “the mystery of iniquity.” To no other power mentioned by the Scriptures of truth is such a galaxy of undesirable epithets applied as unto this pseudoreligious body.
Of this power the inspired writers prophesied that she would receive a “deadly wound,” and yet again that the “deadly wound” would be “healed.” To the French Revolution was allotted the task of inflicting this “deadly wound.” The revolutionists carried out the sentence of Holy Writ when, in 1798, General Berthier, acting under the orders of Napoleon Bonaparte, took the pope prisoner, seized the Papal States, and abolished the temporal power of the papacy, putting the territories formerly administered by the sovereign pontiff under the yoke of republican and revolutionary France.
This blow at the hand of Berthier and
the French Revolution in itself constituted a" menace to the papacy hardly less formidable than the menace of Martin Luther and the great Reformation of the sixteenth century. Nearly two hundred years had rolled away since the monk of Wittenburg had wrought terrific damage to the spiritual power of the papacy; and now the great Corsican, by the hand of his trusted general, the Prince of Wagram, wrought havoc with the temporal power of that ancient church.
The Italian Republics and the Pope
T the time when Napoleon and his army crossed the Alps, the northern part of Italy was largely dominated by Austrian influence. But the center of the peninsula was ruled by the pope, the Papal States comprising a goodly strip of territory over which the pope ruled not only as spiritual father, but also as temporal monarch. The pope was pope and the pope was king. Wherever Napoleon conquered in north Italy, he established small republics: the Cisalpine Republic, the Cispadine Republic, and the Republic of Genoa. The es-
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tablishment of these democracies angered the supreme pontiff almost beyond expression; he denounced such forms of government and the French Republic from which they sprang. He did not content himself with defending the great maxims of the church, but he constituted himself chief of the reactionary movement in Europe, and boldly declared himself conjointly responsible for the ancient regime in France. It was under this ancient regime that two-thirds of the land of France belonged to the nobility and clergy, who, so far as numbers were concerned, formed an insignificant part of the whole population; and the remaining one-third was in the hands of the common people, whose poverty was most distressing.
Because of the papal opposition to revolutionary France, the Directory of
that country commanded General Bonaparte above all things, to make Rome feel the power of the republic. Every sincere patriot in France insisted on this. The pope, who had anathematized France, preached a crusade against her, and suffered her ambassador to be assassinated in his capital, was held to be worthy of the most severe chastisement. The French government insisted that the holy see should revoke all the briefs issued against France since the commencement of the Revolution. This severely hurt the pride of the veteran pontiff. He summoned the College of Cardinals, and this body decided that the revocation should not take place. Such a decision only fanned the flame and determined the French government all the more to destroy the temporal power of the pope and abolish the Papal States.
The Murder of General Duphot
QN Dec. 26, 1797, the French embassy in Rome was attacked, and young General Duphot, who was only anxious to preserve the peace, was fired upon by the papal troops and killed. This event produced a great sensation, and the Directory at once ordered General Ber-thier to march on Rome. He arrived Feb. 10, 1798. It is said that his soldiers paused for a moment and in reverential silence gazed upon the ancient and magnificent city. Then the Castle of St. Angelo was summoned, and quickly capitulated. The pope for the time being was left in the Vatican, while Berthier was conducted to the capitol like the Roman generals of old in their glorious triumph. Then it was that the Democrats, at the summit of their joy, assembled in the Campo Vaccino, in sight of the remains of the ancient forum, and
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proclaimed the Roman Republic. A notary drew up an act by which the populace, calling itself the Roman people, declared that it resumed its sovereignty, and constituted itself a republic. Meanwhile, Pope Pius VI had been left unattended in the Vatican. Messengers were sent to demand the abdiction of his temporal sovereignty. There was no intention upon the part of the French of meddling with his spiritual authority. He replied that he could not divest himself of a property which was not his, but which had devolved upon him from the apostles, and was only a deposit in his hands.
This logic had but little effect upon the Republican generals of France. The pope, treated with the respect due to his age*, was removed in the night from the Vatican and conveyed into Tuscany. From thence he was taken to Valence, France, where he died, attended by a solitary ecclesiastic; and for two years there was no pope.
PHOTO BY BOSTON PHOTO NEWS CO.
The King of Italy and General Joffre at Mount Nero, Italy
Thus came to an end the days of the papal supremacy which had been foretold in Holy Writ, and thus was the papal power wounded as it were unto death as prophecied in the Scriptures.
The Neapolitans recovered the Papal States for the pope in 1799. They were retaken by the French in 1800, restored to Pius VII in 1801, and again annexed by Napoleon in 1809. The pope retorted upon his despoiler with a bull of excommunication, but spiritual terrors were the least formidable of those at that time active in Europe, and the sanctity of the pontiff did not prevent the soldiers of the mighty Corsican from arresting him in the
UNIVERSAL PRESS SYNDICATE
Seen? on the Austro-Italian Frontier
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PHOTO BY PAUL THOMPSON
Italian Sentry on Guard at the Top of Europe in the Tyrolese Alps
Quirinal Palace and carrying him as a prisoner to Savona. Here Pius VII was detained for the next three years. In the meantime the Roman states received the laws and the civil organization of France. Bishops and clergy who refused the oath of fidelity to Napoleon were imprisoned or exiled; the monasteries and convents were dissolved; the cardinals and great officers, along with the archives and the whole apparatus of ecclesiastical rule, were carried to Paris. And that all of the above clearly constituted a deadly blow to the papacy is made very manifest in the following sentences from Fyffe:
In relation to the future of European Catholicism, the breach between Napoleon and Pius VII was a more important event than was understood at the time. Its immediate and visible result was that there was one sovereign the fewer in Europe.— Fyffe, “History of Modern Europe ” Vol. i, chap, g, par. 27.
In the reconstruction days which followed the exile of Napoleon to Elba the Papal States were, by the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, 1815, reestablished. But this reestablishment was destined to be of a very short duration.
The subjects of the chief pontiff — the dwellers within the confines of the Papal States—were anything but satisfied with the administration o f their civil affairs at the hand of the pope. Beneath the pope, the government was in the hands of the priests. Over each of the provinces and legations was a prelate. All the higher officials belonged to the ranks of the clergy. “The laity were admitted only to the lower positions.” In addition to this, taxes were very high, and yet the papal finances were badly disorganized, and the government had difficulty in paying its current expenses. Of a little more than passing interest in this connection is the fact that an important source of revenue of this Christian, priestly state was the lottery, which was administered with religious ceremonies, and was even kept running Sundays. The government could not even assure the personal safety of its citizens. Brigands roamed the land and their power was so great that the pope was finally forced to make a treaty with them. By the terms of this treaty, the brigands were to give themselves up as prisoners for one year, at the end of which time they were to be pensioned.
“Though bigoted and corrupt, the government had a keen scent for the evils of the French regime.” After the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna which had restored the Papal States, the most of the French laws were repealed in the Papal States. Even vaccination and gas illumination were forbidden as odious reminders of the days of the French
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rule. “The police were numerous and vexatious, paying particular attention to what one of their documents characterized as the class called ‘thinkers.’ ” The Inquisition was restored, and judicial torture was revived. Education was placed in the hands of the clergy. “Even in the universities most of the professors were ecclesiastics, and the curriculum was carefully purged of all that might be dangerous.
This excluded, among other subjects, modern literature and political economy.” Nibeuhr, the celebrated German historian, has tersely recorded his impression of the Papal States, “No land of Italy, perhaps of Europe, excepting Turkey, is ruled as is this ecclesiastical state.” And Rome was called “a city of ruins, both material and moral.” (For above facts vide Hazen, “Europe since 1815,” New York, Henry Holt & Co., 1910, p. 55.)
Pope Pius IX ascended the papal throne in the year 1846. His was a long reign, lasting till 1878. There was great dissatisfaction amongst his subjects with the way the government was administered. Several times they besought him to grant them a republic, but the “successor of St. Peter” was obdurate. Once he was beseiged in Rome by twenty thousand of his own troops, aided by the entire body of the people. The belfry of San Carlino was occupied; from behind the equestrian statues of Castor and Pollux a group of sharpshooters fired their rifles, next two six-pound cannons appeared on the scene, and were duly trained against the main gate of the Quirinal Palace. A truce was then proclaimed, and another deputation was given an audience with the pope.
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Italian Howitzer in Use in the Alps
The deputation were bearers of the people’s “ultimatum,” who now declared that they would allow the pontiff “one hour to consider”; after which, if not adopted, “they announced their firm purpose to break into the Quirinal, and to put to death every inmate thereof, with the sole and single exception of ‘His Holiness’ himself.” The pope yielded, and at once the cry rent the air: “The sovereign has given us a republic!” But no sooner had the people dispersed than the promised reforms were abandoned, the pope utterly failing to keep his word.	p. T. m.
{To be continued)
T"HE important question for every person is not, What is agreeable to me? but, What is theTruth?
Satan and the Sabbath
Why the Enemy of All Truth Has Always Fought Against Jehovah's Rest Day
THE question of which day is the Sabbath is one of the very greatest religious questions of the day. Thousands of people, both in the church and out of it, are troubled concerning it; great religious gatherings are discussing it, and it has gone outside the bounds of the church and become a political issue, for there are more appeals being made today for Sabbath legislation than ever before in the history of the country.
The Sabbath question has always been a live issue in the church. There never has been a time from the very beginning of the work of God among men when it was not very widely discussed. And it is not settled yet, and will not be until it is settled right.
A study of the Sabbath question from the beginning will make plain why it is a question of such vast importance, and why it is still agitating the minds of men.
