Herald 
tie of Health 
Vol. 5 �Lucknow, U. P., June, 1914 �
No. 6 
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VOL. V �
NO. 6 
Contents, June, 1914 
GENERAL 
Factors in the Spread of Tubercu- 
losis, �
.. �
• • �
• • 
Hot Weather and Health, �
.. 
'• 
Follies of Fashion and Their Con-
sequence, 
15‘1 
Sanitation in Indian Schools, 
164 
MOTHER AND CHILD 
The Baby's Brother and Sisters, 
165 
Portable Nursery Walls, �
.. 
167 
Convenienc4 for the Nursery, 
167 
Homemade Modelling Clay, 
167 
Good Out of Adversity, �
.. 
167 
EDITORIAL 
A Tropical Day, �
.. 
168 
The Simplicity of Dress, �
170 
DISEASES AND THEIR PECULIARITIES 
Prickly Heat and Dhobi's Itch, �
.. 
HEALTHFUL COOKERY 
171 
Vegetarian Sandwiches, 
173 
Second-Hand Food, �
.. 
174 
CURRENT COMMENT 
What Vaccination Does, 
175 
Necessity of Caring for the Teeth, .. 
175 
QUESTION CORNER 
Carbohydrates—Bad Breath—Palpi-
tation of Heart—VaricoseVeins, 177, 178 
NEWS NOTES �
.. 
180, 184 
HERALD OF HEALTH 
The Indian Health Magazine. 
Published Monthly by the International Tract Society, 
17, Abbott Road, Lucknow. 
V. L. MANN, M. D. 
Editor 
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Asso. Editor 
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ROSES 
General Articles 
Factors in the Spread of Tuberculosis 
ALBERT PHILIP FRANCINE, A. M., M. I). 
There are two broad phases in the com- conditions of labour, which reduce the health 
municability and spread of tuberculosis, and weaken the resistance of the individual, 
which in orderly procedure are best discussed making him susceptible to superinfection or 
separately, (a) the social and economic side a fresh infection, and rendering him and his 
of the problem, and (b) the more strictly descendants less and less likely and able to 
medical side. �
bring into the world and rear healthy, robust 
THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SIDE �
children. 
In placing the responsibility for the spread �
It is thus recognized that the problem of 
of infection we must in the last analysis tuberculosis is in a large sense a social and 
begin with the individual, rather than the economic one. With such factors to contend 
institution. It is, theoretically, more the with, having their roots deep down in the 
fault of the people than the fault of their very basis of modern life and conditions, 
surroundings. It is the fault of the people affecting millions of people is it not right 
who make the homes. This great plague that we should at least pause to appreciate 
flourishes in the homes of the ignorant, amid the vastness of our undertaking, and from its 
proverty and squalor; but, as has been well very vastness should we not draw resolve not 
said, it is not alone the buildings which make only to pursue our aim indomitably, but to 
the slums, but the people who live in them. be patient in demanding immediate results 
Of course, bad housing conditions play a though it should be stated, in passing, that 
profound role in the endemicity of tuberculo- results are becoming strikingly apparent. 
sis, but even could we give every family an �
Thus let us neither forget nor be dismayed 
airy, clean house, so long as ignorance, care- by the fact that our problem is to combat, 
lessness, filth, dissipation and alcoholism one might almost say, the drift of the times, 
existed, we would still have slums, infected to raise through education, sanitary laws, 
houses and tuberculosis. �
medical hygiene and philanthropic effort the 
It is perfectly apparent that better housing proletariat from their condition of dense ig-
conditions would be an enormous stimulus to norance and poverty, to enable them to secure 
better living and better home management; suitable homes and teach them how to live 
and therefore, while the first remedial step is in and manage them, and to improve the 
education and uplifting among the poor and conditions of their labour, that there may be 
ignorant themselves, the second, corollary cleanliness and light, suitable care of the 
need, which is of equally pressing impor- children, sufficient food and clothing, neces-
tance, is the improvement of physical con- sary hours of rest, provident and good habits 
ditions of living—of housing conditions. Next and self-restraint, and available medical 
in importance in this relation comes the supervision. 
subject of conditions of labour or occupation; �
But there is one great satisfaction to be 
for, aside from faulty ways of living and bad taken in the very breadth and vastness of this 
places to live in, there are the many vile phase of the problem, namely, that it is pot 
156 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
merely tuberculosis work, but public health 
work in whatever form of activity this shows 
itself. Antituberculosis work and all forms 
of public health work in general hear an 
increasingly apparent interdependence. It 
is not alone strictly antituberculosis measures 
which may be confidently looked to for 
results, but all the associated movements for 
the public welfare in health, morals and con-
ditions, which are essentially allies. This is 
now fully recognized, and with the well-
organized tuberculosis crusade pointing the 
way, other movements have followed along 
similar lines and the crusade of enlighten-
ment and prevention of disease is becoming 
more and more a unit in its methods, aims 
and interrelationships. 
THE MEDICAL SIDE 
It is necessary next to consider certain 
salient features of the disease itself bearing 
on the question of the spread of infection. 
Two great factors in its communicability 
stand out: 
1. Infection takes place from close per- 
sonal association or contact with open tuber-
culosis, as by living with a consumptive or 
from living in a room or house contaminated 
by a consumptive. The great source of the 
infection lies in the carelessness of the indi-
vidual consumptive in contaminating his 
surroundings by spitting about or not properly 
disposing of his sputum, or by spray infec-
tion from coughing (equally dangerous) 
without guarding the mouth with a paper 
napkin. His towels, bedding, table utensils, 
etc., are also a source of infection. The 
period at which a consumptive is most 
dangerous covers, of course, the second and 
third stages of his disease when the lung is 
breaking down and the sputum contains large 
numbers of living tubercle bacilli. 
2. 
The age at which infection is most 
likely to take place is childhood. It should 
be borne in mind that adults, particularly 
healthy adults, have a very considerable 
resistance or immunity to tuberculous infec-
tion. Without discussing the question of the 
source of this relative immunity, it may be 
stated as a fact that it requires a prolonged 
exposure and implantation to give rise to 
pulmonary tuberculosis in an ordinarily 
healthy man or woman. In proportion as 
bad surroundings, faulty personal hygiene, 
bad conditions of labour, other infections, dis-
sipation, etc., play a part in the life of the 
individual, by just so much is this natural or 
acquired immunity impaired or even broken. 
On ethical grounds and because of the 
dangers of catarrhal infections, spitting 
should be (and is in many communities) a 
misdemeanour punishable by law. The danger 
of infection of children by such conditions is 
a very possible one; for the time at which 
this natural resistance is weakest is in child-
hood, and for this reason and because of 
intimate and prolonged contact with open 
tuberculosis in their homes, children furnish 
the great soil for implantation. For physio-
logic reasons which it would lead us too far 
afield to discuss, this infection during child-
hood does not as a rule develop into pulmo-
nary tuberculosis at that time, but lies dor-
mant in the lymphatic system or is latent 
until adult life, when it breaks forth or 
manifests itself in pulmonary localization. 
It is largely children infected by contact in 
their homes who furnish later the ever on-
coming crop of consumptives. 
Milk and meat from tuberculous animals 
also constitute a source of infection in child-
hood. Infection may also be hereditary, the 
direct transmission of the tubercle bacillus 
taking place from the mother to the fetus by 
placental circulation. This has been shown 
to occur in mothers with advanced pulmon-
ary or miliary tuberculosis, but has recently 
been shown as also possible when the lesion 
in the mother is in the incipient stage or even 
latent or non-active at the time of the birth. 
During childhood and early adolescence 
this early tuberculous infection, glandular in 
type, may manifest itself not at all, or only 
in anemia, underdevelopment, general physi-
cal delicacy, etc. These children react to 
EitttALD OF HEALTh �
157 
tuberculin and often have enlarged lymphatic 
glands, but there is no other way in the 
majority of instances of telling that they are 
tuberculous; but this is quite sufficient for the 
diagnosis, which is to he understood to mean 
that the moment a child reacts to tuberculin, 
it is conclusive evidence that it has been 
sensitized by the tubercle bacillus and that 
the moment a child is thus tuberculized, it 
becomes potentially at least a future case of 
pulmonary tuberculosis. 
Not only does the general trend of expert 
opinion bear out this view in relation to time 
of infection, but there are also data to con-
firm it. 
In large groups of children in hospital 
practice, experience warrants the statement 
that most children of the working class have 
tuberculosis by the time they reach 14 or 15 
years of ago. The same is true of post-
mortem findings among the poorer classes. 
Evidence has been clearly accumulating as 
to the frequency with which the disease is 
found at necropsy; and with increased refine-
ment in postmortem work the percentages 
are increasing significantly. Nageli reported 
definite signs of tuberculosis in 97 per cent. 
of all bodies examined consecutively. Ham-
burger in a large group of children reported 
postmortem findings of 63 per cent. with 
tuberculous lesions between the ages of 7 
and 10 years and 95 per cent. in those 
between 11 and 14 years of age. Ghon's 
postmortem statistics from St. Elizabeth's 
Hospital in Vienna show that by the end of 
the third year from 6 to 8 per cent. are 
infected, the percentages rapidly rising until 
by the fourteenth year the infection reaches 
92 per cent. It goes without saying that by 
no means all these patients would have 
developed pulmonary tuberculosis clinically 
had they lived; indeed, this early infection is 
looked on by many as a source of immunity 
to subsequent reinfection, but such statistics 
furnish valuable evidence of the time when 
primary infection takes place. 
It will thus be seen that the problem of 
prevention, to be effective, even as limited to 
the medical aspect of the communicability of 
tuberculosis, must take into account not only 
the care and isolation of the consumptive 
himself, but also the care and development 
of the children who have already been infect-
ed or who may be exposed to infection, and 
probably the development of a specific racial 
immunity. 
