J. V. DIMES, Proprietor. 
" WE NAVE NOT FOLLOWED CUNNINGLY DEVISED FABLES.'' 
OFFICE, No. 8 Chardon-street 
WHOLE NO. 654. 
BOSTON, SATITRDAY, NOVEMBER 26, 1853. 
VOLUME XII. NO. 22. 
The Pope Zosimus, " wrote a long circular 
letter to all the bishops, anathematizing the doc-
trine of Pelagius, and exhorting them to follow 
his example. Copies of this letter were sent into 
all the provinces of the Christian world, and out of 
so great a number of bishops eighteen only were 
found, who refused to receive it, and confirm, 
with their subscriptions the anathemas it con-
tained."-lb. p. 156. 
These eighteen bishops were degraded by the 
Pope from their episcopal dignity for refusing to 
condemn Pelagius, and they appealed to the Em-
peror. He sustained the Pope, and enacted " a 
law, banishing from Italy Julian, and with him 
all the bishops, whom Zosimus had deposed. 
This law was soon followed by another, com-
manding all bishops to sign the condemnation of 
Pelagius and Ctelestius, on pain of deposition, 
and perpetual oanishment."-Ib. p. 157. 
419.-The Visigoths, (see 408,) forty-three 
years after they had passed the Danube [A. D. 
376], were established, according to the faith of 
treaties in the possession of the second Aquitain, 
a maritime province between the Garonne and 
Loire About the same time, in the last 
tical and civil. The. Popes will soon make a 
very different figure from that which they have 
hitherto made ; no longer mere bishops, but bish-
ops and princes; and the bishop almost entirely 
lost in the prince; no longer contending only 
with their colleagues for spiritual power and 
jurisdiction, but, at the same time, with the 
greatest monarchs for dominion and empire ; 
nay, employing the sword as well as the keys, 
and heading, as directed by their ambition or in-
terest, botlicouncils and armies. We shall see 
the Western Empire utterly extinct, and Italy 
successively invaded, and partly held by the 
Heruli, by the Goths, by the Greeks, the bom-
bards, the French, the Italians, the Germans, 
and the Normans : and the Popes managing 
their affairs, in all these revolutions, with so 
much art and address, as to reap, from most of 
them, some considerable advantage for them-
selves."-Ib. p. 186. 
433.-The Huns, the first horn of the beast 
from A. D. 376, had possessed themselves of the 
countries on the north of the Danube. " Their 
victorious hordes had spread from the Volga to 
the Danube ; but the public force was exhausted 
by the discord of independent chieftains." Un-
der " Attila the Huns again became the terror 
of the world."-Gibbon, v. 2 p. 314. (See A. 
D. 441.) 
He ascended the throne of the Huns this year. 
Elliott Ho. Ap. v. 1, p. 356. 
This horn is now represented by Hungary. 
440.--Leo is elected Pope. 
441.-Attila, (see 433 and 446) king of the 
Huns, fixed his royal residence about four miles 
from the present city of Buda in Hungary.-El-
liott, v. p. 356. 
The Manichees giving Pope Leo some trouble, 
he obtained a law from the Emperor against 
then, and " they were stripped of all their ef-
effects, driven from their habitations, and con-
demned to perish for want, in the deserts, or the 
most inhospitable places of the Empire. These 
punishments, it is true, were inflicted by the im-
perial edicts and laws, for the Church had not 
yet acquired any temporal power ; but they were 
procured, as is well known, by the rulers of the 
Church, especially by the Bishops of Rome ; 
and it was generally speaking, at their request 
and solicitation, that they were put in execu-
tion."-Bower, p. 197. 
445.-" Leo's zeal did not stop here, but ap-
plying to the Emperor Valentinian III., who 
was then in Rome . . . . obtained a law dated 
19th June, 445, confirming all the laws enacted 
against them by his predecessors, and command-
ing them to be treated as sacrilegious persons, 
banishing them from the cities, excluding them 
from all employments bath civil and military, 
declaring them incapable of giving or receiving 
anything by will or testament, or suing any one 
at law, or making any contract."-lb. p. 198. 
446.-The Eastern Empire (see 441) acknowl-
edged Attila the lord of the lower Danube and 
consented to the annual payment of 350 pounds 
of gold. (Elliott, v. 1, p. 356, Gibbon, v. 2, 
p. 315. See A. D. 455.) 