In the great conflict between Christ and Satan on this earth, Satan has always directed his attacks against the very center of the truth of God. He has evidently given the revealed truth of the Bible much study and knows just where to strike in order to corrupt the allegiance of the people of God.
Before the people of Israel were brought out of Egypt, the truth of God was preserved only in the hearts of those who were loyal to him. There was no written Bible in which the principles of his truth were taught. Nor was there any place on earth where a teaching priesthood instructed the people in the truths of revealed religion. Altars to the true God were erected anywhere by his worshipers, and his truth was handed down from father to son.
And it was for this reason that Satan worked so persistently to slay every follower of God, and to blot the name of his people from the earth, for he saw that by so doing he could also destroy the knowledge of the truth of God from among men.
The Sanctuary and Its Services
Y\/HEN the service of the sanctuary was instituted by the direction of God, Satan then had another object for his hatred and his attacks. And his hatred for the sanctuary was great because in its services and ceremonies, and in the furniture which it contained the entire truth of the gospel was revealed in types.
The sanctuary was the dwelling place of God (Ex. 25: 8), and a replica of the temple in heaven in which God dwells. Ex. 25: 40. It was pitched always in the center of the encampment in the wilderness, three tribes of the Israelites pitching to the north of it, three to the south, three to the east, and three to the west.
The court of the sanctuary was oblong in shape, about 150 feet long by 75 feet wide. It was made with hangings of fine twined linen which were hung upon eighty pillars of brass set in sockets of brass, with hooks of silver. Ex. 27: 9-17.
The gate of the court was made of “needlework, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: and twenty cubits [30 feet] was the length, and the height in the breadth was five cubits [7 '/t feet].” Ex. 38: 18. This gate always faced the east. Ex. 27: I3-I5-
Within the court there were but two articles of furniture. These were the
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brazen altar of burnt offering, and the brazen laver. Upon the altar all of the sacrifices of the children of Israel were offered, and the laver was used by the priests to purify themselves for their services in the tabernacle.
The tabernacle itself was erected in the court, on the west side, facing towards the east. This was composed of two apartments, the holy place and the most holy place. The hangings of the door of the holy place were composed of the same materials as the gate of the court. Ex. 36:37,38. In the holy place there
were three articles of furniture, the table of shewbread on the right, the seven golden candlesticks on the left, and the altar of incense directly in front of the vail which separated the holy place from the most holy place. All of these articles were overlaid with gold, or in the case of the candlesticks, made of gold.
The vail separating the holy place from the most holy place was composed of the same materials as the door and the gate (Ex. 26: 31, 32), and was embroidered with gold thread with the figures of^angels. It was hung on pillars of shittim wood overlaid with gold. In the most holy place was but one article of furniture. This was the ark of the covenant. This was a hollow, oblong chest, overlaid with gold. Its cover was composed of a solid piece of wrought gold, and was called the mercy
seat. On either end of this mercy seat were the figures of angels, one on each end, and they were wrought from the same piece of gold of which the mercy seat itself was composed. These angels had their wings outstretched over the mercy seat and their faces downward as if in adoration and worship.
In the ark of the covenant was the law of God, written on two tables of stone, as it had been given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai.
All the Truths of the Gospel
JN the furniture, the services, the hangings, the sacrifices, the ceremonies, and the priesthood of this tabernacle there were taught, i n type, all the truths of the gospel of Christ which have since been revealed in a fuller way. No wonder, then, that Satan would attempt to destroy this tabernacle, and the temple into which it later was merged, from the earth. As long as it existed it was a great witness to the true God.
In the Shekinah which appeared over the mercy seat the true God was revealed, and there he met with his people and gave them instruction. In the fourth commandment of the Decalogue under the mercy seat his name as Creator of the heavens and the earth was revealed. In the Ten Commandments which the ark contained was revealed the very foundation of the government of the true God. The adoration and worship of all the heavenly universe was shown in the worship of the angels on either end of the mercy seat, and thus his lordship over all creation was revealed.
The duty of prayer and communion with God was shown in the altar of
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incense. The fact that Jehovah is the light of the world was shown by the ever-burning candlestick. That he provides all his creatures with food, and that he is the bread of life was shown by the table of shew-bread containing its twelve loaves. The guidance of the Holy Spirit was shown in the pillar of cloud and of fire which always hovered over the tabernacle and which led the people through the wilderness. The need of a Saviour from sin was shown by the sacrifice of the lamb every morning and evening. The fact that there was to be a vicarious sacrifice, and a blood-sacrifice, for sin was shown by the sin-offering.
The doctrine of a final reckoning and judgement for sin was shown by the yearly day of atonement. The teaching of the final extinction of sin and sinners was shown by the burning of the body of the sin offering which represented sin. The forgiveness of sins was taught by the transfer of the lamb’s innocense for the sinners’ guilt and condemnation. And, in short, every truth of the gospel will be found revealed in the sanctuary and its services. “Thy way, O God, is in the sanctuary.” Ps. 77: 13.
The sanctuary, therefore, being so necessary for the preservation of the truth of God on earth, might be expected to become the great object of Satan’s hatred, and the one thing above all others which he would attempt to destroy.
Jerusalem the Center of the Earth
T^HIS sanctuary was ultimately merged into the great temple of Solomon at Jerusalem. By reason of this fact the city of Jerusalem became the “city of the Great King.” Ps. 48: 2. By reason of this fact also it became the center of the truth of God on earth, the only place in all the earth where
the fulness of God’s truth was revealed. There was no other city where God was worshiped as he was in Jerusalem.
And the truth of God was set down in this place because of its ideal location for spreading over all the earth the knowledge of the God of heaven. Let the reader look at a map of the ancient world, and let him notice that Jerusalem is nearly in the heart of the earth. Any movement of caravans from Egypt to the eastward must pass through Palestine and Jerusalem. Any caravan going from the east to Egypt, or from the north to Egypt, or coming from Europe to Egypt, or from Egypt to any place in Asia or Europe, would naturally pass through Jerusalem. And there they would come in contact with the worship of the true God, and then passing on would carry the knowledge they had gained out to every place where they stopped. Thus Jerusalem was to be a light to the nations, a great beacon set at the very highway of the nations.
Satan naturally would attempt to foil this plan of the Lord’s by the destruction of Jerusalem. And in accordance with this thought the Old Testament contains the record of numerous attempts of various nations to destroy the holy city and the temple. The Syrians, the Philistines, the Assyrians, the Egyptians, and finally the Babylonians came against the city, but on every occasion these attempts of the devil to blot out the truth of God from the earth were foiled by the Lord, until at last his people forsook him, and then Babylon succeeded in destroying the city and the temple.
The Temple the Center of Jerusalem
DUT the city of Jerusalem was the center of the truth of God on earth only because the temple of God was the enter of the city. The thought and
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worship of all the people of the city and the surrounding provinces centered in the temple, which was the dwelling place of God, the place where his worship on earth was carried forward.
The Law the Center of the Temple
A ND the temple itself had a center with reference to which all its services and sacrifices were performed. This was the law of Gcd which was in the ark in the most holy place. When any of the people of God in the city or in all Palestine or anywhere else
committed sin they broke this law, for “sin is the transgression of the law.” i John 3: 4. No man could sin without the law of God being broken.
Now “the wages of sin is death.” Rom. 6: 23. Therefore when the man sinned, the law in the most holy place condemned him to death. It demanded his life, his blood. For without shedding of blood there is no remission for sin. Heb. 9: 22. The law demanded that he die to atone for his sin. But the man did not want to die. And God provided a remedy for him that he need not die.
The man who committed the sin and thus broke the law, and had thereby fallen under its condemnation, brought a sin-offering to the gate of the court, a lamb or a goat, and, standing there at the gate, before the broken law
which was just within the most holy place, he placed his hands upon the head of the offering and confessed his sins. The sin then passed from him to the animal. There was a transfer of the animal’s innocense to the man, and the man’s guilt to the animal. The aninal now stood in the place of the sinner. It was the animal that the law now condemned for the sin of the man, and it was the blood of the animal which was now demanded by the law. So with his own hand the man drew a knife across the throat of the lamb, taking its life, and the blood was caught in a basin by the priest, and taken in before the law and sprinkled there to show the law that its demands had been met and that blood had been shed for the remission of the sin committed by the man. Thus the man was saved “by the blood of the lamb.”
It will be plain from what has been said that the services and offerings and sacrifices of the temple were all carried forward with reference to the law which was in the most holy place. It was that law which pointed out sin, and it was because of sin that all of the temple service was made necessary. The law of God, the Ten Commandments, was the center of the temple, which was the center of Jerusalem, which, in turn, was the center of the worship of the true God on earth.
And from all this it is plain why the devil has always hated the law of God. It is the center of the government of God, and has always been the great object of the attacks of Satan. If he could get rid of the law of God it would not take him long to lead the people of this world into idolatry and destroy
Ancient Jerusalem, Showing the Temple in the Foreground
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them. The law has ever been the great bulwark of the truth of God.
The Sabbath the Center of the Law
A ND, finally, the law had a center of its own, a center which gave validity to the entire law. This is that part of the law of God which distinguishes the true God from all false gods. It is that part of the law which points out the true God. It is this part of the law which informs us who the Lawgiver is.
There is nothing in the first commandment which reveals who it is that gives the law. It declares that “thou shalt have no other gods before me.” But it does not tell us who it is that speaks. The worshiper of Confucius or Buddah or any other god might claim that this was the law of his god, and from this commandment he could not be gainsaid. The second commandment uses the expression “The Lord thy God,” but does not say who this God is, and as there are many so-called gods it would still be impossible to tell which god this is. The third commandment uses the same expression but does not enlighten us as to the identity of the true God. The fifth commandment is equally silent in this respect. And the sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth commandments do not even contain the name of any god. If the Ten Commandments were without the fourth, the law would contain no signature, no seal.