Bet when we view as essentially one, as 
we must do, the two broad phases of the 
problem which I have attempted to outline, 
namely the social and economic conditions, 
and the more strictly medical conditions 
responsible for the prevalence and spread of 
tuberculosis, the point previously empha-
sized is brought forcibly on us—how very 
apparent is the interdependence to-day of the 
tuberculosis campaign and all efforts looking 
to the common welfare! Let me repeat that 
it is not alone by the strictly antituberculo-
sis campaign that we may confidently expect 
to control tuberculosis, but by all allied 
movements looking to improvement of the 
health, morals, or condition of the people. 
For instance, it has been pretty conclus-
ively shown that wherever the death rate 
from typhoid fever is reduced, through the 
introduction of pure water, numerically by 
one, there is a simultaneous reduction in the 
general death-rate of from two to three. 
What is true in this case is equally or even 
more strikingly so in relation to other infec-
tions. Think of the vista of accomplishment 
which opens up before ns, when we know, 
as we do know, that more than 80 per 
cent. of all deaths are due to preventable 
causes! 
Thus it is apparent that the movements 
against infant mortality, venereal diseases, 
alcoholism, the infectious fevers, cancer, pro- 
creation of mental defectives, and the corre-
lated campaigns for better housing conditions, 
better hours and conditions of labour, child-
welfare work, etc., all these movements, 
public or private, of whatever scope and by 
whatever methods they proceed, are all 
1.58 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
working to a common end, the welfare of the 
race, and as such are prototypes and allies 
of each other and of the greatest of them all, 
the tuberculosis campaign. They are all 
campaigns of preventive medicine, based on 
scientific development and attempting largely 
by education to carry the message of health 
and right living into the hones and very 
hearts of all the people.—Journal A. M. 
Association. 
Hot Weather and Health 
WHY should not the human body find its 
most congenial environment in midsummer, 
when the atmosphere is nearest its own tem-
perature of 98e? As a fact, it has been 
hard to keep comfortable in the first half of 
the last two Julys. But the mercury in our 
thermometers has in these heated spells 
seldom run as high as a clinical thermome-er 
will after a minute or two under the tongue 
of a person in normal health. When the 
atmospheric temperature approaches within 
ten or fifteen degrees of this, the resources 
for cooling the body begin to be put forth 
actively by the human organism: the sweat-
glands are set to work with increased activity, 
so that by the evaporation of moisture on the 
surface the heat may be consumed. And 
when by reason of humidity of the atmos-
phere this evaporation is less available, we 
are very uncomfortable. Yet it would seem 
as if the most normal condition would be 
to have the body surrounded by a medium as 
warm as itself. 
But the human body is the theatre of heat-
producing activities of itself; the processes of 
life, the energies of living, the food, some of 
it taken as fuel, all are calorific. We can 
not exercise or work without this resulting: 
in fact, the heatregulating function of the 
skin is always operative; otherwise the heat 
of our own making would go beyond the 
limit. It is wonderful how near the body in 
health maintains its uniform balance of tem-
perature, whether that of its surrounding 
medium is of the temperate, torrid, or frigid 
zone. Of either, the frigid is easier to adjust 
to, for by external protection and more active 
combustion through exercise the body can 
make itself warm. But how can we safely 
resort to agencies to reduce our tempera- 
ture? The native of the equator, with little 
or no clothing and with few needs, gives 
himself to an idle life, and is happy; but the 
Anglo Saxon has that in his blood which will 
never let him be as inactive. Indeed, dress 
is a positive protection against great heat, 
especially of the head and back. 
One may live in these hot spells as be-
comes the custom of Europeans in the tro-
pics; rise early and do the day's work in the 
cool of the day; rest during the midday heat; 
sleep when the night cools off; admit the 
night air to the house and exclude the hot 
air of the daytime; have the air of the house 
as dry as possible. Sleeping porches are a 
good device for hot weather. Diet in hot 
weather must be of the simplest and most 
digestible, for we can not afford to put our 
internal machinery to any more work than is 
necessary. Besides, the housewife must 
have her labours lightened. Cooling drinks 
of simple sort, such as weak lemonade, serve 
the purpose of abstracting heat and supply-
ing material for the refrigerating perspiration. 
Fruits and vegetables that are seasonable 
are better than meat. 
The state of mind can be a great contribut. 
or to comfort. It would be a good thing 
to hide the thermometer, and skip the news-
paper account of what humanity is having 
to endure; reporters make as much an asset 
of news out of the hot spell as they do of a 
prize-fight or a baseball game. One should 
forget the heat rather than try to be philosophi-
cal about it; and the imagination can be 
made to work either for good or evil. Do 
not worry nor allow the heat or insects to 
worry you. Most have to work, and few of 
us can any more lie in the shade in a ham- 
HERALD OF HEALTH �
159 
mock and fan ourselves than we can fly to a 
more salubrious clime; but we can take what 
we must do in a quiet, complacent way, and 
avoid that, so far as is possible, which is 
under the circumstances disturbing in ex-
posure, work, eating, or state of mind. Em-
ployers can contribute much to the health of 
those who serve them by fitting the service 
to the occasion. 
After all, it is the babies more than the 
work ers who suffer from the heat. At least 
it is in July that the deaths of these immature 
little ones occur in greatest number. In 
May about one fourth of the deaths occur under 
age of five years, but in midsummer they 
sometimes constitute one half of the total 
mortality. . 
The chief disease of hot weather is of the 
digestive organs, and for the most part diar-
rhceal. Heat contributes much to various 
disturbances of the functions of the body 
which react on the intestinal tract; it depresses 
vitality, and quickly decomposes the food, 
especially that of an animal sort. But it is 
easy to see how these disturbances can be 
guarded ;against, and the deaths from diarrbeal 
disease are actually fewer than they were 
years ago. 
Follies of Fashion and Their Consequences 
L. E. CONRADI, M. D. 
THOUGH it is true that traces of fashion 
may be found almost from the beginning of 
history, no period has been so subject to the 
rule of the freakish Dame as the last few 
decades. This is especially true as regards 
dress, in which, notwithstanding our increas-
ed knowledge, it is customary to have the 
most surprising and radical changes in style 
without consideration of common sense, good 
taste, economy, health or comfort; and 
although this problem has been discussed for 
years, enlightenment is needed as much 
to-day as ever. 
Clothing is worn for two principal pur-
poses,—to protect against the weather, and 
for the sake of modesty. The cardinal re-
quirements for hygienic dressing are as 
follows:- 
1. Free action of the body should not in 
any way be restrained. 
2. The protection should be so distributed 
as not to subject parts of the body to chil-
ling. 
3. The function of the skin should not be 
in any wise impaired. 
4. The clothing should be as light as 
possible, consistent with adequate protec-
tion. 
Inasmuch as the clothing of women cor- 
responds least with these principles, we shall 
consider that first. 
The Corset 
First to be mentioned in its baneful effects 
is the bodice, or stay, which came into vogue 
in the thirteenth century, and which in 
various forms has tyrannized over nearly 
half of humanity in civilized countries since 
that time. For the actual corset we are 
"indebted" to Catharine de Mei ici (notorious 
because of her connection with the massacre 
of St. Bartholomew). Ir ier time lacing 
was already practiced to su,:h an extent that 
the body was badly distorted. We often 
wonder at the bad habits of native tribess 
such as the practise of tattooing, the removal 
of the eyebrows, the distortion of the lips or 
ears, the artificial disfiguration of the skull, 
the deforming of the feet, etc.; but all these 
customs, considered from a medical view-
point, must be considered as more or less 
harmless in comparison with the corset. 
While the disfigurements mentioned are 
mainly to be censured from an esthetic point 
of view, and as a rule damage but one organ 
of the body, we must go to the American or 
European lady, standing at the head of 
civilization, in order to find a custom equally 
harmful to proper breathing, the circulation 
FIG. 2 
Female trunk, tight-laced (old corset 
model). The extensive compression of the 
lower ribs as well as a compressing-groove 
over the liver and stomach can especially 
be noticed. The transverse colon and the 
small intestines are considerably prolapsed. 
160 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
of the blood, and the assimilation of food. 
A few months ago, the writer read a little 
story in a missionary treatise by Harris on 
Central Africa, which applies to the subject 
under consideration. He writes about as 
follows: "Once I heard an apt answer from a 
Negro woman. The questioner was a white 
lady, who had been speaking about the pain 
caused by heavy ornaments. 'Why do you 
wear on your arms and legs bracelets which 
cause such pain?' asked the white woman. 
`Beauty is well worth pain,' replied the dark 
sinter. 'But surely you do not suffer such 
pain in order to appear beautiful ! ' said the 
white woman. 'Then tell me, white woman,' 
was the quick reply, 'why do yu suffer such 
pain? Your waist is drawn in like that of a 
woman suffering the pangs of hunger.' " 
We shall now con-
sider the effects of the 
corset in particular. 
Influence on the Organs 
of the Chest 
Fig. 2 shows the 
extensive compression 
of the chest and lower 
ribs. But the modern 
corset encloses the en-
tire trunk in its grasp 
like a vise, thus pre 
venting the expansion 
of the abdomen to 
make room for the 
flattening of the dia-
phragm, so that the 
diaphragmatic respir-
ation is impaired in 
a high degree. Inves-
tigations with Roent-
gen rays have demons-
trated that a tightly 
laced corset almost 
entirely prevents the 
action of the diaph-
ragm. As a conse-
quence of the poor 
ventilation of the lungs 
the whole body suffers. 
The supply of air is insufficient, and in the 
same way that soot and ashes collect in a 
stove with insufficient draft, so carbon dioxid 
and carbonaceous matter accumulate in the 
blood of persons addicted to corset wearing. 