449 (June 13th).-Pope Leo wrote his cele-
brated letter to Flavianus against the doctrine 
of Eutyches. This is called by Bower " one of 
the most valuable monuments of antiquity." 
" This letter was afterwards [in 451] received 
by the oecumenical council of Chalcedon, and 
by all the bishops of the Catholic Church ; nay, 
in the western churches it was constantly read, 
during the advent, together with the gospel."-
Bower, v. 1, pp. 204, 450. 
449.-Hengist and Horsa, Saxon leaders, rang-
ing the coast of the British Channel with three 
of their piratical vessels, were invited by Gwrth-
eyrn (Vortigern), a British prince of Kent, to 
serve against these northern invaders. [See A. D. 
4091-.M'Culloch's Geo. Dic. v. 1, p. 861. 
" The Britons hailed them as their deliver-
ers ; and soon saw the Picts and Scots, driven 
again into their native wilds. Interest is the 
ruling passion in the heart of man ; the Britons 
rejoiced to see themselves freed from the Picts 
years of the reign of Honorius, the Goths, the 
Burgundians, and the Franks obtained a perma-
nent seat, and dominion in the provinces of 
Gaul."-Gibbon, v. 2, pp. 276, 277. (See A. D. 
506.) 
419.-Pope " Zosirnus being dead, great dis-
turbances arose about the election of his succes-
sor." Eulalius and Boniface were each chosen 
and ordained as Pope the same day. The for-
mer, by command of the Emperor Honorius, was 
finally driven from Rome ; and " thus was Boni-
face placed on the Roman See, and vested with 
the papal dignity by the clemency of the Empe-
ror."-Bower, p. 163. 
419 (July lst).-Boniface then " wrote to 
the Emperor entreating him to restrain, by some 
severe law, the ambition of those, who, trusting 
more to their intrigues than to their merit, as-
pired to a dignity that was due to merit alone. 
The Emperor in compliance with so just a de-
mand, enacted a law well calculated to prevent 
effectually the evil complained of, and keep the 
ambition of the candidates to the papacy within 
due bounds This is the first instance, 
that occurs in history, of princes intermeddling 
in the election of the Pope The Pope 
himself, called on the Emperors to interpose their 
authority."-Th. p. 163. 
422.-On the death of Boniface, Celestine is 
chosen Pope. 
425.-" The schism formed by Eulalius was 
not, it seems, yet quite extinct in Rome in the 
year 425, for I find a law of that year, dated 
the 17th of July, and addressed to Faustus, pre-
fect of the city, commanding all Manichees, 
heretics, schismatics, and sects of every denomi-
nation, to be driven out of Rome; but more es-
pecially those, who, separating themselves from 
the communion of the venerable Pope, kept 
alive a dangerous schism. Over these Faustus 
enjoine I to keep a watchful eye, to summon 
them to communicate with Celestine, and, if 
they did not comply with the summons in twenty 
days, to banish them a hundred miles from 
Rome. This law was issued by Placidia, Who, 
upon the death of her brother Honorius, which 
happened in the month of August, 423, and that 
of the usurper John, killed in 425, governed the 
Western Empire, as a guardian to her son Val-
entinian III. The law she issued, probably put 
an end to the schism ; for no further mention is 
made of it by any historian."-lb. p. 167. 
427.-Genseric (of the 2d horn, A. D. 406) in-
vaded Afric. " The Vandals, who in twenty 
years had penetrated from the Elbe to Mount 
Atlas, were united under the command of their 
warlike king ; and he reigned with equal au-
thority over the Alani, who had passed, within 
the term of human life, from the cold of Scythia, 
to the excessive heat of an African climate."-
Gibbon, v. 2, p. 307. 
The kingdom of the Vandals here established, 
continued an independent government, till sub-
verted by the arms of Justinian in A. D. 533. 
430.-" The year 430 is one of the most re-
markable years in the annals of the Church. 
For it was in that year that the famous dispute 
began between Nestorius, Bishop of Constanti-
nople, and St. Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, 
which rent the Church into two opposite and ir-
reconcilable factions. What gave occasion to 
that dispute was, the title of Mother of God,' 
which began at this time to be commonly given 
to the Virgin Mary. Such a title Nestorius 
thought very improper."-Bower, p. 175. 
430 (Aug. llth).-Nestorius is condemned by 
a council at Rome.-lb. p. 176. 