But in the fourth commandment the true God is pointed out as the One who “in six days” “made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it.” Ex. 20:11. Here the true God, the God who gave the ten commandments, is pointed out as the God who created the world and all that is in it. The Creator is the true
God, and it is his power to create which distinguishes him from all false gods. Therefore, in order that his people may ever worship him, he gives them a perpetual reminder of his power to create by establishing the seventh-day Sabbath, which is a memorial of the work of creation. The Sabbath was ever to stand before the people of the earth as a monument of creative power and thus lead the minds of the inhabitants of the earth every seventh day to the Creator himself.
If the people of the earth had always observed the seventh-day Sabbath there never could have been an idolator, for every week they would have been reminded of the true God as the Sabbath returned. Their minds would thus have been drawn out in the worship of the Creator, and they never could have worshiped an idol, the work of their own hands.
The Sabbath was to be a ‘ ‘sign’ ’ between the Creator and his people “forever.” Ex. 31:12-17; Eze. 20:12, 20. And it was so covered by the fourth commandment that that commandment became the one thing in the law which distinguished the true God from all false gods. It was the very heart of the law.
Notice, now, this system of centers. Jerusalem was the center of the worship of the true God in all the earth. The temple was the center of Jerusalem. The law was the center of the temple, and the Sabbath wa^the center of the law. It was center of centers.
Satan Attacks ttye Center of Centers
JF Satan desired to\sweep away this
whole system of truth from the earth, and thus destroy the knowledge of the true God from among men, where, do you think, would he strike first? It is plain that he would corrupt the people in their Sabbath-keeping. He would strike at the Sabbath first,
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the center of centers. And this is just what he did, and this is the reason why he has always been opposed to the Sabbath of the Lord and has ever tried his best to cause the people of God to lose sight of it.
Turn to the seventeenth chapter of Jeremiah and read there from the nineteenth to the twenty-seventh verse. There God says that if his people would keep the Sabbath “this city [Jerusalem] shall remain forever.” And he told them, also, that if they refused to keep the Sabbath the city would be burned with fire. The Sabbath was where Satan began his corrupting work. He led the people to violate the Sabbath. From this it was easy to lead them away from the service of the true God, whom the Sabbath pointed out, into idolatry, in which all the ten commandments were broken. Then, having drawn them away from the Sabbath and the law, he could bring his followers against their city and temple, and thus destroy the whole system of truth from the earth. This is just what Sabbath-breaking ultimately resulted in. This is the very procedure followed by Satan which resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem, for we read, speaking of the Babylonians, “And they burnt the house of God, and brake down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the palaces thereof
with fire ... to fulfil the word ol the Lord hy the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her Sabbaths” 2 Chron. 36: 19-21.
Arguments from the Arsenal of Satan
T'HUS the devil has always been antagonistic to the Sabbath of Jehovah. Many times he has attempted to destroy it altogether, and there is an excellent reason for his antagonism. He recognizes that it is the great memorial of God’s creative power, the power which distinguishes Jehovah from all false gods, and he knows that his first step in blotting out the true God from the earth is to get rid of the binding obligation to observe the Sabbath, and therefore he has used all his shrewdness and power to lead the people of God away from the Sabbath, and cause them to think it is of no worth or importance. He is doing it today, and with many he has succeeded but too well.
But let it ever be remembered that every argument used against the obligation of observing the Sabbath of the Lord has been taken from the arsenal of Satan, and has been fashioned by him for use in his warfare against God. And no Christian whatsoever should be found using such weapons.
c. B. H.
Change of Prices on “Men of the Mountains”
After the 'prices of uThe Men of the Mountains” were first announced, the book was considerably enlarged and a number of other features added which materially increased the cost. Therefore, in order to publish this book without loss, it has been found necessary to raise the prices to the following: Full cloth, $1.50; paper covers, 75 cents. These new prices became effective January 1, 1916.
The book contains over 800 pages, is well illustrated, and gives an exact and entertaining account of a people secluded in the mountain and hill country of the Southern States. uThe Men of the Mountains” is both interesting and instructive, and is found of unusual interest to young people and all others who enjoy reading of pioneer life. Order of our depository for your State as listed on page 48 of this magazine.
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THE WATCHMAN
PARAGRAPHS
QENERAE BRAMWELE BOOTH reports that there are forty thousand members of the Salvation Army in the British military service at the present time.
JHE National Spiritualist Association of America has planned the erection of a national temple, to be completed by the year 1920. A fund of $300,000 is to be raised for this purpose.
VIRTUAL American protectorate has been established over Haiti. This was done by treaty with the government of Haiti, which approved the step by vote of twenty-six against seven.
'T’HE great European War has not diminished the output of Bibles by either the American or British and Foreign Bible societies. The circulation, on the contrary, is reported to be steadily on the increase.
NEW world’s record in radio transmission was established recently when a wireless telegraph operator at Honolulu “picked up” messages being transmitted to Tuckerton, N. J., from Nauen, Prussia, approximately nine thousand miles from Honolulu.
r'pHE statistician of one of the leading life insurance companies of the United States, says that the suicide rate has been rising in this country since 1909, and is now, for the whole country, 20.3 for each 100,000 of the population per annum. In San Francisco, however, the rate is 52.4 and in some other cities it is much above the general average.
gPEECHES recently made by Premier Bethman-Hollweg, of Germany, and Premier Asquith of Great Britain, make it clear that neither of these powers is ready to consider peace upon terms which will be at all acceptable to the other. The end of the conflict is not in sight.
■pHE National Educational Association of the United States at a recent meeting adopted a resolution “unanimously in favor of the reading and study of the Bible in the public schools, pronouncing this great book an unrivaled agency in the development of true citizenship as well as in the formation of pure literary style.”
^HE two submarines which were authorized by the last Congress, will, it is stated, represent an increase in size over any now in the government service, the length being not less than two hundred fifty feet. They will also be required to have a surface speed of twenty-five knots. These boats are intended to accompany the fleet and assist in naval operations not only along the coast but wherever the fleet may receive instructions to go.
JDOLITICAL antagonisms due to the war have recently, according to published reports, been making themselves felt at the Vatican. It appears that members of the pope’s Noble Guard made an emphatic protest against being called upon to hand the cardinals’ red caps to two Teutonic officials who it was announced would be elected to the cardinalate at the approaching papal consistory at which a number of new cardinals were to be created. The guards demanded that the red caps in this case should be handed by non-Italians, and their protest was regarded by the Italian people as highly patriotic.
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'“pHREE magazines are published on the Pacific Coast which have for their object the propagation of the Buddhist religion. There are sixty-two Chinese Buddhist temples and thirteen Japanese Buddhist temples in the United States.
AT the recent coronation of the Emperor of Japan a number of persons were decorated by the emperor with the “Order of the Sacred Treasure,” among those thus honored being a number of prominent Christians. This is considered by religious papers in America as a noteworthy recognition of the standing of the Christian religion in Japan.
rPHAT the geographical isolation of America from the battle-fields of Europe will necessarily protect this country from invasion, is not the opinion of King Constantine of Greece. In a recent interview with a correspondent of the Associated Press the King said:
America is protected from immmediate danger by the distance which separates her from the battle-field. We too, had that once, but the battle-field shifted, and may shift again. What is happening in Greece today may happen in America, Holland, or any other neutral country tomorrow if the precedent now sought to be established in the case of Greece is once fixed.
DROFESSOR LOWELL, of Harvard University, has announced that a course in military science will be added to the curriculum of that institution at the next semester. It is planned to have undergraduates who join the course meet twice a week, the instruction to be in the hands of regular army officers. All members of the class will be required to enroll for the government correspondence course on military tactics. The training in the science of military affairs will be supplemented by military drill. Twelve hundred students have already responded to a call for candidates for this course.
IN view, of the activity of numerous
Americans of foreign birth or foreign sympathies, in ways that have been destructive of life and prqperty in this country, Justice Crouch of the supreme court of New York took occasion to instruct certain aliens who had received naturalization papers, concerning the meaning of their change of allegiance. He said:
It means that if your native land is at war with another nation, so long as the United States is neutral, you may not, by an overt act against the rules of neutrality, give aid or assistance to your native land. It means that if the United States declares war on your native land, no matter for what reason, it will be your duty to fight against those of your own race or blood — and it will be treason, punishable by death, if you give them aid or comfort.
'THE purpose of the Federal Council of Churches in this country to take control of religious work in all parts of a city or community was recently illus-strated in an eastern city, when the Federation passed a resolution to the effect that the city be districted and that the districts in need of English churches be assigned one to each of the denominations for exclusive work in them. In carrying out this program the Federation interviewed real estate agents and brought pressure to bear on them to dispose of no vacant lots for church purposes except to the denominations which the Federation had assigned to the respective districts.
'T’HE following resolution was adopted not long ago by the Lackawanna Association of the Federation of Catholic Societies:
Whereas the head of the Catholic Church has been the mediator of nations from the time of Saint Leo I, in the middle of the fourth century, down to the present day; and since to him is given the God-conferred right and power to administer to the peoples of the earth; and because in his principality there are no entangling
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alliances, thus making him the truly neutral and the one power on earth to work best for the preservation of peace, and the welfare, spiritual and moral, of all nations; therefore be it Resolved, That this federation go on record as favoring such a league of Christian nations and that power be vested in our holy father to permit him to interpret international law, regulate it, and take such action as would guarantee the observance of such law, and thus save human civilization.