The skin loses its natural colour, and acquires 
a yellowish, dusky appearance. The com-
pression of the lungs is also a reason for 
various lung troubles, and the individual 
easily becomes a prey to consumption. The 
heart likewise suffers under the pressure, and 
its work is considerably augmented. While 
the exercise of climbing a hill tinges the face 
of a hygienically dressed person with the 
crimson hue of health, the same exertion 
causes a person encased in whalebone and 
cords to gasp for air, the complexion pre-
senting all shades of florid red and ghastly 
paleness in the same 
instant. 
Influence on the Abdom-
inial Organs 
While the organs of 
the thorax are com-
paratively well protect-
ed by the ribs, this is 
much less so with the 
abdominal organ s. 
Consequently the ef-
fects of tight lacing 
upon the abdominal 
viscera may be found 
in a greater or less 
degree in about fifty 
per cent. of all woman. 
The best known of 
such ailments is the 
"constricted l i v er." 
Fig. 4. Our cut illus-
trates a case by no 
means extreme. Care-
ful examination often 
reveals the fact that 
the lower part of the 
right hepatic lobe is 
nearly separated from 
the main organ, the 
separate portions being 
HERALD OF HEALTH �
161 
held together only by a fibrous cord. As the 
liver acts not only an important part in diges-
tion but also in destroying poisons, the inter-
ference with thef unction of even a part of the 
organ must be followed by grave results. 
Moreover, disturbance of the circulation in 
the portal system is followed by congestion 
in the pelvic organs, thus creating favourable 
conditions for gastric troubles and many 
other maladies peculiar to women. The 
congestion of gall produced by tight lacing is 
one of the most important causes of the 
formation of biliary calculus. This explains 
why gall-stones are four or five times more 
frequent with women than with men. The 
stomach often presents a distinct groove, 
due to the compression, so that frequently 
an hourglass form of the stomach results, 
very much the same as in a case of gastric 
ulcer. 
Furthermore, a general prolapse of the 
abdominal organs is often observed, especial-
ly if the effects of general emaciation and 
frequent pregnancies are combined with 
tight lacing. The disease known as floating 
kidneys is also very prevalent, and it may 
prove equally painful and dangerous if the 
ureter and the renal bloodvessels are com-
pressed by the dislocation. In a similer way 
a movable liver or floating spleen may result. 
Special attention is called to the prolapse of 
the small and large intestines, as presented 
in the illustration. The displacement of 
these organs causes irritation by pulling on 
the ligaments, a factor not unimportant in 
the nervous disturbances common to women. 
The acute angular bend at the points where 
the ascending colon connects with the trans-
verse and the transverse with the descending 
colon is a very frequent cause of constipation. 
Last of all we refer to the pressure of the 
corset upon the muscles of the back and the 
abdomen, the corset acting almost like a 
plaster of Paris dressing, which has been worn 
for some time. Persons addicted to corset 
wearing suffer with backache as soon as they 
leave off the garrnent,—a striking acknowl, 
 
edgment of the weakening of their dorsal 
muscles. The poor development of the ab-
dominal muscles has its penalty in a relaxed 
abdomen, a condition which increases the 
difficulty and the duration of childbirth. The 
female body needs artificial supports as little 
as the male, and with proper exercise, 
troubles which result from the abandonment 
of the corset will soon disappear. 
What has been said thus far pertains to 
the effects resulting from the old corset 
models. It remains to be seen what will be 
the effects of the hip compression which 
FIG. 4 
Constricted liver. 
has been dictated by fashion the last few 
years. As is well known, every corset wear-
er excuses herself with the statement, born 
of ignorance, "I wear my corset perfectly 
loose." But it would be only necessary to 
attend the morning toilet of the devotees of 
fashion to learn the country. The still 
empty abdomen is drawn in as much as 
possible, the chest raised to a maximum, and 
then the moment of full expiration is used 
maliciously to fasten the strait- jacket. Those 
who consider this description exaggerated 
would pply Peed? in order to be. convinced, 
162 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
to notice the calculous indurations of the 
skin and the brown pigmentation resulting 
from small extravasations of blood into the 
skin of those who thus lace. 
After having thus studied the consequences 
of tight lacing in the form of manifold self-
inflicted tortures and infirmities, which even 
by the best and most expensive remedies 
can be only partially overcome, I venture to 
hope that at least some of our readers may 
be inclined to listen to a few suggestions of 
reform. In a health waist we find a type 
of waist by which the weight of skirts, 
underclothes, and stockings can be supported 
from the shoulders. This requirment has 
long been solved as far as underclothing is 
concerned by the use of union suits. Waists 
should be made of light, porous material. 
Effects similar to those produced by a corset 
may result from tightly fastening the skirt 
bands. Girdles and sword belts may pro-
duce similar results in men. 
Having established the general principles 
of healthful dressing, ano especially studying 
the evil effects of tight lacing, we would now 
like to discuss some other harmful articles of 
clothing. 
The Garter 
First we would mention the old-style gar-
ter, which, like the corset, exercises its bad 
effects by constriction. Every physician 
who pays attention to this matter will find 
Pronounced constriction-grooves, produced 
by garter-wearing, in quite a high percentage 
of his patients. The pressure especially 
affects the veins, which have thinner walls 
and lie nearer the surface than the arteries. 
In course of time the veins become dilated, 
and finally varicose. Varicose veins are not 
only troublesome but also dangerous, because 
of a tendency to ulcerate and become in-
flamed. The writer has repeatedly seen 
cases in which not only the soft tissues were 
grooved, but even the bone tissue had given 
way to the pressure exerted from early 
hildhood. Fig. $. 
High Collars 
In a similar way too tight and too high 
collars have the same bad effects by hinder-
ing the reflow of venous blood, the former 
being forced upon children whose parents 
have a false idea of economy, and the latter 
being worn by such specimens of the so-
called better class. As a consequence of 
such congestions in the head, near sighted-
ness as well as nose and throat diseases are 
frequently observed. 
Footwear 
Another article of dress concerning which 
FIG. 8 
Longitudinal section showing con- 
striction, by garter, of soft tissues 
and bone. 
manufacturers and purchasers manifest scant 
common sense is the shoe. How little the 
usual modern foot corresponds to the natural 
form can best be seen by a glance at a pho-
tograph of feet crippled by our conventional 
pointed modern footwear. Too short shoes 
by the front pressure produce the so called 
"teapot-toe." The usual high heels of ladies' 
boots cause the foot to be on a slant, thus 
giving a constant tendency to slip to the 
front. Further, the heels of ladies' shoes, 
are as a rule not made to support the heel 
but_ rather a portion of the foot situated 
HERALD OF HEALTH �
163 
considerably in front of the heel. The 
corn is probably one of the most common 
inconveniences caused by inconsistent foot-
wear. The body protects itself against 
pressure and irritation by the thickening 
of the skin and the formation of callous. 
The upper shin, thus thickened, grows 
down in the form of a corn, whereby 
the ends of the nerves with the tactile cor-
puscles are gradually destroyed. One would 
think that the pain caused by corns would 
he sufficient to induce the sufferer to come 
to his senses. 1t must not be forgotten that 
corns are by no means a harmless trouble. 
Under the cone-shaped corn, which works 
its way into the flesh, a small mucous follicle 
often forms, which may be connected with 
the joint cavity. In case of corn operations 
which have not been performed skilfully or 
aseptically, as well as by secondary infection 
due to the ordinary unclean inside of most 
boots, inflammation of the joints easily 
results, and this may lead to inflammation of 
the lymphatic vessels and veins, and even to 
gangrene of the toe. Another evil which 
still seems to be prevalent in some places, is 
the sale of boots made on a straight last. 
Especially is this to be condemned in chil-
dren's shoes. 
The Train 
Another bad custom, which however, 
seems at present to be in disfavour, is the 
wearing of street gowns with trains. Never-
theless, in view of the careless way in which 
the dust of the street is sometimes thus 
carried into the house, a short word of admo-
nition on this subject may not be out of 
place. The indescribable mixture of excre-
ment, expectoration, and germs of all sorts, 
which is gathered up and brought into the 
house by trailing skirts, is brushed from the 
dress by the servant, or else the wearer 
herself cleans the garment, perhaps scratch-
ing the spots off with her fingernails. Often 
the subsequent superficial cleansing of the 
hands does not suffice to remove the germs 
before she prepares the meal for the house. 
hold. If then maladies occur in the family, 
they are attributed to providence, while they 
might have been avoided by the exercise of 
a little common sense and cleanliness. 
Equal Covering of the Body 
The equal covering of the body is of great 
importance. How often one sees children, 
otherwise well clad, running around in the 
coldest days with bare blue legs. The same 
thoughtlessness is manifested in the thin 
covering of the upper chest in young ladies. 
This thin clothing, not to speak of the lack 
of modesty, is often paid for dearly in the 
form of bad colds, pneumonia, pleurisy, 
etc. 
A treatise concerning follies in dress and 
their results would not be complete without 
the consideration of the esthetic, economical, 
and moral sides of the question. It is a 
regrettable feature of our times that the 
ideas of true grace and beauty should have 
been so badly spoiled by the human carica-
tures which have been impressed upon our 
minds since our youth. Compare for a mo-
ment one of the graceful figures produced by 
the classical period of Greece with one of 
our modern dames of fashion, and it will be 
easily seen how far we have departed from 
nature. 
As to the matter of economy in dress, it 
must be borne in mind that the dressmaking 
trade has its tricks, like every other profes-
sion. The enormous army of employees can 
be maintained only by continual changes in 
fashion. While we really welcome new, 
tasteful designs in dress, when they con-
form to the laws of health, yet we must 
decidedly condemn the continual changes of 
the present day. Just consider the immense 
sums of money wasted on dress! Newspaper 
articles concerning men who have been 
driven to crime or unhappiness simply by 
the love of dress of their wives or daughters 
are by no means fables, but deplorable facts. 