431.-An oecumenical council is summoned by 
the Emperor to meet at Ephesus, which also con-
demns Nestorius.-lb. p. 178. 
432.-On the death of Celestine, Sixtus, the 
third of that name, was chosen Pope. Of this 
epoch, the historian says : 
" Thus far the history of the Popes has been 
merely ecclesiastical, and therefore less enter-
taining ; but the affairs of the Church will be-
gin very soon to be so interwoven with those of 
the state, as to render the history both ecclesias- 
and Scots; the Saxons rejoiced to find how easy 
a conquest such a people as the Britons, might 
become to their arms."-Butler's U. Hist. p. 85. 
RISE OF THE SEVENTH HORN. 
450.-" Five thousand auxiliaries soon ar-
rived ; quarrels arose between the Britons and 
their guests; and in 457 the latter conquered 
Kent for themselves."-MCulloch's Geo. Dic. 
1, p. 861. 
Pleased with the fertility of the soil, they 
sent to their brethren, to come over and join in 
the conquest of the Island : this they readily ac-
cepted, and a strong force embarked, and land-
ed in Britain ; here opened a scene too horrible 
to relate; suffice it to say, that after a succes-
sion of severe and desperate conflicts, the Brit-
ons were not only subdued, but almost extermi-
nated ; and the Saxons became masters of the 
island, until Prince Albert arose. He gave re-
lief to such of his countrymen, as had escaped 
the murderous sword, and fled to the mountains 
and forests for safety : collected a band of these 
fugitives, fell upon the Saxons at Badon Hill, 
in 520, and gained such a victory, as gave relief 
to the Britons about forty years."-But. U. 
Hist. p. 85. 
" The first appearance of supremacy among 
the numerous chieftains of the Anglo-Saxons oc-
curs in the instance of Ella, king of Sussex, who 
having, in consequence of a great victory, ob-
tained a temporary authority over the Britons, 
assumed the title of Bretwalda (ruler of the 
Britons) about A. 0. 491."-M'Culloch's Goo. 
Die. v. 1, p. 861. 
" During the long period of the Saxon con-
quest, several independent states were founded, 
of which the principal and best known are Wes-
sex, Sussex, Kent, Essex, Deira, East Anglia, 
Northumberland ; and hence has arisen the well-
known term of heptarchy ; which however is 
substantially erroneous, inasmuch as at no spe-
cial point of time, did these seven states exist 
independently of each other. Several princes 
who by connection or conquest obtained a supe-
rior power to the rest, assumed in succession the 
title of Bretwalda, which eventually (A. n. 830) 
was held by Egbert, king of Wessex, commonly 
regarded as the first king of England."-Ib. p. 
861. 
It appears from Cwsar, that long previously 
to his invasion of Britain, colonies of Belgians 
had passed over into it, and there occupied its 
maritime and most fertile portions. (De Bello 
Gallieo, lib. v. ¢ 12.) The Romans, though 
they subdued Great Britain, did riot settle in 
great numbers in it ; and the Belgm by whom 
it had been colonized at the epoch of their in. 
v ision, may be regarded as the principal pro- 
genitors of the. English nation The an- 
cient and recent Saxon and Belgian colonists 
being essentially the same people, readily amal-
gamated. The invaders having expelled the 
original inhabitants from the lower and more 
fruitful parts of the . country, the latter were 
compelled to resort to the fastnesses of Wales, 
the highlands of Scotland, and the remote parts 
of Devon and Cornwall. The facilities which 
these countries afforded for resisting and elud-
ing an invading force, prevented them being 
overrun by the Goths. They were never even 
FULLY SUBDUED by the Roman legions ; and at this 
moment we find them a distinct race, speaking 
the language of their remote ancestors." - 
111'Culloch's Geo. Dic. v. 1, p. 456. 
450.-Theodosius, the Younger, being de-
ceased, his sister Pulcheria was unanimously 
proclaimed Empress of the East. 
Pulcheria, who relieved her brother from 
the weight of an empire, was the firmest pillar 
of orthodoxy."-Gibbon, v. 3, p. 255. 
" She gave her hand to Marcian, a senator, 
about sixty years of age, and the nominal hus-
band of Pulcheria was solemnly invested with 
the imperial purple. The zeal which he dis-
played for the orthodox creed, as it was estab-
lished by the Council of Chalcedon, would alone 
have inspired the grateful eloquence of the Oath-
olies."-Ib. v. 2, p. 331. 