DECENTLY, as previously announced in The; Watchman, the president of the Chinese republic, Yuan Shih-kai, in an article contributed to the Independent (New York) explicitly denied that he or his associates in the government had any intention of establishing a monarchy in China, and explicitly affirmed that as far as they were concerned the republic would by all means be maintained. December 11 word was received from Peking that Yuan Shih-kai had accepted the throne of China tendered to him by the “council of state.” Probably this affords a good illustration of the nature of the Oriental mind.
y^ND now we are to have a countrywide campaign for peace by the Church Peace Union, with its $2,000,000 foundation given by Andrew Carnegie, the World Alliance of the Churches for the Promotion of International Friendships, and the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, in which ministers of all denominations are to participate, and the country will be reached by “flying squadrons.” Ministers and churches seem to have time for everything else in the world but the preaching of the old-fashioned gospel, which is the only thing in the world which will bring peace to the human heart, where it must be before it ever prevails in the world.
DOWN in Georgia they lynched a prisoner after the governor had commuted his sentence. Up in Rhode Island they assassinated a judge who refused to temporize with a lawless element. Human nature is much the same regardless of State lines.
/CHRISTIAN organizations for men in the United States and Canada report membership figures as follows: Gideons, 45,000; Brotherhoods, 200,000; Young Men’s Christian Associations, 597,245; men’s Bible classes, 5,000,000.
Sundry Observations
Here, There, and Everywhere Carlyle B. Haynes
DOOZE is fast losing all the friends it ever had. And now it loses its standing as a “medicine.” In the last revision of the United States Pharmacopeia it was decided to remove whiskey and brandy from its list of drugs and medicines. Thus John Barleycorn loses another leg.
Y\7E have some doubt about the correctness of the doctrine that the surest !way to secure peace is to be the best prepared for war after observing Germany, France, England, Russia, and Italy. And we are not quite sure that the best way to secure peace is to make no preparations for war after watching Japan doing what it pleases with China. Nor can we put much confidence in arbitration and peace treaties as means of securing peace after we have read the record of Belgium. War is in the human heart and that must be changed before peace can be secured. And the human heart cannot be changed by preparations for war, or treaties of peace, or arbitration. So we do }not have much confidence that any or all of these man-
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made schemes, to procure peace will have any effect at all in gaining the desired end.
Y\7HEN they shall say, Peace and safety, then sudden destruction cometh upon them.”
is it necessary to go so far from home. Civilization provides a few incentives to virtue and a few restraints against vice. Take these away in any community and there will be reenacted all the barbarities we have been reading about in Europe.
""pHOSE who are at the head of our ship of state have just as much power to avert war as the captain of a ship at sea has to avert shipwreck. If the vessel is lost by the captain’s neglect or incompetence, he is tried and condemned. Why should not the rulers of the nations be judged for their negligence and incapacity?
Man is a piece of hungry flesh. A Japanese philos pher said that “man has just three hairs more than a monkey.” His civilization is nothing more than a veneer. Strip it off and there lies exposed all of the primitive passions of barbarians. Witness the atrocities in Belgium, in Galicia, in Armenia. Nor
rTO kill one person is murder. How is it that to kill ten thousand persons is heroism, glory, patriotism,— and is not murder? In the killing of one person there may be no premeditation, and there may be sudden anger, temporary insanity, and overwrought passion. Yet it is murder. In the killing of ten thousand persons there may be the deepest-laid plot, the utmost premeditation, the laying of plans to kill by men in full possession of their senses, yet it is not murder. I do not believe it.
JDRAY for your enemies,’ said the Author of the Christian religion. Aud they are doing it in Europe — that they may be defeated and slaughtered.
Astronomical Observations on the Bosporus
Observer: “I really can’t understand this phenomenon; that moon appears to be rising when it ought to be setting.”
(sss artici,b on paos io.)
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Not the Millennium after All!
Popular Preacher (a. d. 1913): “Methinks I see the Millennial day at hand. Its dawning light is already visible on yon horizon. The world is growing better; we are about to enter the glad day of peace and righteousness, when wars will be no more,” etc.
A Closer View — a. d. 1914
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International Film Service
Young Austrian Officers Swearing Allegiance to the Flag before Leaving for the Front. A Priest Is Blessing/their Swords with “Holy Water.”
PHOTO BY BOSTON PHOTO NEWS CO.
Firing the Mammoth Austrian Skoda Gun, the Huge Shells from Which Have Demolished the
Strongest Fortifications
General WArti cles •
The Attack Upon the Freedom of the Press
A Bill That Would Subvert the First Amendment to the Constitution
CLAUDE E. HOLMES
THE first day of the sixty-fourth Congress saw a renewal of the attack upon our free press. It was not unexpected, for Catholic papers and speakers have been serving notices to that effect since the close of the preceding Congress and without doubt are behind the measure. The bill (H. R. 491) was proposed in the House by Isaac Siegel, of New York. It provides “that whenever a complaint in writing shall be filed with the postmaster-general that any publication making use of or being sent through the mails contains any article therein which tends to expose any race, creed, or religion to either hatred, contempt, ridicule, or obloquy, he shall forthwith cause an investigation to be made under his direction and shall within twenty days after receipt of such complaint, if the facts contained therein are true, make an order forbidding the further use of the mails to any such publication, but nothing herein contained shall be deemed to prevent the postmaster-general from restoring such use of the mails to any such publication whenever it shall be established to his satisfaction that the publication has ceased to print or publish such prohibited matter and given him satisfactory assurances in writing that there will be no further repetition of the same.” This evidently was planned some time
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ago. It must have been quite generally known to Roman Catholics, for we read in the Intermountain Catholic paper, printed in Salt Lake City: “Congressman-elect Siegel, of New York, will advocate the passage of a bill in the next Congress that will prohibit the use of the mails to any publication making it a practise to defame any creed, race, or religion.”—Nov. 6, 1915.
His measure is a comprehensive one — covering “any publication.” This embraces books, papers, tracts, pamphlets, printed circulars, etc.
In 1835 objection was made to certain newspapers because of what they taught. Some individuals thought the use of the mails should be denied to them. The postmaster-general, in replying, said:
Upon careful examination of the law, I am satisfied that the postmaster-general has no legal authority to exclude newspapers from the mails, nor prohibit their carriage or delivery on account of their character or tendency, real or supposed. Probably it was not thought safe to confer on the head of an executive department a power over the press, which might be perverted and abused.— Printed in the New York Evening Post, Aug. 18, 1835.
Practically the same position was taken by the present postmaster-general when Roman Catholic protests began to arise against anti-Catholic publications.
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Congress cannot rightfully pass such a bill. In defining the powers of Congress, the Constitution specifically states that “NO LAW” shall be passed abridging the freedom of the press. Yet in spite of both the inhibition of the Constitution and the decisions of postmaster-generals, Roman Catholics are trying to force a contrary, papal interpretation upon this nation. Note the activity of Senator O’Gorman, as described in one of his letters, printed in the Catholic Tablet of Jan. 16, 1915:
Several times during the past eighteen months I have discussed with the postmaster-general the question of excluding the objectionable papers from the use of the mails, and, some four or five months since, wrote the President a very strong protest on the subject. He subsequently informed me that the postmaster-general had been advised that the language as embodied in the law on the subject was not
most numerous Christian body in this country; when their worship is derided, their ministers defamed, and the things which they cherish as dear and sacred are subjected to obloquy and ridicule; when they are wrongfully accused of being bad citizens and of holding a foreign power in more respect and greater awe than they hold the Constitution of their own country — then, I say, it is time to call a halt.”— Congressional Record, March 4, 1915.
It is difficult to take seriously such statements as the one quoted above. A prominent American citizen is now being prosecuted by Roman Catholics for sending “obscene matter” through the mails. And this matter is nothing else than extracts, in Latin, from a Roman Catholic publication, some of its own moral theology, written by a “saint”!
“ Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press.”—First Amendment to the Federal Constitution.
sufficient to justify prosecution of the persons publishing and mailing the objectionable papers.
I then presented a memorandum of my views of the law both to the President and to the postmaster-general and insisted that the law is sufficiently comprehensive to justify the postmaster-general in promulgating a department order excluding these and similar indecent publications from the use of the mails. This has not been done, but I have reason to believe that the President and the postmaster-general are now giving the matter careful consideration.
An idea of what is really comprehended in such a bill may be seen in the words of Representative William Kennedy of Connecticut. Referring to those publications whose purpose is to stir up “theological hatred,” he declared that “week after week there is poured from certain publications a series of scurrilous, indecent, and mendacious attacks on the religious beliefs and practises of the
Should the Catholic view of the free press be accepted in this country, it would soon be where Mexico has been for centuries. In countries where Roman power predominates, Protestant churches are not allowed to open on an ordinary street. In fact, they are not allowed to build or mark them in such a manner as to indicate that they are churches. This is done so as not to defame the “only true church”! There is no place in this country for views of that kind.
Because our federal Constitution denies to Congress the authority to pass a law interfering with the press, it does not follow that one can libel another with impunity without legal redress to the one defamed. Every State has laws for the protection of individual reputation and honor from vicious assaults. The State of New York, which sent Mr.
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Siegel to Washington, has this provision in its Constitution (Article I, Section 8):
Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or the press. In all criminal prosecutions or indictments for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted; and the jury shall have the right to determine the law and the fact.
A law of such a character as that proposed by Mr. Siegel would keep a large proportion of Protestant literature from the mails. If pushed to its logical conclusion, even the Protestant Bible could be included. For Catholics look upon it with contempt. When opportunity and conditions are favorable, Bibles are burned.