And not only do the upper ten thousands pay 
their tribute to the god of fashion in money 
and health, but even the poorer class believe 
164 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
that they have to do the same. Many a 
poor girl forgoes healthful food and warm 
underclothing in order to save the money for 
the pleasure of wearing a little tinsel for a 
few hours. Still more is it to be deplored 
that even doctors, who by reason of their 
better knowledge should really be examples 
to the world, pay little or no attention to the 
harmfulness of present-day fashions. The 
writer has often seen nurses in medical 
institutions, where it would be least expected, 
perform their difficult and responsible duties 
in tight corsets and high-heeled, pointed-toed 
shoes. 
As regards the moral, esthetic standpoint, 
every unbiased reader must admit that the 
fashions of the last few years have had 
a decidedly immoral taint. While there is 
no reason for being ashamed of a natural, 
graceful form, it is nothing less than disgust-
ing to see how the clothing is often designed 
to awaken the passions. The sad influence 
which present-day fashions exercise on 
general morality will not be disclosed before 
eternity. A noble and refined mind reveals 
itself in the choice of tasteful and simple 
clothing, which fulfils the needs of the body. 
Outward glitter and gaudy clothing may 
temporarily fascinate the inexperienced, but 
they lack the charm of true refinement. 
May none of our readers be entranced by 
the glitter of fashion. 
"SANITATION IN INDIAN 
SCHOOLS" 
It is clear that there should be as much 
eagerness for sanitation in scho. Is as there 
is for education, nay, even more. There is 
yet another reason why perfect hygiene in 
schools should be insisted upon. The school 
attracts children from different quarters of a 
city. The sons of the rich and the poor read 
alike in one school. They mix with each 
other, and possibly interchange many ail-
ments which are carried back to different 
quarters, to become a source of further 
danger. The school itself absorbs many 
kinds of poisonous germs brought from 
different parts of the city, transmits many 
maladies to different quarters through the 
medium of its students. 
The following are some suggestions that if 
followed by the schools of India would 
prevent much carriage of disease. 
1. That the site for the school building 
should as a rule be approved by the sanitary 
engineer, or the medical officer of the 
district. 
2. 
That the plan of the building as to 
the aspect of the light and air should also be 
subject to the approval of the medical officer. 
3. That in the staff there should be at 
least one or two medical men to give lessons 
in hygiene, and with the help of the magic 
lantern to demonstrate to the students the 
different organs of the body, their formation 
and function, and the consequences of their 
abu'e. 
4. That periodically there should be 
medical inspection of the boys in relation to 
their eyesi ;ht, disorders of the stomach, 
chest, and lungs, and where means permit, 
such a medical officer should be a whole time 
member of the staff. 
5. That all the woodwork such as doors, 
desks, boards and windows should be peri-
odically washed with hot water and soap, and 
thoroughly disinfected. 
6. That there should be a sufficient 
number of pails and closets, in proportion to 
the number of students, and that they should 
be daily washed twice. It is imperatively 
necessary to have a pucca floor in the 
latrines, and a good outlet for the urine. 
7. That the confectioner in school, should 
keep the sweets under a gauze cover, the 
sweets should be tested from time to time, 
by the medical m ember of the staff. 
8. That the use of slates should be dis-
continued. Tongue licking of slates is not 
uncommon, and their use by one suffering 
from a certain disease, can often give that 
disease to another. They may thus become 
a source of infection, 
: Mother and Child 
The Baby's Brother and Sisters 
EDYTHE STODDARD SEYMOUR 
CHILDREN are sometimes teased in a 
way that makes them jealous of one another, 
especially of the "new baby." This teasing 
is very wearing on the nerves, and causes the 
children to become irritable. All babies 
should be welcomed by their brothers and 
sisters as a dear possession of their own, 
something that belongs to them as well as to 
the father and mother. 
The greatest harmony prevails in families 
where the young are carefully trained to 
thoughtful acts of helpfulness, each seeking 
to give pleasure to the other members of the 
family. None are too young to take a turn 
at amusing the baby when he is old enough 
to play, and in this way the other children 
will become interested in him and learn to 
love him. 
Little folk should have naps daily until of 
school age, and should have an early bed 
hour as long as they attend school. The 
custom of sitting up late causes dark rings 
around the eyes and a pale, haggard appear-
ance. Children who are rebellious about 
leaving their play to take a daytime nap are 
little benefited by the nap. Various means 
may be tried to get them quietly to sleep. 
Rocking is not so good a method as allowing 
a soft toy for a companion, or placing a large 
flat pillow where the baby himself can pull it 
down for a crib when he gets tired; it will be 
necessary sometimes to suggest that he do 
this. After the little one falls asleep, he 
should be properly covered. Going to sleep 
in this way, the baby does not have to endure 
the loneliness of the up-stairs. 
Diet has so much to do with the activity 
and strength of a child's muscles and brain 
that I urge all mothers to keep the children 
on plain foods, well cooked, with very little 
(better none at all) meat, pastries, or fried 
foods, as long as they are attending school. 
Besides being stronger and less liable to 
disease when fed thus, the well-nourished 
child will be better behaved and a better 
student than the carelessly fed child. Cereals 
and fresh ripe fruits, or sauces made of evap-
orated fruit, are sufficient and suitable for 
the breakfasts; if possible, add fruit to the 
dinner and luncheon menus also; it is certain-
ly a healthful and quickly prepared dessert. 
When the child comes in hungry from its 
active outdoor play, nothing is more whole-
some for a between-meal piece than a lus-
cious apple, a bunch of grapes or raisins, or 
a mellow banana. The list of available fruits 
and vegetables is so large that a careful se-
lection and combination of different ones 
will furnish a well-balanced dietary without 
the addition of meat. Milk, if from a clean 
source, may be given the thin child with its 
meals; but the fat one, the one bordering on 
an overfat condition, should not be allowed to 
drink milk or much of any other fluid at 
meal• time; nor should it be allowed to eat 
thin soups. Tea and coffee are not served 
by careful mothers nowadays. Cereal coffee 
and seasoned hot water (cambric tea) may be 
given for hot drinks. 
Right here it would be suitable to add that 
the naps of an overfat child should never be 
taken directly after eating, but such a child 
should be encouraged to exercise for a half-
hour; on the other hand, the thin child should 
sit quiety or take a nap after each meal. 
The young should be encouraged to exercise 
freely, and not be obliged to sit sedately and 
"keep clean." If they are to be strong and 
166 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
healthy, this is as important for girls as for 
boys. An indoor play-room for stormy days 
should have some arrangement for vigorous 
exercise, and the windows should be fully 
opened even if a light wrap must be worn 
to keep comfortable. A punching-bag is in-
expensive, and will please the boys. A tra-
peze made of stout ropes and an old broom 
stick, makes a splendid exerciser for the boy 
and his sisters. Just put bloomers on the 
girls, give them freedom, and watch them 
grow strong and rosy; they'll take to "stunts" 
like a duck to water. 
Much of the time during the spring 
the ground is too damp for free romping out-
of-doors, but a number of swings put up on 
a large tree will furnish amusement for a 
good-sized family of children and their 
friends. Use strong rope, and have several 
kinds of swing: the ordinary swing, with a 
firm seat, hung so as to swing high; a tra-
peze; a single rope with large knots to climb 
as a ladder, to swing straight from, or to 
grasp a knot at shoulder height, then run in 
a circle, let go, and swing around in "air-
ship" style. A two or three-year old child 
will enjoy a swing just long enough to pass 
under the arms and around the chest: these 
little ones run a few steps, lift up their feet, 
then "let the old cat die," and repeat. 
But children's lives should not be all play; 
there should be character building and 
training. Boys will make more capable men 
if they can cook a simple meal, put on a 
patch or a button, or make their bed in an 
emergency; they will be better abie to ap-
preciate woman's work and to estimate her 
strength, and will be broader minded, if they, 
as well as their sisters, are expected to assist 
the mother. And the girls will be better 
fitted to become wives and home-makers if 
they are their father's and brothers' good 
comrades, not thinking themselves too nice 
because of their sex to assist in outside "clear-
ing up" of the home premises or in planting 
in the garden. I do not mean, however, that 
girls should be expected to take charge of 
the garden alone, nor to do work beyond 
their strength, nor be forced to do it at all it 
they really object. But a girl should, if 
rightly trained, enjoy the companionship of 
her father and brothers. 
The sports are as good for this companion-
ship as work is, and are equally healthful and 
wholesome for the girls and boys. Skating, 
rowing, swimming, golf, tennis, etc., are each 
available to girls and boys alike. Friend-
ships made among congenial companions 
who have plenty of interest in outdoor 
amusements, ripen into a more wholesome, 
lasting love, when such occurs, than does 
the love that starts in cozy corners and 
among dancing companions, which flashes 
rapidly into a passionate infatuation, and 
the settling down to the quiet home life dies 
out, each becoming tired of the other. 
This state of affairs in a civilized nation is 
indeed appalling, and as mothers we each 
should try to rear our sons and daughters in 
the best possible state of physical and moral 
health. To this end we should see that they 
are not ignorant of the needed knowledge of 
the origin of human life, nor of their respon-
sibility in such matters. If more attention 
were paid to proper training in such matters 
by the parent, there would be fewer mistakes 
made. Children should not be left to learn 
these thing' from companions of their own 
age. 
All young people should have the society 
of persons of their own age under the super-
vision of proper guardians in their own 
homes. Boys like a den of their own in 
which to entertain boy friends. Girls like to 
take girl friends to a daintily furnished room 
that is all their own. 