(Continued from our loot.) 
Chronological Table 
OF EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE PAPACY, 
414.-Atticus, allowed Chrysostom's name to 
be inserted in the diptychs-giving as a reason 
in one of his letters, " that he could no longer 
withstand the threats and violence of an enraged 
multitude ; and in another, that he had done it 
to comply with the will of the Emperors, and to 
conform to the sentiments of his brethren, both 
in the East and West."-Bower, v. 1, p. 142. 
415.-On the settlement of the schism of An-
tioch, in 398, '' Flavianus, being thus at last, in 
the seventeenth year of his episcopacy, acknowl-
edged by, and united in communion with, all 
the bishops of the Catholic Church, spared no 
pains to gain over the Eustathians, that, by re-
uniting them to the rest of his flock, he might 
have the merit and glory of establishing an en-
tire and lasting tranquillity in the church com-
mitted to his care. Bat his zeal was not therein 
attended with the wished-for success. The glory 
of completing so great and desirable a work was, 
by Providence, reserved for Alexander, one of 
his successors, who had the satisfaction of seeing 
all party-names laid aside, and the whole people 
of Antioch united in one flock, under one and 
the same shepherd. This union was made with 
great solemnity, in the year 415 ; eleven years 
after the death of Flavianus, and eighty-five 
after the beginning of the schism."-Th. p. 123. 
417 (Jan. 27).-Pope Innocent claimed, in a 
letter to the Bishop of Carthage, that ''all 
ecclesiastical matters, throughout the world are, 
by Divine right, to be referred to the apostolic 
see, before they are finally decided in the prov-
inces."-lb. p. 147. 
To Innocent, " the see of Rome was more in-
debted for the grandeur it afterwards gained, 
than to all his predecessors together. He formed 
the plan of that spiritual monarchy which they, 
by constant application, established at last"- 
p. 148. 
417 (March 18).-Zosimus is chosen Pope. 
418 (May lst).-A council of 225 bishops 
met at Carthage and condemned anew the doc-
trine of Pelagius concerning grace and original 
sin ; and sent their decrees to the Emperor 
Honorius. 
" Those decrees the Emperor not only ap-
proved, but enacted this year, 418, a severe law 
against the Pelagians, dated from Ravenna, the 
30th of April, and addressed to Palladius, then 
prtefectus prtetorio. . . . . In virtue of this 
law, an order was issued by the priefe•cti prw-
torio, namely by Junius Quartus Palladius, pre-
fect of Italy, Monaxius, prefect of the East, and 
Agricola, prefect of' Gaul, commanding Pela-
gius and Cmlestius so be driven out of Rome, 
and the accomplices of their errors to be stripped 
of their estates, and condemned to perpetual 
banishment."-Th. p. 155. 
378 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
stripped it of its wealth, and retired on the 29th 
of the same month.-/b. p. 233. 
457.-In the beginning of this year Marcian, 
Emperor of the East, died, and Leo, a Catholic 
was chosen Emperor by the Senate, and " re-
ceived the imperial crown from the hands of the 
Patriarch or Bishop, who was permitted to ex-
press by this unusual ceremony the suffrage of 
the Deity."-Gibbon, v. 2, p. 368. 
He was the first Emperor crowned by a priest. 
Of Leo and Marcian, Gibbon says : " Those 
pious Emperors enforced with arms and edicts 
the symbol of their f'aith ; and it was declared 
by the conscience or honor of five hundred bish-
ops, that the decrees of the synod of Chalcedon 
might be lawfully supported, even with blood." 
-Vol. 3. p. 260. 
When the Emperor Leo was finally seated on 
the throne, he " declared his alliance with his 
colleague Anthemius, whom he solemnly invested 
with the diadem and purple of the West."-Gib-
bon, v. 2. p. 368. 
The death of Marcian " was no sooner known 
in Egypt, than the Eutycheans, who were very 
numerous there, especially in Alexandria, think-
ing themselves now free from the restraint, be-
gan to renew their efforts against the council of 
Chalcedon, which the deceased Emperor had 
made it the chief business of his reign to defend 
and establish."-Bower, v. 1, p. 534. 
" They were stirred up and headed by one 
Timotheus, surnamed from the fierceness of his 
nature, A:turus, that is, the cat,' a name fa-
mous in the annals of the Church." He aspirt d 
to the bishopric of Alexandria ; and by going in 
the dark around to the cells of the monks, who 
imagined an angel had spoken to them, he caused 
himself to be elected, and drove from his see and 
murdered Proterus, the lawful bishop.-Th. p. 