If Mr. Siegel’s bill should pass, it would place a tremendous burden and responsibility upon the shoulders of the postmaster-general. He would be obliged to render a decision within twenty days on every complaint that might
come. Judging from reports from Catholic sources as to the number of protests that poured in upon the postmaster-general only the past year, it would require a host of assistants to take care of the complaints.
Absolute freedom of speech is granted to our lawmakers in Congress. However, if one of them should attack the Catholic Church or say anything against its religion, as members of that faith have denounced some non-Catholics, 'it would be printed in the Congressional Record, and it could be denied access to the mails by the postmaster-general (under the Siegel Bill) until the government (or somebody) should apologize and promise never to do it again. That would be a house divided against itself. Such an un-American measure surely will not make a favorable impression upon our statesmen.
J^R. NAZIM BEY, a prominent Turkish official, says that the success of Germany in the present war would mean the restoration of Turkish independence.
Photo by Universal Press Syndicate
Polish Refugees Returning to Their Homes after the Russians Had Been Driven Out
THE TWO THRONES
N. J. WALLDORFF
(Third Article)
The Throne of Iniquity
WHEN God called Abram to leave his country he gave him the promise, “In thee shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.’’ Gen. 12:2, 3. The promise was repeated in Gen. 26: 4, thus, “And in thy Seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed.” Paul tells us that that seed is Christ. Gal. 3: 16. The gospel was preached unto Abraham. Gal. 3: 8. When would the blessing be extended to the nations? At what time were the heathen to be justified by faith? In the following paragraphs these two questions will be answered from a scriptural standpoint.
Previous to the time of Abram, the conflict between the throne of righteousness and the throne of iniquity consisted in man against man, society against society. But with Nimrod, organized national opposition to the establishment of the throne of righteousness began. Satan, the prince of the throne of iniquity begins to organize one nation after another. He introduces his own worship, sun worship, ancestor worship, etc., the one principle — selfishness — underlying them all. Satan’s kingdom is divided against itself. It is split into endless systems of worship, but all systems and all factions in his kingdom are unanimously opposed to the true worship of God and salvation by Jesus Christ.
In due course of time Joseph, a descendant of Abraham, was sold into
Egypt as a slave. But God prospered him, and before many years he became prime minister of Egypt, as a result of his obedience to God; for the Word of the Lord tried him. Ps. 105: 19;. Gen. 39: 9. Soon his family came down into Egypt, and dwelt in the land of Goshen. With them all came the blessing of Abraham — salvation by faith in Christ.
God gives Egypt its hour of probation. The Egyptians have an opportunity to accept the principles of the throne of righteousness — to be justified by faith; Egypt, enslaved in sun worship, makes a feeble effort to reform by exalting Joseph to the highest position next to the king. Satan, the real prince of Egypt, sees his kingdom in danger and determines to crush every loyal soul of the throne of righteousness. When a new king arises who does not know Joseph, he instigates the king to afflict the children of Israel. But the more they are afflicted, the more they increase. A decree is then issued to destroy every male child born amongst the Hebrews. Satan determines to annihilate the nation, but the very decree of destruction is turned by God into a plan of national delivery by sending Moses to the court of Egypt.
When God delivered his people from Egyptian bondage, the prince of the throne of iniquity summoned the host of darkness to overwhelm and conquer the followers of that illuminating cloud — the throne of righteousness. The attempt
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ended in utter failure, for the whole host was drowned in the Red Sea. Ex. 14: 26-31. Satan’s purpose being defeated, he stirs up another nation which is under his control, namely, the Amalek-ites. They opposed the throne of the Lord, for we read, “Because the hand of Amalek is against the throne of the Lord.” Ex. 17: 16, margin. But God fought on the side of Israel and gave them victory.
From this time forward a continual warfare wages between these two opposing forces. Never will there be an armistice until the victory is won. Space will not permit a consecutive record of every battle fought in the contest for the possession of this earth. Only the principal events will be dealt with. Satan has no opposition to offer against a purely civil kingdom being established, but it is a fact that the purpose of God was to make the children of Israel a “kingdom of priests, and a holy nation” (Ex. 19:5, 6), and this aroused Satan to oppose every advance move made. When one plan failed, he invented another. The most successful plan introduced amongst the children of Israel in order to destroy them was the mixing of holy seed with the unholy. Just on the border of the promised land Balaam counseled the Midianites to invite the Israelites to their feasts of idolatry and heathen worship. Num. 25; 31: 16. The result was terrible. The throne of righteousness was in danger of extinction. The sin of Baal-peor, the fornication commited by the children of Israel with the people of darkness, should have been an object lesson forever. Never did Satan introduce a better plan to destroy the throne of God. This was Satan’s master-stroke.
Severe was the punishment, but soon it was forgotten. From the time of the passing over Jordan as an independent and free nation, to the time of again passing that river as a captive nation
under Babylon, a long time intervenes. During this period of time, at intervals, it looks as though God’s plan to establish his throne in the earth would succeed; but wicked kings arise who lead Israel astray. One of these, Manasseh, “built altars in the house of the Lord, of which the Lord said, In Jerusalem will I put my name. And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord. . . . And he seta graven image of the grove in the house” of God. 2 Kings 21: 4-6.
The throne of God and the throne of iniquity stand side by side. It looks as though Satan would succeed in obliterating the name of God from Jerusalem; but a reformer arises whose name is Josiah, the grandson of Manasseh. He destroys the work of Satan and restores the true worship of God. Soon after his death the kingdom of Judah passes over Jordan as a defeated nation under the yoke of Babylon. It had failed to fulfil God’s purpose to preach the gospel to the nations around.
God resolves to show to the mighty empires of Babylon and Medo-Persia that what he cannot accomplish by an organized nation as a whole, he will carry through by consecrated individuals of that nation. When the children of Israel enter Babylon they carry with them the gospel preached unto Abraham. They are not there long before the prince of darkness lays a plan to destroy the true worship of God and his throne in the earth. An image is set up in the plain of Dura. At the sound of music every citizen of the empire is commanded to bow before the image; but the three Hebrews refuse to bow. Summoned before King Nebuchadnezzar, Shad-rach, Meshach, and Abednego remain firm to the obedience of the law of God. The king could have reasoned with them thus: “Daniel told me not long since, that the Lord God gave me
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this kingdom, and I am this head of gold.” Dan. 2:37, 38. The three Hebrews could have read Jeremiah 25: 9, where God calls the king of Babylon “his servant.” But no! they understand the principle of true worship. The king they knew to be the servant of God only in civil capacity and not in religious worship. The image erected was a violation of the first and second commandments. The king casts them into a fiery oven, but God delivers them. The king issues a decree that the God of the Hebrews is the true God and shall be worshiped.
The whole empire is aroused. The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob has vindicated his name and character before the whole empire. To Babylon the principles of the government of God are being demonstrated. Will they accept them?— No. Only for a while there seems to be a reformation. Daniel 3, 4. Soon the empire is hopelessly involved in sin against God. The Lord overthrows this Babylonian Empire, and Media and Persia enter upon the scene. The prince of darkness once more stirs
up a national decree against God's children. This time Daniel stands firm for the honor of God. The decree of the king forbade any man asking anything for thirty days except of the king. But Daniel remains true to principle and prays three times a day to God. For this he is cast into the den of lions; but God delivers him, and Darius issues a world-wide decree that the God of the Hebrews must be worshiped. Daniel 6.
Satan's plan has been twice defeated. The very thing he hates most of all is now accomplished. The name of the God of heaven reaches to earth’s remotest bounds. A few more decrees like these and where will the throne of iniquity be? He sets himself to perfect a plan of deception, so innocent in its appearance, yet so deadly in its effects that its victim or victims once under the control of that deception would sink into such a stupid condition of mind that the plan of salvation by faith in Christ, the gospel preached unto Abraham, would not be comprehended or accepted.
{To be concluded)
COPYRIGHT BY INTERNATIONAL NEWS SERVICE-
King Haakon, of Norway (left), King Gustav, of Sweden (center), and King Christian, of Denmark (right), Who Recently Held a Conference at Which They Agreed to Stand Together for Peace and Neutrality
When and Where Born—Ancestry—Father’s Death—Education—Surveyor-Marriage—President—Religion—Illness and Death
A. L. MANOUS
THERE have been volumes and volumes written on the life of George Washington, especially touching his official life. But in this brief compilation it has been the aim of the compiler to bring together from various authorities a few of those personal facts relating to the “Father of his country, ” which never fail to interest Americans, both young and old.
When and Where Born
John Washington was the founder of the Washington family in America, and George Washington was his great-grandson, bom Feb. 22, 1732, on Pope’s Creek, Va., about one-half mile from the Potomac.—William M. Thayer, "Successful Careers'* p. 196.
He was bom in Westmoreland County, Va., near the confluence of the Bridge’s Creek and the Potomac River, Feb. 22, 1732, and was the oldest son of Augustine Washington by his second wife, Mary Ball.—“ The New International Encyclopedia,” Vol. XVII, p. 535.
Washington’s Ancestry
He came of good English stock, being descended from the Washingtons of Northamptonshire.—Funk and WagnalVs " Standard Encyclopedia,” Vol. XXV, p. 204.
He was descended from an old and titled English family, and was the eldest child of his father’s second wife, Mary Ball.—Benson J. Lossing, LL.D., "Harper's Popular Cyclopedia of United States History,” Vol. II, p. 1481.
His Father’s Death
Soon after George’s birth his father removed to a farm on the Rappahannock River, opposite Fredricksburg, where he died in 1743. This estate was bequeathed to George; the other children were handsomely provided for, etc. —"The New International Encyclopedia,” Vol. XVII, p. 535•
The father died suddenly in 1743, leaving to Lawrence the estate on the Potomac, afterwards known as Mount Vernon, and to George
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the lands and mansion where they were then living.—"Library of Historic Characters," Vol. VI, p. 5.