When the young woman entertains a 
young man in the parlour, some member of 
the family should stay with them much of 
the time, and should be sociable and seek to 
make his presence welcome. The caller 
should not be allowed to stay late, especially 
when the young people are not engaged. 
Careless mothers, thinking their daughters 
HERALD OP HEALTH �
167 
different from other girls, have made grave 
errors in these matters. The young lack 
judgment, and love is ever blind. 
We should not only provide for and train 
our young, but ever guide and guard them so 
they may be fitted to become happy, content. 
ed home-makers. Each should early choose 
a vocation, and even make preparation for 
some temporary work that will provide a 
livelihood in an emergency. 
PORTABLE NURSERY WALLS 
"WHEN the tasks and lessons are ended" 
a nursery screen easily transforms a corner 
of a busy work-day room, and proves an 
admirable setting for "story time." To make 
this are required four yards of bright• coloured 
cambric upon which are mounted cut-out 
"birds, beasts and fowls" all in rollicking 
good-natured neighbourliness. The pictures 
may be cut out of old magazines, and the 
collecting and mounting would provide hours 
of amusement for the children of the family. 
Mount the pictures with a good boiled paste 
and sew several brass rings along the top 
for hanging. The pictures may be renewed 
from time to time, and many lasting lessons 
taught in this way. Journeys abroad might 
be taken with the wee tots, by grouping pic-
tures of flowers, animals and birds of each 
clime.— [E. S. R. 
CONVENIENCES FOR THE NUR-
SERY 
DON'T think that because the baby grows 
up so soon it is not worth while to provide 
him with conveniences. An inchthick rope, 
covered with soft material and stretched 
across a corner of the room about a foot from 
the floor, will help the baby to pull himself up 
or guide him in walking. His little hands 
grasp it easily, and it is an amusement as well 
as an aid in his baby gymnastics. It may 
be fastened to the wall on hooks and taken 
down when desired. 
A row of pockets made, like a slipper 
case and attached with strings to the foot of 
the baby's crib is a convenient place for a 
rattle or ball, a bedtime doll or an extra 
handkerchief or napkin. 
A low table with a drawer, is indispensable 
for the children's play room, and may be 
devised by sawing off the legs of a discarded 
kitchen table and covering it with green felt 
or oilcloth. 
Many nurses prefer a table, ordinary 
height, on which to bathe a young baby. It 
may be covered with the rubber blanket and 
bath apron, and the basin or small bathtub, 
as well as the toilet articles, are at one end 
and easily within reach. It is much more 
convenient than the old method of holding 
the baby on the lap.—[F. H. 
HOMEMADE MODELLING CLAY 
IT may be interesting to some of the 
mothers to know that modelling clay for 
the children can be made cheaply at home. 
This is the recipe: One cupful of flour, 
one-half cupful of salt, one teaspoonful of 
powdered alum. Mix with water until of the 
proper consistency for molding. It should 
not stick to the hands. Different portions 
may be coloured differently with blueing, cake 
colouring, etc- If the clay which is not in use, 
be wrapped in a thick, damp cloth, it can be 
kept for quite a while.—[E. M. B. 
GOOD OUT OF ADVERSITY 
TRIALS are profitable. 
The rough diamond cried out under the 
blow of the lapidary, "I am content; let me 
alone." 
But the artisan said, as he struck another 
blow: "There is the making of a glorious 
thing in thee." 
"But every blow pierces my heart." 
"Aye; but after a little it shall work for 
thee a far more exceeding weight of glory." 
"I cannot understand," as blow fell upon 
blow, "why I should suffer in this way." 
"Wait; what thou knowest not now, thou 
shalt know hereafter." 
And out of all this came the famous Koh-
i-noor to sparkle in the monarch's crown.—
David James Burrell, D. D. 
Editorial �
,,,st 
A Tropical Day 
HE whose lot it is to spend the hot season 
in the plains of India will do well to keep 
his eyes open for lessons from the things of 
the natural world. One obtains a good idea 
of the way in which nature relates itself to 
the high temperatures of the mid day by a 
trip through a heavily wooded jungle. It is 
evident that between the hours of eleven and 
four P. M. everything is quiet. The bird 
has ceased to sing, the wild beast is not in 
search of its prey, the deer are not grazing 
in the open jungle, and the wild fowl has 
ceased his challenging note. All are quiet 
and taking advantage of the heat of mid day 
in the coolest location possible. Even the 
flower has folded its delicate corolla to avoid 
the vertical rays of a tropical sun. The 
Indian also has learned that between these 
hours is a poor time for him to do business 
so he closes his shop and spreads himself 
out for a nap in the shade. 
It is hard for the active westerner to con-
sole himself with the idea that the midday 
nap is not laziness but that it is necessary to 
the maintainance of health and vigour. For 
the dweller in the tropics during the hot 
months the midday nap makes up for the 
short night's sleep cne so often gets. In 
many places in India one cannot settle down 
to sleep till late in the night for the first hours 
of the night are spent in tossing about in 
search of a spot free from prickly heat, the 
torment of one dwelling in a torrid climate. 
In Lieut-Col. Giles book on Climatology is 
found the statement that "Between the hours 
of two and four only Englishmen and dogs 
are to be found abroad, and there is doubtless 
a great deal of truth in this as regards our 
countrymen, though the dictum is perhaps 
rather hard on the dog." He who persists 
in his regular pursuits during these hours 
will soon or late lose out and become the 
victim of disease. While between the hours 
of ten and four are the most appropriate 
business hours for our cities in a northern 
climate, yet in India one had best adopt the 
hours which are the result of years of experi-
ence under the torrid sun. 
Five A. M. is a good rising hour as this is 
about the only hour in the day one can take 
exercise without being bathed in perspiration 
for the rest of the day. Exercise between 
five and six, a substantial breakfast at 
6. 30; business till eleven; light tiffin at 
12.00; study for an hour; 2.30 to 3.30 
a nap; a bath; dinner at 4.30 with four and 
a half hours for business or recreation; 9.00 
P. M. a light luncheon of milk, malted milk, 
ice cream, fruit or fruit juices; 9.30 a cool 
sponge bath; and at 10.00 P. M. retire. A 
regimen of this kind instead of chota hazri, 
breakfast, tiffin, lunch and late dinner will 
meet with considerable opposition in India, 
but the routine just outlined provides for 
work and recreation during the coolest part 
of the day and allows sleep and rest 
on a comparatively empty stomach, when 
the sleep will be most sound and peace-
ful. One finds sufficient antagonistic con-
ditions preventing sleep in the early part 
of the night without tossing about because 
of a late dinner composed of four or five 
courses of meat and many indigestible foods. 
The food also needs some thought during 
the hot months. We need less food, espe-
cially less of the fatty foods and meat. It 
is not necessary for one who lives in the tro-
pics to eat so much protein food, of which 
meat is an example. The Indian native 
bears this out. His food is composed almost 
HERALD OF HEALTH �
169 
entirely of carbohydrates. While no doubt 
this is carried to an extreme point, it shows 
that one does not need so much of the protein 
food when living in a hot, relaxing climate. 
Plenty of fruit and fruit juices should find a 
prominent place in the dietary as they are 
refreshing and keep the eliminative organs 
free and active. Because of the increased 
activity of the skin plenty of water should 
be taken to keep the kidneys well flushed 
out. 
The clothing should be thin and white and 
as far as possible free from starch. White 
shoes and stockings are included as they are 
the most comfortable. Thin white clothing 
allows the greatest possible chance for eva-
poration, upon which coolness so much 
depends. �
For the head a sola pith topi 
which allows the greatest amount of shade 
and ventilation with lightness is the best. 
A topi not possessing these advantages is but 
little better than no topi. The band should 
set out well from the head, ventilation should 
be provided both at the top and the sides, and 
it should be broad enough to shade the head, 
neck and face. To supplement the topi 
during extreme periods of heat an umbrella 
with a white or cream coloured cover, and a 
green lining will ensure greater protection. 
In most parts of India a pair of dark 
glasses is indispensable. Those with celuloid 
sides are indicated where dust storms are 
prevalent as they are in the United Provinces 
and the Punjab. The head aches in India 
are not so much due to the actinic rays of the 
sun as they are to the excessive eye strain 
due to the glare of the midday tropical sun 
on the puckka roads of this country. The 
glasses worn should not be so dark as to 
make one feel that he is in a dungeon. Such 
glasses have a tendency to weaken the eyes. 
A shade sufficiently dark to relieve the eyes 
of the glare and avoid eye strain is quite 
sufficient. Some authorities prefer an amber 
coloured glass. 
A little thought given to the dwelling house 
is capable of making one more comfortable 
during the excessive heat. During the day 
the aim should be to exclude the excessive 
heat. During the night the air cools off and 
then the house should be opened and cooled 
off for the hot spell of the succeeding day. 
Before the rains, when there is more or less 
breeze, tatties are a great convenience for 
cooling off the rooms. A breeze passing 
through tatties will often lower the tempera-
ture of a room as much as ten degrees. 
It is an erroneous idea that a punkah 
lowers the temperature of the room. It puts 
dead air into motion. This is very import-
ant, however, as the recent experiments of 
Leonard Hill go to show that it is still air 
at a high temperature that brings on heat 
stroke. Although the good work done by 
the punkah are ofttimes offset by the vexa-
tions of an irritating punkahwala who fre-
quently falls asleep at his post, still it is more 
effective than the modern electric fan unless 
the latter has long arms. The punkah sets 
into motion a greater volume of air than the 
common 12in electric fan. There are two 
times during the day when a bath is very 
acceptable. After the midday nap and just 
before retiring at night. Some who live in 
the tropics are diffident about taking a cool 
bath. There is nothing that is as harmless 
and still productive of good. On a hot, 
stuffy night there is nothing that will relieve 
the depression and settle one down for a 
fair night's sleep like a cool sponge bath or 
spray, especially if one avoids friction in 
drying off the skin. A bungalow with a 
terraced roof prepared to shed unexpected 
showers or dew is also an added comfort to 
the sleeper. 