234. 
460.-Timotheus 2Eturus, was driven from 
his see and banished from Alexandria, and that 
disturbance quieted. 
461 (Nov. 10th).-Pope Leo died. After a 
vacancy of nine days, Hilarius was chosen in 
his room. 
464.-In a letter to several Gallivan bishops, 
Pope Hilarius, refers to the laws of the Emperors 
as empowering him to exercise authority over 
the other bishops.-Ib. p. '253. 
466.-Anthemius, Emperor of the West, gave 
leave " for Christians of all denominations to 
assemble publicly by themselves to own openly 
the doctrines they held, and to serve God in the 
manner which they believed to be most agreea-
ble to hint . . . . but the Pope, in the utmost 
alarm and consternation opposed it with so much 
warmth, that the Emperor thought it advisable 
to revoke the permission he had granted before 
it took place."-Ib. p. 255. 
" The Popes taking the advantage of the fre-
quent changes of the Emperors; of their absence 
from Rome, for they did not now reside there ; 
of the disturbances and revolutions in the state, 
and the great respect and veneration which their 
character, and the grandeur they affected, pro-
cured for them from the common people ; began 
now to act as sovereigns of Rome, the Emperors 
themselves not thinking it safe, as the empire 
was at its lowest ebb, and invaded on all sides 
by the barbarians, to disoblige or oppose them." 
-lb. p. 256. 
467.-Pope Hilarius died, and Simplicius is 
chosen Pope. " Simplicius governs the Roman 
Church in the worst of times ; and in his pontifi-
cate happened great revolutions both in the East 
and the West, both in the Church and the state." 
-lb. p. 257. 
471.-Acacius is chosen Bishop of Constanti-
nople, after the death of Genadius, the former 
bishop. Acacias, " no longer satisfied with the 
second place, began, in defiance of the council of 
Chalcedon, to aspire to the first ; though the 
Bishop of Rome would not even allow him the 
second."-lb. p. 257. 
472. - Acacius obtained an edict from the 
Emperor Leo, " confirming, in a most ample 
manner, all the honors, privileges, and preroga-
tives, that had ever been yielded to, or enjoyed 
by, the most holy Church of Constantinople."-
lb. p. 258. 
Pope " Simplicius was no sooner informed of' 
the edict, issued by the Emperor, than, taking 
the alarm, as if the Christian religion and the 
whole Church were in imminent danger, de-
spatched," a legate to the Emperor " charging 
him to remonstrate against it as repugnant to the 
known laws of the Catholic Church. What was 
the issue of this legation is not known."-lb. p. 
258. 
474.-The imperial throne of the East became 
vacant by the death of the Emperor Leo. The 
inheritance devolved on his infant grandson, the 
son of his daughter Ariadne and her husband 
Thrascalisseus, who took the name of Zeno. 
The young prince suddenly died, and Zeno be-
came Emperor. 
475.-" Zeno, the son-in-law and successor 
of Leo was driven from his throne, or rather 
" As Puleheria was greatly attached to the 
see of Rome, and had a particular veneration 
for Leo [the Pope], the new Emperor [her hus-
band Marcian] out of complaisance to her, not 
only received his legates with the greatest marks 
of respect and esteem, but wrote him a most 
obliging letter to acquaint him with his acces-
sion to the imperial throne, to implore the as-
sistance of his prayers, and to assure him, that 
he had nothing so much at heart as the unity of 
the Church, and the extirpation of heresies; and 
that, in order to procure the one and the other, 
he was determined to assemble an oecumenical 
council, of which the Bishop of Rome, whom he 
styles the first bishop, should be absolute was- 
ter."-Bower
. 
 , v. 1, p. 209. 
450.-" The extraordinary deference and re-
gard paid both by Marcian and Pulcheria to 
the Bishop of Rome, changed at once the face of 
affairs all over the East. The change began at 
court, and the example of the court was soon 
followed by the Church."-Ib. p. 210. 
Rome have since claimed as their right, extorted 
either from princes, or their own colleagues, 
choosing rather to gratify them in their de-
mands, however unreasonable, than to endanger 
the peace of the church, by opposing them as 
they ought to have done."-Ib. pp. 220, 221, 
452.-=" Attila, the famous king of the Huns, 
commonly styled Flagellum Dei, or Scourge of 
God, being driven out of Gaul, broke unexpect-
edly into Italy."-Ib. p. '230. 