His Mother
His father died when George was a small child, and the task of the education and guidance of the future leader through the dangers of youthhood devolved upon his mother. So judicious was her training that Washington, through life, remembered her affectiopate care with profound gratitude.—Lossing, p. 1481.
His mother was a woman of strong character, of whom George Washington Parke Custis, wrote: “She held in reserve an authority which never departed from her, not even when her son had become the most illustrious of men. It seemed to say, “I am your mother, the being who gave you life, the guide who directed your steps when they needed the guidance of age and wisdom, the parental affection which claimed your love, the parental authority which commanded your obedience; whatever may be your success, whatever your renown, next to your God, you owe them most to me.” Nor did the chief dissent from these truths; but to the last moments of the life of his venerable parent, he yielded to her will the most dutiful and implicit obedience, and felt for her person and character the most holy reverence and attachment.—Thayer, pp. 196, 197.
George inherited his mother’s prudence, dignity, and reserve, and he attributed the success of his career to the moral, intellectual, and physical training received from her.—"Library of Historic Characters," Vol. VI, p. 6.
Here are some good and encouraging thoughts for both parents and youth to consider. Especially should these thoughts be of help to the many, many mothers upon whom the responsibility largely, or perhaps wholly, falls of training their children alone.
Washington’s Education
He received his education from a private tutor; and was particularly instructed in mathe-
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matics and engineering.—J. L. Blake, D. D., “A General Biographical Dictionary,” p. 973.
George was a very manly boy. John Fitz-hugh wrote of him, "He was bom a man.” He began to attend school at five years of age, though it was a poor one, taught by one Hobby, who lived in a tenement belonging to George’s father.—Thayer, p 197.
The rudiments of education were received in the "old field” school, under master Hobby. Some of the books containing his school exercises are still preserved, and show the methodical carefulness which characterized him throughout life.—" Library of Historic Characters,” Vol. VI, p. 6.
At ten years of age George was sent to Mr. William’s school at Bridge’s Creek, one of the best schools in Virginia at the time. Here he added bookkeeping and surveying to the branches already pursued. He gave attention also to drawing and sketching. His industry and application won the highest praise of his teacher. He advanced, too, in manliness, and was implicitly trusted as a truthful, reliable, and model boy.—Thayer, p. 198.
His school days closed a month before his sixteenth birthday.—Thayer, p. 200.
These little experiences from Washington’s school days cannot help but inspire the observing youth of today with a desire to be more manly careful, industrious, truthful, and reliable as their school days go by. “Let no man despise thy youth; but be thou an example,” is the apostle Paul’s injunction to the youth. 1 Tim. 4: 12-16.
Appointed Surveyor
Soon after leaving school, George went to live with his brother Lawrence at Mount Vernon (named in honor of the admiral), where he devoted himself for a time to the study of mathematics and land surveying.—" Library of Historic Characters,” Vol. VI, p. 6.
When he was seventeen years of age he had become one of the most accurate land surveyors in Virginia. He was appointed public surveyor at the age of eighteen.—Los sing, p. 1481.
His first employment in the field was beyond the Blue Ridge, where he was engaged for three years surveying the lands of Lord Fairfax, of Greenway Court, and had for his companion in the first tour, George William Fairfax, who afterwards returned to England.—“Library of Historic Characters,” Vol. VI, p. 6.
Surveyors were scarce, and the remuneration
was ample, and as the young Virginian was economical, he saved money and acquired property by the purchase long before he reached his majority.—" The New International En-cycUpedia, Vol. XVII, p. 535.
His faithfulness in his school work was already beginning to be rewarded. “Seest thou a man diligent in his business? he shall stand before kings; he shall not stand before mean men.” Prov. 22:29. Let the young people be faithful in improving the time to the best possible advantage and it will bring its reward.
Marriage
In 1758 he fell in love with a rich young widow, Martha Custis, whom he married in 1759. His niece was now dead, and the combined estates of Mount Vernon and of the widow Custis made him one of the richest men in the land. He kept open house and entertained liberally.—Funk and Wagnall's “Standard Encyclopedia," Vol. XXV, p. 204.
On Jan. 6, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha Custis, a young widow with two children, John and Martha Parke Custis, and wealthy in her own right.—" The New International Encyclopedia,” Vol. XVII, p. 536.
Washington’s wife, who was of nearly the age with him, is described as having been amiable in character and lovely in person. She was the daughter of Colonel John Dandridge, of New Kent County, and was bom in May, 1732. Her first husband, to whom she was married in June, 1749, was Daniel Parke Custis, a wealthy planter.—Ibid.
Age When President
Washington on entering on the presidency was fifty-seven years of age, of dignified appearance, athletic in build, but somewhat impaired from the effects of two wars.—“Library of Historic Characters," Vol. VI, p. 13.
Washington was six feet two inches high, with brown hair, blue eyes, large head, and strong arms.—" Chamber's Encylcopedia,” Vol. X, p. 78.
He was president from April 30, 1789 to March 4, 1797,— seven years, ten months, and four days.
Washington’s Religious Principles
He was an exemplary member of the Episcopal Church.—" Chamber's Encyclopedia,” Vol. X, p. 7S.
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He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, but the exact nature of his religious opinions is a subject of controversy.—" The New International Encyclopedia,'* Vol. XVII, P• S39-
While the American army was under the command of General Washington, and lay encamped at Morristown, N. J., the following conversation is reported as having taken place between him and Dr. Jones, of the Presbyterian Church of that place. General Washington said:
" Doctor, I understand that the Lord’s Supper is to be celebrated with you next Sunday; I would learn if it accords with the canon of your church to admit communications of another denomination?” The Doctor rejoined: "Most certainly; ours is not the Presbyterian table, General, but the Lord’s table; and we have given the Lord’s invitation to all of his followers, of whatever name.” The General replied, "I am glad of it; that is as it ought to be; but as I was not quite sure of the fact, I thought I would ascertain it from yourself, as I propose to join with you on the occasion. Though a member of the Church of England, I have no exclusive partialities.”—Jared Sparks, “ The Writings of George Washington,” Vol. XII, p. 410.
From General Washington’s letter of “instructions” to Colonel Benedict Arnold, we take the following:
As far as lies in your power, you are to protect and support the free exercise of the religion of the country, and the undisturbed enjoyment of the rights of conscience in religious matters, with your utmost influence and authority.
Given under my hand, at headquarters, Cambridge, this 14th day of September, 1775. —Id., Vol. Ill, p. 89.
General Washington wrote to the Marquis De Lafayette, Philadelphia, Aug. 15, 1787:
Being no bigot myself to any mode of worship,
I am disposed to indulge the professors of Christianity in the church with that road to heaven, which to them shall seem the most direct, plainest, easiest, and least liable to exceptions.—Id., Vol. IX, p. 262.
Soon after President Washington was seated in his presidential chair, April 30	1789, various religious denomi-
nations began to send him memorials and to write him touching religious principles. To the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, President Washington replied in May, 1789, as follows:
While all men within our territories are protected in worshiping the Deity according to the dictates of their conscience, it is rationally to be expected from them in return, that they will all be emulous to evincing the sanctity of their professions, by the innocence of their lives and the beneficence of their actions; for no man who is profligate in his morals, or a bad member of the civil community, can possibly be a good Christian, or a credit to his own religious society.—Id., Vol. XII, pp. 152, 153.
On Aug. 8, 1798, the United Baptist churches of Virginia wrote President Washington expressing some fears that the constitution might not sufficiently assure religious liberty to all. In reply he said:
If I could have entertained the slightest apprehension that the Constitution framed by the convention where I had the honor to pre side might possibly endanger the religious rights of any ecclesiastical society, certainly I would never have placed my signature to it; and if I could now conceive that the general government might ever be so administered as to render the liberty of conscience insecure, 1 beg you will be persuaded that no one would be more zealous than myself to establish effectual barriers against the horrors of spiritual tyranny and every species of religious persecution. For, you doubtless remember, I have often expressed my sentiments that any man, conducting himself as a good citizen and being accountable to God alone for his religious opinions, ought to be protected in worshiping the Deity according to the dictates of his own conscience.— Id. Vol. XII, p. 155. {Also Armitage's “History of the Baptists,"pp. 806, 807.)
From Washington’s reply of October, 1789, to “the religious society called Quakers,” the following extract is taken:
Governments being, among other purposes, instituted to protect the persons and consciences of men from oppression, it certainly is the duty of rulers, not only to abstain from it themselves, but according to their station, to prevent it i:? others.
GENERAL ARTICLES
41
“The liberty enjoyed by the people of these states, of worshiping Almighty God agreeably to their consciences, is not only among the choicest of their blessings, but also of their rights. While men perform their social duties faithfully, they do all that society or the state can with propriety demand or expect; and remain responsible only to their Maker for the religion, or mode of faith, which they may prefer or profess.”—Id., Vol. XII, p. 168.
Once more, from Washington's letter to the members of the New Church in Baltimore, January, 1793, we take the following:
We have abundant reason to rejoice, that, in this land, the light of truth and reason has triumphed over the power of bigotry and superstition, and that every person may here worship God according to the dictates of his own heart. In this enlightened age, and in this land of equal liberty, it is our boast, that a man’s religious tenets will not forfeit the protection of the laws, nor deprive him of the right of attaining and holding the highest offices that are known in the United States.— Id. Vol. XII, p. 202.