Daily exercise is one of the great essen-
tials in maintaining health in the tropics. 
The heat makes one feel to lead a life of 
inactivity. But if one allows his feelings to 
dominate what he knows to be the right he 
must be prepared to endure the consequences. 
The military man is not as badly off in this 
respect as a routine is mapped out for him 
which furnishes him with the necessary exer- 
176 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
cise. It is the professional, and office man 
who suffers the most as there is nothing that 
compells him to take exercise. The best 
time for taking exercise is in the early 
morning or in the evening. The garden, 
tennis, cycling, polo, swimming, boating, 
riding and shooting, offer the most advantages 
as they combine pleasure with exercise. 
Gymnastics are good but they come to be 
monotonous. Our exercise is something like 
our fold; we must enjoy it to get much 
benefit from it. 
In suite of all the admonitions we have 
given to enable one to keep healthy and 
vigorous in the tropics by avoiding the heat, 
we must remember that it is not the man 
whose occupation takes him out of doors that 
necessarily succumbs to the debilitating effects 
of a hot climate, but it is the office man and 
the housewife who suffer'most. We do not 
infer from this that these extra precautions 
are unnecessary. It is the sufficient excercise 
that is gained by the one whose occupation 
takes him out of doors a part of the day that 
overcomes the evil influences due to the 
heat by keeping the body in trim and fit 
condition ready to overcome the deleterious 
influences. 
The Simplicity of Dress 
HUMAN nature does not change materially 
from age to age. The desire to ornament 
the body, which seems to be instinctive with 
the members of the weaker sex, has been a 
female characteristic from before the dawn 
of history; for prehistoric remains give 
evidence of the same desire for personal 
adornment that WE witness in modern times. 
One can find no civilized nation or savage 
tribe where some attempt is not made at 
embellishment of the figure. In many cases, 
civilized as well as savage, these efforts result 
in a distortion rather than in an improvement 
of the human form. That even civilized 
taste is not trustworthy is shown in the fact 
that when a new style is introduced, even 
though it may shock beholders at the first 
because of its incongruity, it is soon received 
with toleration, and may even excite admira- 
tion; then when the style has passed, it is 
"horrid." 
But there is one particular concerning 
which women do not change. They always 
have been interested in personal adornment, 
and they probably always will use their best 
endeavours to make themselves attractive. 
When they do not succeed, it is from lack of 
means, or from deficiency of knowledge, 
rather than from lack of the desire to be 
pleasing in appearance. With the poor it is 
often lack of means; with the rich, it is lack 
of knowing how—"bad taste," in other 
words. 
It is somewhat difficult to realize that real 
beauty lies in simplicity, not in ostentation. 
The colonial dames evidently did not realize 
it as a rule, nor do the majority of their great-
granddaughters.—Selected. 
IDiseases and Their Peculiarities 
Prickly Heat and Dhobi's Itch 
Among the minor ills of the Tropics there is 
none that is more distressing than this 
troublesome malady. The symptoms and 
appearance are too well known to require 
description, and the disease is, as a rule, 
rather irritating and distressicg than involving 
any danger. The process of regulating the 
temperature of the body depends, however, 
almost entirely on the action of the skin, and 
where prickly heat is so extensive and severe 
as to partially incapacitate it from its func-
tions, it is obvious this usually trifling disease 
may be a predisposing cause of more serious 
maladies. Then, again, the loss of sleep 
and nervous irritation kept np by the constant 
itching, pricking and soreness, are powerful 
helps in pulling down the already severely tried 
powers of resistance to the climate, and often 
have a great deal to say in determining an 
ultimate breakdown. 
There is a common popular notion that 
pickly heat is "healthy," people saying that 
"it is a sign of health," and that it is a 
mistake to check it. This, however, except 
in so far that healthy, full-blooded persons 
usually suffer worse than those in an anaemic 
condition because they usually perspire more 
freely, is an entire fallacy; as though good 
health may predispose to prickly heat, it 
cannot but have an influence in rapidly 
reducing that factor in its causation. Then, 
too, the numerous small abrasions that result 
from the bursting of the minute vesicles, 
and from scratching, are extremely liable 
to become infected with the germs of sup- 
puration, and give origin to crops of boils. 
Boils are extremely common, and are 
most painful and debilitating when present 
in large numbers, as they often are in hot 
climates, and I believe they should be really 
regarded merely as sequolae of neglected 
prickly heat and not as a distinct condition. 
For these reasons the writer is strongly of 
opinion that prickly heat should always be 
treated, especially as it is usually quite pos-
sible to keep it within moderate bounds, by 
the use of appropriate remedies. At sea the 
use of salt water for bathing should be 
avoided, but frequent bathing in fresh, and 
especially in rain water, is not only a great 
alleviation, but tends towards cure by re-
moving the irritating accumulation of saline 
matter that results from the constant evapor-
ation of the perspiration. Almost any 
metallic astringent, such as sulphate of 
copper or sulphate of zinc, 4 grains to the 
ounce, will be found to be extremely useful 
in reducing the extent of the irritation, but 
none of these are nearly as effectual as a 
lotion of perchloride of mercury of a strength 
of one per thousand. 
This agent can be obtained ready measured 
out into tabloids, which are always coloured 
blue to prevent mistakes in handling the 
solution; which is a most useful one, not 
only for this purpose, but as a general 
antiseptic. Care should, of course, be taken 
in the custody of these tabloids, and also in 
the handling of the solution; but the latter is 
not really more poisonous than the copper 
solution, or than many other antiseptics which, 
like carbolic acid, are nowadays in constant 
domestic use. This mercurial solution is 
undoubtedly by far the best remedy we have 
for prickly heat, and I have never seen any 
harm or signs of absorption of the mercury 
result, even from its copious use. The 
tabloids should be got of such a size as to make 
about a quarter of a pint of the solution 
and after the bath and before retiring to bed, 
"Vr-,.."*".....,..:—...-......4:-Etz-.7,-..4.7.":^:-7:----:•:., 
____ 
... 
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172 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
all':affected parts of the skin should be dabbed 
with a bit of lint dipped in the solution, 
which should be allowed to dry on to a 
certain extent before putting on one's clothes. 
A further great advantage over the other 
metallic astringents is that, owing to the 
weakness of the solution, it does not injure 
the clothes, and the slight blue aniline colou-
ration easily washes out. It will be found, 
too, an almost complete preventive against 
boils, if resorted to from the commencement 
of the hot season. Powdering with violet 
powder is also useful in subduing the irrita-
tion, which by the adoption of the above-de-
scribed plan, may almost always be kept 
within moderate bounds. 
"Dhobi's itch" is a troublesome irritation of 
the skin often met with in hot climates, 
which is due to the growth of a minute 
fungus within the structure of the scarf-skin. 
It commonly attacks those parts of the body 
where the surfaces of the skin come in 
contact with each other, as, for example, 
between the legs, and in the armpits. The 
general appearance is very much that of a 
"ringworm," the patches spreading by their 
edges, where they are red and irritable and 
tending to fade in the middle. There can be 
little doubt that the disease is generally 
caught by the infection of clothing that has 
been washed in dirty pools along with that 
of previous sufferers from the disease, which 
is very common among the native races. If 
neglected, it is apt to spread so as to cover a 
large area, under which circumstances it is 
apt to be troublesome, but if taken early, 
there is generally no difficulty in dealing 
with it. All that is necessary is to destroy 
the fungus by means of strong anti-septics, 
but in doing so it must be remembered that 
any solution strong enough to kill the fungus 
must necessarily also cause more or less 
inflammation and, for the time, increased 
irritation of the skin. 
On this account, if any considerable area 
be involved, it is mistake to attempt to 
treat the whole of it at once, as such a course 
may easily result in producing an amount of 
soreness and inflammation which may involve 
confinement to bed. The patches should be 
attacked piecemeal, a couple of separate 
patches the size of a shilling being quite as 
much as is prudent to attack on any one 
occasion. 
Equal parts of tincture of iodine, carbolic 
acid and glycerine painted over each patch, 
to the extent above described, is a safe and 
efficient remedy, as also is Goa powder; but 
the essential point is to be on the look-out 
for the contingency, and to at once treat any 
patch that may appear before it has time 
to spread. 
The disease is, I believe, common enough 
in other warm climates, but I am not ac-
quainted with its popular designation else-
where than in India, where it is known by the 
above name.—Climate and Health in Hot 
Countries. 
EALTHFUL 
KER 
-::--- 
--.... 7z„.--,;--7---7-y 
 
Vegetarian Sandwiches 
GEORGE E. CORNFORTH 
(Continued from May) 
Cottage-Cheese and Walnut Sandwiches 
Use two parts cottage-cheese to one part 
chopped, walnuts or other nuts. 
Cottage-Cheese and Jelly Sandwiches 
Spread one slice of the buttered bread with 
cottage cheese, and the other with jelly. 
Cottage-Cheese and Celery Sandwiches 
Season cottage-cheese with salt and cream, 
and mix finely chopped celery with it. 
Egg Sandwiches 
Use either scrambled eggs or velvet eggs as 
-filling. Spread one slice of the bread with 
mayonnaise if desired, or mix mayonnaise with 
the egg mixture after it gets cold. To make 
the scrambled eggs, slightly oil an omelet pan. 