By the intercession of the Pope, peace was 
made between Attila and the Emperor of the 
West. 
453.-Attila, the king of the Huns died, and 
his huge disjointed kingdom was partitioned among 
several sovereigns. As the first horn, its power 
was continued by the Gepidm. (See 433, 441, 
and 446.) 
The Empire of the Huns under Attila, had 
its seat, or the palace of the king within the Ro-
man province of Dacia. When that monarch 
died, " the palace of Attila, with the old coun-
try of Dacia, from the Carpathian hills to the 
Euxine, became the seat of a new power, which 
was erected by Ardaric, king of the Gepidae " 
(Gib. v. 2, p. 348,)-who had been a part of 
the Empire of the Huns, and continued as the 
representative of that horn till the nation of the 
Gepidaa was dissolved by the Lombards in A. D. 
566. 
RISE OF THE EIGHTH HORN. 
453.-" After many vicissitudes, the Ostro-
goths obtained a settlement in Pannonia and 
Sclavonia, but not till the destruction of the 
kingdom of the Huns in 453."-En. Am. v. 5, 
p. 564. 
They continued to hold a portion of Panno-
nia, between the Alps and the Danube, and a 
part of Elyria till 493, when they invaded Italy 
and subdued the Heruli.-Ja-nand de reit. get. 
chap. 52, p. 689. 
RISE OF THE NINTH HORN. 
453.-The Lombards.-These were a branch 
of the Gepidtc, and embraced in the Hunnic na-
tion till the death of Attila. In A. D. 455, ac-
cording to Grotius, they became independent 
nation and possessed a portion of Pannonia, on 
the east of the Alp mountains, and south of the 
Danube river. (See Lord on the Apoc., p. 370.) 
This territory they maintained till the time of 
Justinian, of whom Gibbon states that when the 
Gepidm took possession of the Roman fortifica-
tions on the Danube, that " for the protection 
of his subjects, the Emperor invited a strange 
inces between the Danube and the Alps; and 
the ambition of the Gepidx was checked by the 
power and fame of the Lombards."-v. 3, p. 98. 
But according to Grotius, they had been in the 
Roman territory from the death of Attila. In 
566 they put an end to the Gepidm. 
Paul Warnefrid's Miscellany, expressly as-
serts that the Gepidte, of whom the Lombards 
were a branch, passed the Danube in the reigns 
of A.rcadius and Honorius and settled around 
Sirgidunum and Sirmium."-Grot. Proleg. p. 
53. 
Procopins also represents the Lombards. 
on the death of Attila, as taking possession of 
that part of Pannonia which had before been oc-
cupied by the Huns."-Hist. Vand. Lib. I, pp. 
5, 6. 
453.-The monks of Egypt and Palestine, 
" persuaded that the fathers of Chalcedon had 
betrayed the faith, and established a doctrine 
repugnant to that of Nice, began, as soon as the 
council [of Chaleedon] broke up, to assemble in 
great numbers, and out of the abundance of 
their zeal for what they thought the Orthodox 
faith, to threaten with death and destruction all 
who should refuse to anathematize the council, 
its symbol, and the letter of Leo," written A. D. 
449. They were headed by a monk named Theo-
dosius, who was soon surrounded by " a numer-
ous army of monks and anchorites, who were 
soon joined by all the outlaws, thieves, and rob-
bers in those parts. With this army he ad-
vanced to Jerusalem, made himself master of 
that city, and having reinforced his army there 
from the public jails, he abandoned to their fury 
all whom he thought less orthodox than himself. 
The monks and their auxiliaries, being thus let 
loose, the city was soon turned into a scene of 
blood and slaughter; several persons, venerable 
for their piety, were cruelly massacred, their 
houses were plundered, and set on fire ; and 
none were spared, who had the courage to own 
two natures in Christ."-lb. p. 232. 
Pope Leo wrote a long letter to the monks, 
which " made no small impression on some of 
them, who thereupon, abandoning Theodosius, 
returned to their monasteries. But it was by 
the imperial authority, or rather troops, that 
the disturbances were in the end entirely com-
posed."-Ib. p. 232. 
455 (March 17th).-Valentinian, the III., 
Emperor of the West, was murdered. 