From the foregoing extracts setting forth Washington’s religious liberty prin-
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A Grenade Mortar in Use in the French Trenches
ciples no one can fail to see that he was a strong advocate of the doctrine that every man should be protected in worshiping God according to the dictates of his own conscience; and that this “equal liberty” “will not forfeit the protection of the laws” of the Constitution to any one. But how are Washington’s religious liberty principles regarded today in the United States? —See the December (1915) issue of the Watchman, p. 545.
Washington’s Illness and Death
On Dec. 12, 1799, he was exposed in the saddle, for several hours, to cold and snow, and attacked with accute laryngitis, for which he was repeatedly and largely bled. He sank rapidly, and died on December 14.—“The New International Encyclopedia,” Vol. XVII, P- 539•
Or, as stated by another writer:
During a ride over his farm on Dec. 12, 1799, he exposed himself to cold during a storm of hail and snow; on the morning of the fourteenth he awoke with a chill and difficulty of breathing. The family physician was sent for, and two other medical men were in attendance. The patient, however, became worse, but continued to give some business directions and to send messages of rememberance to friends. He died that same night of acute laryngitis. His last words were, “It is well.” He was buried on his estate at Mount Vernon.—“ Library of Historic Characters,” Vol. VI, p. 15.
Washington lived to be sixty-seven years, nine months, and twenty-two days old. Had he lived until his birthday in 1916, he would have been 184 years old.
^JENERAL VILLA having abandoned the contest against the Carranza government in Mexico, it appears as if affairs in that country can now be adjusted upon a basis of lasting peace. The clerical party has, for the present at least, lost the battle in Mexico. General Carranza announces that he will not interfere with religious freedom in Mexico, but that the priests must keep out of politics.
Home
and Health
The Undefectives
By Kathleene Norris
[Recently in a Chicago hospital a baby born in a hopelessly defective condition, and whose life depended on a surgical operation, was allowed by the physician in charge to die. When the incident became known it created a public furor.]
In the world there has died a baby; eager to part with breath,
He has slipped from the world’s hot noises, back to the cool of death.
Sightless and dumb and unhearing, he is done with his days of pain!
—And an eager army has risen, a hast nJ; a baby slain!
Parents — clergymen — doctors — public debate runs wild
Among the hundreds of men and women who know the love of a child.
And their right to dispute his sentence, which one of us will gainsay?
But what of the other baby, who will die of neglect today?
Not a defective baby, shut in a world of its own,
But a conscious child, who is hungry, or sleepy, or cold, or alone.
A whole, sweet, confident baby, a baby with eyes and ears,
Who clings like a little soldier to the scanty hope of the years,
Until, in the cruel summer, or the winter’s cold, he goes,
A gallant baby outnumbered by a hundred subtle foes!
Foes in the milk we give him, foes in dirt and disease,
Dangers of street and gutter, and greater dangers than these
Born of a social system that counts the rent and the wage,
And keeps the heart of a baby shut up like a beast in a cage.
You, who have risen in protest, call this a crime if you will!
Or, better, go find a baby, perhaps one is living still,
Who will not be here tomorrow, whose battle is nearly done,
Who has lost the unequal struggle for comfort and food and sun.
Bring back his tiny conviction that the world is kind and right,
And that hunger and want and fever are only dreams in the night.
And when he is strong and happy, with his own little place on earth,
Then form your organization to save the deficient at birth.
Food and Drink as Related to Efficiency
D. H KRESS. M. D.
FOOD serves two purposes within the body. It supplies the material for building and repairing bones, muscles, nerves, and brain, and the fuel for the production of heat and energy. It is estimated that one part of the (42)
former is required to every nine parts of the latter. To illustrate: If we had a boiler that was able to make its own repairs and it should require the same proportion of these elements, it would be necessary to put into the furnace
HOME AND HEALTH
43
with every nine shovels full of coal one shovel full of iron filings or scraps. This is practically what we should aim to do in the selection of fuel for the human furnace, which is capable of making all its own repairs.
Starch, sugar, and fat are the fuel for the body, while the protein and salts supply the tissue-building material. These are arranged in wheat, oats, rice, barley, and other cereals in about the right proportion to meet the body’s needs. By subsisting largely upon such foods very little anxiety need be felt in regard to getting an excess of any one element.
An excess of starch, sugar, or fat above the actual needs of the body is not a serious matter, since it is stored up as adipose tissue or fats for future use as fuel. If we should put into the furnace two shovels full of iron filings to every nine shovels full of coal, this extra amount would clog the furnace, and would ultimately extinguish the fire. This is what actually takes place in the human body when daily an excess of the tissue-forming element is eaten. Nature has made no provision for an excess of this element. Even though it is burned up within the body it leaves behind a residue, which acts injuriously to it, popularly known as uric acid.
Fortunately, the various elements needed by the body are found in foods derived from the vegetable kingdom— the grains, legumes, fruits, and nuts— in the right proportion.
Should we add to these foods a liberal supply of meat, which is composed wholly of muscle, we could not avoid getting an excess of the tissue building material, and thus clog the living furnace and machine. This is practically the condition which exists in gout, rheumatism, and in arteriosclerosis.
Today we consume in the United States over two hundred twenty pounds
of meat anually per capita, or about three fourths of a pound each day. No other country in the world, with the exception of Australasia, consumes such an amount.
Food should contain the needed elements in about the right proportion, but further than this it should not have concealed within it products which are injurious to the system, neither should the food be of a nature to readily undergo putrefaction within the alimentary canal and thus become a poison.
Meat is unsuitable as a food because it has impurities concealed within it which are injurious to the human body, and beside this it is a food which easily undergoes putrefactive changes in the alimentary tract. The products thus formed poison the body, lower man’s efficiency, and shorten life.
Food may be nutritious and be inferior in quality. Out of inferior building material it is impossible to erect a substantial building. The idea prevails that it matters very little what we eat, that the digestive organs are capable in some way of transforming poor food into good tissue, but this is a mistake. All the digestive juices can do, is to dissolve the material furnished them. It would be almost as absurd to expect a shoemaker to make a good pair of shoes out of poor leather as to expect to build good bones, muscles, nerves, and brain out of inferior food.
A poor pair of shoes may be made over the same last, and possess the same polish as the good shoes, but the shoes made out of good leather will outwear the shoes made out of poor leather.
We wonder why there are so many nervous breakdowns, and why so many deaths at an age when men should be prepared to be of the greatest service to mankind. These breakdowns and
44
THE WATCHMAN
premature deaths are seldom due to overwork. They are due to inferior nerve and brain structure.
A robust appearance is not necessarily an indication of health or efficiency; frequently it is an evidence of degeneracy. The beer drinker may have a flushed face, but he is considered a poor risk by insurance companies and by surgeons. The one who subsists largely on meats may have an abundance of tissue, but it is of an inferior quality. Meat is usually withheld from patients in preparing them for surgical operations. It lessens the danger in administering the anaesthetic and favors healing of the wound.
One hundred years ago we exercised less care in the erection of our city dwellings than we do today. The destruction of a few of our large cities by fire has taught us a lesson. We have provided better fire protection. This has not been sufficient; in addition we are now erecting fire-roof and earthquake-proof buildings. The former in-flamable building material no longer answers the purpose.
One hundred years ago epidemic germ diseases repeatedly swept over the land and at times depopulated entire communities. This too has taught us a lesson. We now afford protection to those who would formerly, because of lowered resistance of the body tissues, have fallen victims to such diseases.
This is well, but it is necessary to do more than this; we must at the same time urge upon all the need of selecting better material, and erecting germ-proof body buildings. Unless this is done, premature decay and death will result even though protection is afforded from germ diseases.
There probably never was a time when there was a greater number of chronic invalids in the United States than at present. There never was a
time when there was more of a demand for doctors, nurses, hospitals, sanitariums, and asylums than today. It is estimated that three millions of people are constantly disabled on account of sickness in the United States.
The greater number of nervous wrecks and the rapid increase in the mortality rate after the age of forty-five years, from heart failure, apoplexy, Bright’s disease, diabetes, cancer, and other degenerative diseases, during the past half century, should teach us the need of selecting more suitable material out of which to construct better and more enduring bodies.
But instead of being more careful, we are becoming more reckless. This is shown by the fact that each year a much greater sum is expended for beer, wine, tea, coffee, and flesh meat than the year before.
In the Scriptures the body is termed a “temple,” in which God desires his habitation. When Solomon erected at Jerusalem a temple as a “dwelling place for the Most High,” he passed by the material employed in the erection of ordinary buildings. Nothing but the best would answer the purpose. Cedars were brought from Lebanon and stones from afar. When the building was finished, a part of the interior was overlaid with pure gold. We should exercise the wisdom of a Soloman in the selection of suitable body-building material.
Daniel, the Hebrew captive in Babylon, when commanded to eat at the royal table, “purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the portion of the king’s meat, nor with the wine that he drank.” He requested instead that he might have “pulse to eat and water to drink.” God honored Solomon by filling the temple built by him, with his presence. The same God honored Daniel by revealing in and through him his presence.
HOME AND HEALTH
45
The face of Daniel appeared fairer and better than did those who ate at the royal table, and in all matters of wisdom he was ten times better; and aside from this, at the age of ninety, instead of being an object of charity, he was at his best intellectually. At this advanced age he held the position of prime minister of the Medo-Persian empire, and so accurate and well was his work done that his enemies had to admit that there could be no fault found except it be concerning the law of his God.
What we eat and drink has much to do with what we are morally.
There are certain drinks and foods which tend to destroy self-control and to give loose reins to the animal nature; among these may be mentioned beer, wine, and meats. Good men and women use these, but while doing so they cannot become morally what they might have become had they never used them.