Put into it one-fourth cup cream or two t ble-
spoons milk, then break in three eggs. Add 
one-fourth teaspoon salt. Cook slowly, stir-
ring and scraping the egg from the bottom of 
the pan, till the egg is of the desired consist-
ency, but it should not be conked too hard, or 
it will be difficult of digestion. Or use tomato-
juice instead of the cream or milk. 
To make the velvet eggs, use- 
2 eggs 
1/4 cup milk 
A bit of salt 
Beat together and cook in a double boiler, 
keeping the water in the lower part of the double 
boiler a little below the boiling-point, till the 
mixture thickens, but do not cook it so long 
that it curdles. 
Another nice way to prepare eggs for 
sandwiches is this:— 
Cover the bottom of a slightly oiled omelet 
pan with a thin layer of the velvet egg mixture 
and cook over a moderate heat till it sets 
into a thin sheet, then cut this sheet into 
pieces of the desired size and shape for the 
sandwiches. 
Chopped ripe olives or chopped nuts, 
or both, can be added to any of these egg 
fillings, 
Fresh Tomato Sandwiches 
Put a thin slice of tomato between two slices 
of buttered bread, or spread one slice of the 
bread with mayonnaise, or lay a lettuce leaf on 
top of the slice of tomato. 
Lettuce Sandwiches 
Spread one slice of bread with butter, the 
other with mayonnaise, or spread both slices 
with mayonnaise, and place between the slices 
a fresh, crisp lettuce leaf which has been 
washed and thoroughly dried. 
Cucumber Sandwiches 
Spread half the slices of bread with butter, 
the rest with mayonnaise, or spread mayon-
naise on all the slices. Pare a cold, crisp 
cucumber, cut it into thin slices lengthwise, cut 
the slices the length of the slices of bread, 
place two strips of cucumber side by side on a 
buttered slice of bread, and cover with a sl ce 
which is spread with mayonnaise. Then cut 
the sandwich in two between the slices of 
cucumber, making two oblong sandwiches each 
having a strip of cucumber between the slices. 
Celery Sandwiches 
Use chopped celery mixed with mayonnaise 
as a filling, or make— 
Rolled or Diploma Sandwiches 
Trim the slices of bread, steam them slightly, 
spread with butter, then roll a slice of the 
steamed bread around a stick of crisp celery, 
tie with baby ribbon, and trim off the celery 
even with the ends of the sandwich. 
Other kinds of rolled sandwiches can be 
made by spreading any kind of filling on the 
steamed and buttered slices of bread, rolling 
and tying with baby ribbon. 
Watercress Sandwiches 
Spread half the slices of bread with butter, 
the rest with mayonnaise, and lay sprigs of 
watercress between the slices, or chop the cress 
fine and mix it with mayonnaise, 
174 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
Radish Sandwiches 
Use thin slices of radish between slices of 
bread, one of which has been spread with but-
ter, the other with mayonnaise. 
Apple Sandwiches 
Pare, quarter, and core nice eating apples 
and chop them fine. Mix a little mayonnaise 
salad dressing with the apples, and use for 
sandwich filling. 
Apple and Cottage-Cheese Sandwiches 
Use a mixture of cottage-cheese and chopped 
apple. 
Strawberry Sandwiches 
Use sliced, fresh strawberries between but-
tered slices of bread. A little sugar may be 
sprinkled on the berries if desired. Other 
fresh berries may be used. 
Fresh Peach Sandwiches 
Use sliced fresh peaches for filling. Slices 
of sponge-cake may be used for making these 
sandwiches. No butter is needed on the cake, 
Pineapple Sandwiches 
Use thin slices of fresh pineapple between 
buttered slices of bread, or chop the pineapple 
fine, drain off the juice, which may be used for 
some other purpose. Spread one slice of bread 
with butter, the other with mayonnaise, and 
use the pineapple for filling. 
Hub Sandwiches 
Trim, toast, and butter three slices of bread. 
On one slice spread chopped ripe olives with 
which a little mayonnaise has been mixed. 
Place on this a second slice of toasted bread. 
Lay on this a lettuce leaf and a thin slice of 
tomato. Cover with the third slice of bread. 
Cut cornerwise. Then place on a plate with 
two ends together so as to form a diamond 
shape. Garnish with ripe olives, and a bit of 
jelly placed on top of each sandwich. 
Ribbon Sandwiches 
Use white bread and dark bread. Trim the 
bread so that the slices are all the same size. 
Spread the slices with butter. Then pile four 
slices one on top of the other, using the white 
and dark slices alternately, and using any kind 
of filling desired between the slices. Press 
well together, then with a very sharp knife cut 
the pile into one-fourth-inch slices, so as to 
make sandwiches composed of alternate strips 
of white and of dark bread with filling between. 
Three-Layer Sandwiches 
are attractive, made of two slices of white 
bread with a slice of dark bread between, and 
filling between the slices, Cut into three ob-
long strips, making three sandwiches about as 
wide as they are thick, 
Second-Hand Food 
DAVID PAU 
THE universal prevalence of high blood 
pressure among the middle aged in active 
life is becoming a standing menace to hu-
manity. Men are dropping dead in the streets 
of heart failure, strokes of apoplexy are be-
coming distressingly frequent. It is now 
known that in addition to our modern stren-
uous life, the waste products of meat, the 
nicotine of tobacco, and the cafteine of tea 
all tend to develop this condition. 
Food Plus Ashes 
Meat is partly burned food. It is nourish. 
ment plus ashes; and it is the ashes, the 
waste products, that I seriously object to, and 
that are responsible for a large share of the 
mischief produced by meat eating. 
Contrary to the usual notion, the animal 
kingdom does not make any food at all. 
Every bit of nourishment there is in the 
earth to-day was created by the plants. The 
plant kingdom reaches down, lays hold of the 
LSON, M. D. 
dead minerals, absorbs the gases from the 
air, and aided by the moisture and wooed by 
the sunshine builds up food. The animal 
consumes this plant food, burns up most of it, 
leaving the remainder, more or less burned, 
as muscle. 
But it takes about ten pounds of corn to 
make one pound of flesh. In other words, the 
animal, instead of making food, burns up 
about nine pounds to make one, and leaves a 
lot of ashes clinging even to this pound. 
The food that the animal eats is largely used 
in furnishing energy for its various activities, 
but a small part is stored away as muscle, 
and when we eat flesh we are simply eating 
the original food made by the plant plus the 
ashes made by the animal. 
"HE who is without folly is not so wise as 
he thinks." 
WHAT VACCINATION DOES. 
We quote the words of the Royal Commission 
on vaccination though published many years 
ago :— 
"We have not disregarded the arguments 
adduced for the purpose of showing that a 
belief in vaccination is unsupported by a just 
view of the facts. We have endeavoured to 
give full weight to them. Having done so, 
it has appeared to us impossible to resist the 
conclusion that vaccination has a protective 
effect in relation to small-pox. 
We think— 
(1) 
That it diminishes the liability to be 
attacked by the disease. 
(2) 
That it modifies the character of the 
disease, and renders it (a) less fatal and (b) 
of a milder or less severe type. 
(3) 
That the protection it affords against 
attacks of the disease is greatest during the 
years immediately succeeding the operation of 
vaccination. It is impossible to fix with preci-
sion the length of this period of highest pro- 
tection. Though not in all cases the same, if 
a period is to be fixed, it might, we think, 
fairly be said to cover in general a period of 
nine to ten years. 
(4) 
That after the lapse of the period of 
highest protective potency, the efficacy of vac-
cination to protect against attack rapidly 
diminishes, but that it is still considerable in 
the next quinquennium, and possibly never 
altogether ceases. 
(5) 
That its power to modify the character 
of the disease is also greatest in the period in 
which its power to protect from attack is 
greatest, but that its power thus to modify the 
disease does not diminish as rapidly as its pro-
tective influence against, attacks, and its 
efficacy during the later periods of life to 
modify the disease is still very considerable. 
(6) 
That re-vaccination restores the protec-
tion which lapse of time has diminished, but 
the evidence shows that this protection again 
diminishes, and that to ensure the highest pro-
tection which vaccination can give, the opera-
tion should be at intervals repeated. 
(7) 
That the benefical effects of vaccination 
are most experienced by those in whose case it 
has been most thorough. We think it may 
fairly be concluded that where the vaccine 
matter has been inserted in three or four places, 
it is more effectual than when introduced into 
one or two places only—and that if the vaccina-
tion marks are of the area of half a square 
inch, they indicate a better state of protection 
than if the area be at all considerably below 
this. —Indian Medical Gazette. 
NECESSITY OF CARING FOR THE 
TEETH. 
In one of his recent "Little Talks on Health 
and Hygiene," at Harrisburg, Dr. Samuel G. 
Dixon, '86 M., State Health Commissioner, said 
in part : 
"The African savages who polish their teeth 
to ivory whiteness with the chewed end of a 
stick may be woefully deficient in many ways, 
but in their extremely careful observations of 
this hygienic rite they are an example to many 
civilized people. 
"The proper care of the teeth is as essential 
to the well being of the body as is the unceas-
ing vigilance of its sentries to a beleaguered 
army. The mouth gives access to infection. 
Unless the teeth are kept clean they will 
become infected and decay. 
"Tiny particles of decomposed food remain-
ing between the teeth make an ideal breeding 
ground for germs. When this condition exists 
these unwholesome little enemies find their way 
into the blood through which they are circu-
lated into all parts of the body. 
"This likewise promotes the decay of the 
teeth, which means the breaking down of an 
essential part of onr physical machinery. The 
proper mastication of food is an essential to 
good digestion, and broken, ill-kept incisors, 
bicuspids and molars do not make satisfactory 
grinding machines. As a result unfair de-
mands are made upon the digestive system and 
trouble is apt to ensue. 