455 (June 15th).-The Vandals entered Rome, 
shamefully abandoned it to his rival Basiliscus ; 
and the new Emperor ,no sooner found himself 
in possession of the Empire, than he openly 
declared against the Council of Chalcedon," 
and " re-called the famous Timotheus }Eturus 
[see A. D. 457] to the see of Alexandria."-lb. 
261. 
476 (Jan. 10th).-Pope Simplicius, wrote to 
the Emperor Basiliscus, protesting against Ti-
motheus lEturus. The Emperor disregarded the 
Pope's letter, and permitted Aturus to assem-
ble a council in this year at Constantinople. 
After the council, the Emperor issued an ordi-
nance, anathematizing " Leo's famous letter, 
and the acts, decisions, and decrees of the 
Council of Chaleedon," and peremptorily requir-
ing the bishops throughout the Empire to sign 
this letter."-lb. p. 262. . 
The Bishops of Asia, signed the Emperor's 
letter to a man. " The example of the Asiatics 
was followed by most other bishops; and no 
fewer than six hundred signed the Emperor's let-
ter. Thus was the Council of Chalcedon as 
universally condemned and rejected, as it had 
been, but 18 years before, universally approved 
and received."-lb. p. 263. 
Acacius, Bishop of Constantinople refused the 
letter; and was sustained by the populace, in 
that resolution.-lb. p. 262. 
"Thus did the Eutychian party prevail anew 
all over the East ; all the chief sees, but that of 
Constantinople, being now in the hands of the 
avowed enemies of the Council of Chalcedon." 
lb. p. 265. 
(To be Continued ) 
NOPIIMMENEWO.MILINP 
The Holy War. 
THE war has at last opened on the Danube,-
a war of religious fanaticism on both sides, of 
traditional ambition with the Russians, of life 
and death with the Turks. As was to have been 
expected, Omar Pasha has been the first to begin 
positive hostilities ; it was in the line of his duty 
to make some demonstration toward the forcible 
expulsion of the invaders from the Ottoman ter-
ritory; but it is by no means certain that he has 
thrown from thirty to fifty thousand men across 
the Danube, as is rumored from Vienna, and there 
is reason to fear that if' he has done so lie has 
committed a fatal blunder. On the shore he 
leaves, he has ample resources of defence and a 
good position ; on the shore he seeks he has in-
ferior power of attack and no retreat in case of 
disaster. The report of his crossing with such 
numbers must therefore be doubted till more 
positive advices. 
While the struggle in Europe is commenced 
under disadvantageous circumstances for the 
Turks, the ease is otherwise in Asia. There, the 
frontier territories of Russia and Turkey divide 
themselves, in a military point of veiw, into two 
quite distinct theatres of operation. It is the 
high ridge, or rather concatenation of ridges, 
connecting the Caucasus with the table-land of 
Central Armenia, and dividing the waters that 
run toward the Black Sea, from those which the 
Araxes leads to the Caspian Sea, or the Euphrates 
to the Persian Gulf ; it is this ridge which for-
merly parted Armenia from Pontus, that now 
forms the partition of the two distinct districts 
where the war is to be waged. This range of 
abrupt and generally barren rocks, is traversed 
by very few roads-the two trincipal of which 
are those from Trebisond and Batun to Erzerum. 
Thus for all military purposes, the hills in ques-
tion may be considered as nearly impassable, 
forcing both parties to have distinct corps on 
either side, operating more or less independently 
of each other. 
The country on the shore of the Black Sea is 
intersected by a number of rivers and mountain 
torrents, which form as many military positions 
for defence. Both the Russians and the Turks 
have fortified posts on important points. In this 
generally broken country, (the valley of the river 
Rioni is the only one which forms anything like 
a plain,) a defensive war might be carried on with 
great success against a superior army, (as very 
tew positions are liable to be turned on the land 
side, on account of the mountains,) were it not 
for the co-operation of the respective fleets. By 
advancing, and, in case of need, landing troops, 
upon the flank of the enemy, while the army 
engages him in front, a fleet might turn all these 
strong positions, one by one, and neutralize, if 
not destroy, fortifications which, on either side of 
the frontier, are very respectable. Thus the pos-
session of the Black Sea Coast belongs to him 
who is master of the Sea ; or, in other words, 
unless the allied fleets co-operate actively with 
the Turks, 
jn
uarks.s, it will in all likelihood belong to the 
Russians. 