Even wholesome foods may be com-
bined in such a way as to favor fermentation in the stomach, and it is almost impossible for a person to have a sour stomach and a sweet disposition at the same time.
Much of the misery and crime which exists is traceable to autointoxication. Much of the unpleasantness in homes and many of the divorces are due to errors in eating and drinking, hence the importance of becoming intelligent in regard to what to eat and what to drink for health and efficiency.
The Divorce Problem in Chicago
^CCORDING to the report recently issued by Chicago’s divorce statistician, there were 3,458 divorces in that city last year, and the suits pending at the close of the year were nearly two thousand. More than three-fourths of
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Russian War Orphans Mothered by Nuns of the Greek Church
46
THE WATCHMAN
the applications for divorce were made by women, and more than forty per cent of the total number were granted because of desertion. Of the more than 3,400 couples granted divorces, only 73 owned homes, and in 2,171 cases there were no children. While against this record of separations there were 33,897 marriage licenses issued in the same period, yet it is a showing that gives reason for grave concern on the part of those who believe that the home is the foundation of national strength and prosperity.— Nashville Christian Advocate.
3^ to 4 per cent nicotine and also low grade at an average of 1.35 per cent, it is seen that the latter is far from proving as inoffensive as was thought. Although the details of the phenomenon differ, the result is that even with the weak tobacco the action of the heart is paralyzed after a certain time. Such action is therefore not exclusively due to nicotine, or even in fact exclusively to tobacco, for tests made with oak leaves, for instance, showed that it is to be ascribed to the multiple products of combustion which are contained in smoke of widely different origin.—Scientific American.
Effect of Tobacco on the Heart
J7RENCH scientists find that tobacco, even when denicotinized, has a marked and deleterious effect upon the heart. For some time past, such effect was noticed upon the large blood vessels such as the aorta, but the present researches concern the heart proper, and it also appears that the action is not, as might be supposed, due to the nicotine proper, for smoke from other sources appears to have the same bad effect, and even in tobacco this does not depend on the proportion of nicotine. The present work was carried out at the physiological laboratories of the Paris Medical College and the results presented before the Biological Society. A graphic method was employed to observe the contractions of the heart, and the isolated organ was acted upon by the smoke of different brands of tobacco, such smoke being dissolved in Ringer’s solution, such as is used by Carrel and others for preservation of tissues. As this liquid is not toxic, it does not affect the results. It is found that using the smoke solution, the heart beats grow less and less, then the heart stops, unless it is restored by pure Ringer’s solution. It is then asked what part the nicotine plays in this action, and, using high grade French tobacco with
pHE United States government maintains seventy schools for natives in Alaska, which have an enrolment of 3,666 pupils. There are forty-three schools for white people in the same territory.
pHAT Christian missionary work in India is accomplishing much is shown by the report that in Mysore the number of child widows under ten years of age has decreased from 18,000 in 1891 to 300 at the time of the last census.
pHE Federal Commission on Industrial Relations, which has been investigating the situation in the Colorado mining industry, has rendered a report which puts the blame for the recent outbreak of civil war in that section of the State, upon the mine owners, led by the Rockefellers, who refused to grant a conference to a representative committee of workmen. The report affirms that the miners’ strike in that country was a revolt by whole communities against the arbitrary economical, political, and social domination by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company and the smaller companies that followed their lead. This domination was carried to such an extreme that in two entire counties in the
HOME AND HEALTH
47
southern part of the State, popular government ceased to exist, and large groups of citizens were reduced to a state of economic and political serfdom. Accompanying each count in this accusation is a mass of evidence in its support.
The World’s Greatest Organ
IN John Wanamaker’s store, probably 1 the largest in the world, is the most wonderful instrument of music ever made by man, the great organ made famous at the St. Louis Exposition. Daily musical concerts are given on it at this store by Dr. Irvin J. Morgan, one of the greatest living organists. Recently at one of these concerts, he played a new musical publication, entitled “The Refuge Psalm.” The effect upon the listeners is thus described:
I shall never forget the solemn and overwhelming impression made not only upon me, but apparently up§h all who heard the wonderful rendering on the grand organ by Dr. Morgan of “The Refuge Psalm” at the n o’clock concert, Nov. 4, 1915. The majestic words of the wonderful forty-sixth Psalm were a theme worthy of the greatest instrument of music ever invented by man. The instrument speaks from faintest sweetest echo to mighty peals of thunder. With stately tread the organ marched through the music of these words, “God is our Refuge and Strength,” repeated twice, and very tenderly, comfortingly spoke of him also as “A very present help in trouble.” Then, as a great army marching, “Therefore will not we fear though the earth be removed and though the mountains be carried into the midst of the sea.” Then, as softly as an echo from the Holy City above, the peaceful flowing of the River of Life, “There is a river the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God.” Then the promise, “God shall help her when the morning appeareth,” rising through an appealing minor, to a great major climax of confidence and trust. Pathetically through the music there seemed to speak hope and solemn faith. Then the mighty rush and roar of the warlike chorus, “He breaketh the bow and cutteth the spear in sunder; he bumeth the chariot in fire-In-The-Fire,” and all the mighty power of the burning words of the Psalm seemed
to flame in lightening flash and burst in a terrific crash of thunder from the great organ. A startling and awful silence for a moment, then soft as an echo, and yet clearly and with solemn authority, the most majestic command, “Be still and know that I am God”; and then more solemn than all before it, the music of the words, “The Lord of Hosts is with us, the God of Jacob is our refuge.” It seemed as though the bells of heaven rang down to us that wonderful praise as we heard it voiced by the Tower Chimes of this beautiful instrument. Tears were in the eyes of many who knew the words and music of the Psalm, and strangers listened with rapt and almost breathless hush; and immediately after the music closed they inquired of the organist, “What was the last number?” And Dr. Morgan said to me, “Why that last part of the Psalm is like a beautiful prayer.” He had felt the spirit power of the thought, and feeling it, had spoken with true musical inspiration th ough the great organ.
Any one wishing to secure the Refuge Psalm set to music can do so by addressing Pann Music Company, Philadelphia, Pa., Box 6329.
Biennia] Meeting Southern Publishing Association
Notice is hereby given that the first biennial meeting, being the seventh meeting of the constituency of the Southern Publishing Association of Seventh-day Adventists, will be held March 20, 1916, at 7 P. M., at their office, 2119-2123 24th Ave. North, Nashville, Tenn. for the purpose of electing a Board of Directors for the ensuing two years, and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting.
The members of this corporation are: its Board of Directors; and (1) the Executive Committee of the Southern Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, (unincorporated); (2), the Executive Committee of the Southeastern Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, (unincorporated); (3), the Executive Committee of the Southwestern Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, (unincorporated); (4), such members of the Seventh-day Adventist General Conference Committee as may be present at any regulnr or called meeting of the Association; (5), such members of the Seventh-day Adventist North American Division Conference Committee as may be present at any regular or called meeting of the Association; (6), the Managers of the Branch Houses of the Association; (7). such stockholders of the Southern Publishing Association of Nashville. Tennessee, (a stock company) as have donated their stock in said Association to the Southern Publishing Association of Seventh-day Adventists (incorporated).
S. E. Wight, President.
M. F. Knox, Secretary.
DR. GODSMARK’S	^
Hygienic Cooking Oil
The shortening used by vegetarians. Shipped everywhere from I .ouisville, Ky.
10 gal. $8.80
Address, DR. O. C. GODSMARK. Chattanooga, Tenn. i
48
THE WATCHMAN
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THE WATCHMAN
Nashville, Tennessee
Peace Talk
THERE is at the present time considerable “peace talk.” This peace talk will, in all probability, materially increase during the next few months; and, furthermore, there is good reason to expect that the pope will figure in it to no small extent. In view of this situation, the little book, “The Vatican and the War,” by Dr. P. T. Magan, will be found to be of unusual interest and value. The information it contains is thoroughly reliable, and the knowledge gained from a careful study of this book will enable one to better understand and appreciate what is involved in this war and to obtain a clearer conception of its significance and of the probable outcome.
“The Vatican and the War” contains 128 pages and is well illustrated. For single copies the price is 50 cents for the cloth bindihg, and 25 cents for the paper cover. However, a liberal discount is allowed to those selling the book, or on orders for one hundred or more copies at one time.
Although the book has been off the press only a very few months, fifty thousand copies have already been sold, and it is not unreasonable to expect that within a short time this number will be greatly exceeded.
For further information or for copies of the book, address our depository for your State, whose address you will find on page 48 of this magazine.
Southern Publishing Association.
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HERALDS OF THE MORNING
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Half leather, $3.00 Full cloth, $2.00
PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
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Its six sections—Creation and Fall; Angels, Good and Evil; Immortality; Spiritualism; Miraculous Manifestations; and Closing Events—give complete answers to such questions as the origin of the race, the nature of man, the mysteries of the future, and how we shall spend eternity. Spiritualism, Hypnotism, Christian Science, New Thought, and Pantheism, are also fully treated. Illustrated, and printed in colors. 528 pages.
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UNITED STATES IN PROPHECY
Or,
“Our Country, Its Past, Present, and Future, and What the Scriptures Say of It.”
BY L. A. SMITH
The question naturally arises as to whether a nation so great and so vitally concerned with the political and moral welfare of mankind, and with so many tokens of divine providence in its history, is noticed in the prophecies of Holy Writ, which have outlined the careers of other nations before it. If so, what is the future of this country, and what part is it to act in the closing scenes of this world’s history ?
These and many similar questions are answered in this book. It contains 512 pages, and over 200 illustrations. Bound in two styles.
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