‘Begin with the children at an early age and 
teach them to clean the teeth thoroughly at 
least twice a day, morning and evening. Do 
not allow the fact that the first teeth will he 
replaced by others to excuse neglect in the care 
of the children's teeth. Their present health, 
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HERALD OF HEALTH �
177 
the prevention of decay and its accompanying 
pain and the formation in these early years of 
the essential habit of cleanliness, makes the 
care of children's teeth of the utmost impor-
tance. 
"This is equally essential to the health of 
adults ; numerous ailments of a serious nature 
can be traced directly to bad teeth. Then, too, 
there are distinct advantages to be derived 
from proper care. Think what cheerful intro-
duction a smile becomes which displays a row 
of sound teeth. It seems to bespeak cleanliness, 
healthfulness and self-respect."—"Old Penn." 
QUESTION CORNER 
CARBOHYDRATES. 
"Please state what carbohydrates are. I 
understand that they are undesirable elements 
in some forms of intestinal indigestion." 
Carbohydrates include the starches and sug-
ars. They form the hulk, usually, of the vege-
table foods. Unquestionably some carbohy-
drates are more undesirable than others. For 
instance, one person can eat with impunity 
dried bread, or zwieback, who will have distress 
soon after eating fresh bread or potato. An 
other may find that he is not able to use oat-
meal; though in this case, the trouble may be 
in the oil and not in the carbohydrate. Often 
one who is not able to use the ordinary sloppy 
carbohydrates is able to utilize them better if 
they are thoroughly dried out, and possibly 
browned a little. Not infrequently the intesti-
nal disturbance is caused by the use of 
"sweets," such as candy, cake, rich preserves, 
or other food containing sugar in concentra-
tion. One who has trouble with carbohydrate 
digestion should eat his food dry enough to 
compel mastication, and should masticate the 
food until it is thoroughly reduced to a pulpy 
state. In all such cases, the teeth should have 
careful attention, for diseased teeth harbour 
germs that infect the food as it is eaten. 
BAD BREATH. 
"What will cure offensive breath?" 
Bad breath may be due to bad teeth (for 
which consult your dentist, and use some anti-
septic dentifrice, or mouth wash, thoroughly 
several times day) or to catarrh (consult a nose 
and throat specialist for examination and 
treatment) or to constipation. For the latter 
use such foods as vegetables, coarse grains, and 
laxative fruits, which will give you two ur 
178 �
k-ItRALD OF HtALtii 
three good movements a day, one after every 
meal. If this diet is insufficient, make use of 
agar as described in former magazines, or 
liquid vaseline, or both. A high colonic lavage, 
or enema, so taken as to carry the water the 
full length of the colon, and continued until 
the colon is completely emptied of its contents, 
may used by some persons, two or three times 
a week, to advantage. This does not relieve 
the tendency to constipation, but it removes 
som of the rotten products of the constipated 
condition. 
206. PALPITATION OF HEART 
"Cullinga" states that his wife suffers from 
"a frightened, fluttering sensation about the 
heart accompanied with difficulty of breathing. 
. . . Attacks are intermittent, and continue 
for a considerable time. She is very much run 
down with loss of sleep and heat fatigue." 
Ans.—In palpitation of the heart the heart 
beats are not so effective in circulating the 
blood, and the difficulty of breathing is largely 
due to want of blood in the lungs. To improve 
the heart's action, the general health must be 
attended to. It is impossible to have a strong 
heart with a weak body. As much rest as pos-
sible in the recumbent position should be 
taken. Cold wet applications over the heart, 
changed frequently, will help this irregularity 
of the heart. The daily cold mitten friction 
will also prove very serviceable. It is very 
important to attend to the digestion in all 
affections of the heart. With improved diges-
tion and regular bowels, palpitation wiil most 
probably cease. 
VARICOSE VEINS. 
E. B.: "I am suffering from varicose veins in 
my leg, and have a good deal of pain, but no 
ulceration. What treatment would you re-
commend?" 
Arts.—Elevating the limb will give rest and 
bring the greatest relief. It is the only perfect 
rest which you can give it. The application of 
hot fomentations is a useful measure. Alter-
nate hot and cold appli3ations are useful in 
relieving congestion and pains. In some cases 
where the veins are tortuous and irregular it 
may be necessary to wear an elastic stocking, 
which you can obtain from Walton & Curtis, of 
190 Broadhurst Gardens, West Hampstead, 
London, N. W. In extreme cases a surgical 
operation may be necessary. This means the 
removal of the tortuous and knotted veins, and 
is a comparatively simple procedure and uni-
formly successful. 
W. H. Thorne & Co., 
Bombay 
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Many years ago the world was interested to find that a 
machine had been discovered which reproduced the human 
voice, and ever since Scientists have from time to time effect-
ed improvements, and are still engaged in perfecting the 
mechanical means of the reproduction of Sound. 
The ultimate goal must be that machines for the repro-
duction of Sound be so faithful to nature as to form an 
acceptable and welcome substitute. 
Lovers of music may not—especially in India—have the 
opportunity of listening to all that is greatest in the world of 
song, instrumental solos, or their favourite selections played 
by Bands and Orchestras. This the PATHEPHONE claims 
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PATHEPHONE aims at being a musical instrument and not 
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In replying to advertisements please mention "Herald of Health." 
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180 �
HERALD OF HEALTH 
NEWS NOTES 
FREE PURE-FOOD TESTS 
The municipal laboratory of Paris has estab-
lished the first of the contemplated stations for 
free tests at different parts of the town, begin-
ning with the populous suburbs. The analyses, 
will be made in the morning, when marketing 
is being done by housekeepers, and will be 
carried on for only an hour or two. 
TUBERCULIN INSTITUTE FOR MADRAS. 
At a meeting of the King Edward the Seventh 
Memorial Committee held this week it was 
resolved that a sum of Es. 75,000 be expended 
upon the erection of a tuberculin institute, and 
that the balance of money in the hands of the 
Committee, which, with the Government con-
tribution, will amount to about Es. 4 lakhs. be 
founded for the purpose of supplying money 
for the upkeep of the institute and its research 
work.—The M. S. Journal. 
WOMEN AND PATENT MEDICINES. 
Women are by nature credulous, an excellent 
provision provided they do not fall into the 
bands of the unscrupulous, who trade on their 
credulity. The true quack is always unscrupu-
lous. It is part of the definition of him. 
Therefore in all matters of private health, let 
my readers carefully avoid quacks and adver-
tised remedies. The benefit that these reme-
dies effect is nearly always strictly limited to 
the dispensers of them. The patient, if really 
ill, merely postpones the doctor's visit, and, if 
only temporarily indisposed, will get well 
without quacks.—Wrench: The Healthy Mar-
riage. 
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Dental Surgeons, 
107, Esplanade Road, �
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Opposite Clock Tower 
MODEL 10 (with Column Finder) 
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MODEL 11 (with Decimal Tabu-
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THE BATH 
The use of various forms of the bath in the treatment of 
acute or chronic ailments is one of those modern methods of 
healing which has been found most effective. Electric baths, 
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INDIAN MEDICAL RECORD 
Monthly Journal of Public Health & Tropical Medicine 
Annual Subscription: 
Indian Empire—Rs. 5 post free. �
Vol. XXXII 
Foreign-7s. 6d. post free.
Begins 
Sample Copy free. �
January 1914. 
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Eminent European and Indian contributors. A real 
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HERALD OF HEALTH 
Herald of Health, 
rho Indian health Magazine 
Published by the 
International Tract Society, 
17, Abbott Road, Lualeciams 
REGISTERED, �
No. A. q7 
RIPON HOSPITAL, SIMLA. 
The Government of India are meeting the 
cost of a separated room in the Ripon Hospital, 
Simla, for the insta lation of an X-Ray Appa-
ratus. The Simla M ,nicipality is also giving 
Rs. 36.000 towards (1) the remodelling of the 
administrating block. (2) providing an ope-
ration theatre towards which the Gaekwar of 
Baroda has given Rs. 5,000 and (3) adding a 
third storey to the main block. The whole 
outlay of these improvements is estimated at 
rupees eighty thousand. 
CAMPAIGN AGAINST DIRT 
At its last meeting the Societe de Medecine 
Publique et De Genie Sanitaire adopted a reso-
lution against the exposure of goods for sale 
on the streets. This will be brought to the 
attention of the proper authorities in an 
attempt gradually to stop the practice. Among 
the reasons for condemning the practice are 
the following: Safety of pedestrians, who are 
obliged to use the sidewalk more than ever 
since the increase in motor traffic; exposure 
to the weather of the clerks who tend the 
stands; contamination of exposed foods by 
dirt. The society of public medicine and sani-
tary engineering lays special stress on the last 
two points. 
THE RAO SANATORIUM, INDORE. 
DR. GOPAL R. T AMBE sends us a very interest-
ing account of the new Sanatorium opened in 
Indore State at Rao, between Indore and 
Mhow. It has been named after II. H. The 
Maharaja of Indore. It is well situated on 
high land overlooking Indore and Mhow. The 
sanatorium consists of numerous separate 
buildings, sera, nurses' q,,arters, servants' 
quarters,' European's block, Parsi block, Hindu 
block, Brahmin block, bandstand and lavato-
ries. 
We are also glad to see the publication of a 
"clinical quarterly" published by order of the 
Durbar for department circulation only. This 
is a useful record of the excellent clinical and 
operative work done in the Maharaja Tuko. 
Jirao Hospital and in the dispensaries of the 
State. 
The Medical Department of the State consists 
of 1 State Surgeon, 4 Assistant Surgeons, 2 
Lady Doctors and 43 Sub-Assistant Surgeons. 
The Clinical Quarterly reports a large number 
of interesting cases. 
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