 
The country in the interior, on the inland side 
of the mountains, comprises the territory in which 
the Euphrates, the Araxes and the Kur (Cyrus) 
take their rise; the Turkish province of Armenia 
is on the one, the Russian province of Georgia 
on the other side of the frontier. This country, 
too, is extremely mountainous and generally im-
passable to armies. Erzerum on the part of the 
Turks, Tiflis on the part of the Russians, may 
The letter of Leo (449) was " received by the 
bishop and clergy of Constantinople, and soon 
after by all the bishops of the East, excepting 
those of Illyricum, Palestine, and Egypt."-
lb. p. 210. 
451 (Oct. 8th).-The famous Council of Chal-
cedon, consisting of 630 bishops-the most nu-
merous council that had been held, was assem-
bled, by order of the Emperor, in the great 
church of St. Euphemia. 
The Ostrogoths were under the dominion of 
This council was to decide the disputed point the Huns till the death of Attila in 453. 
whether Christ was in two natures, or only of 
two natures. 
" It was this small difference . . . that set all 
the bishops of the church at variance, and in-
fluenced them to the degree we have seen. The 
council decided that the two natures were united 
without change, division or mixture ; and en-
trusted not in two persons, but in one."-lb. p. 
213. 
" It was in those times no less dangerous to 
speak or write upon matters of faith, than under 
the greatest tyrants upon matters of state; for as 
everything there, that is said or written is called 
treason ; so everything here was called heresy, 
and punished as such."-Ib. p. '214. 
A creed was composed at this council, " to 
which they all agreed ; and the substance of it 
was, that there is but one Christ, perfect God, 
and perfect man, in his divinity consubstantial 
with God, and consubstantial with us in his hu-
manity ; that in him the two natures were united 
without change, division or mixture; and sub-
sisted not in two persons, but in one."-lb. p. 
 
451 (Oct. 25th).-On this day the Emperor people to invade and possess the Roman prov- 
Marcian came in person to the council, and in 
his presence the symbol or decree, which I have 
mentioned above, was read, approved, and signed 
by all the members of the assembly."-lb. p. 
 
" Matters of faith being THUS SETTLED to the 
satisfaction of both parties, the council took 
next the discipline of the Church into conside- 
ration. 
. 
The 28th canon of the council of Chalcedon, 
Placed the Bishop of New Rome (Constantino-
ple,) next in dignity to that of Old Rome, with 
corresponding privileges, which greatly offended 
Pope Leo. 
" The presumption and invincible obstinacy 
which Leo betrayed on this occasion, gave great 
offence to all the bishops who had assisted at the 
council. They could not brook his presumption, 
taxing, as he did in all his letters, so numerous 
a council with a breach of the canons of Nice, 
as if he alone had reached the true meaning of 
those canons, or alone had a due regard for the 
discipline established by them in the church. 
But the Emperor was so far from resenting, as 
the fathers of the council thought he would do, 
Leo's thus peremptorily refusing to comply with 
his request, that on the contrary he commended 
him for his inviolable attachment to the canons 
of the fathers ; nay, and obliged Anatolius, upon 
Leo's threatening a seeond time to cut him off 
from his communion, to appease the angry Pope 
by a letter, well calculated indeed for that pur-
pose, but ill becoming a prelate of Anatolius' 
dignity and rank in the church."-Ib. pp. '219, 
220. 
• 
The good Emperor thought himself bound 
both as a Christian, and as Emperor, to main-
tain the peace of the church at any rate ; and 
to prevent the bishops from quarrelling about 
power, after he had, with so much trouble, 
brought them to agree about the faith. But, on 
the other hand, he was too well acquainted with 
the jealous temper of the Bishop of Rome, too 
sensible of the umbrage he took at the least in-
crease of power in his rival of Constantinople, 
though he strove to disguise it with the specious 
name of zeal for the canons, to imagine he ever 
would yield. In order therefore to divert him 
from rekindling the war, and involving the church 
with new troubles, which his excommunicating 
Anatolius would unavoidably have done so, he 
obliges the latter, who was his subject to submit, 
and write the letter I have mentioned. Thus 
were many prerogatives, which the Bishops of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
in favor of his Protestant subjects," indicates a 
very liberal and correct sentiment on his part : 
" Most honored vizier, illustrious counsellor, 
maintainer of the good order of the world, di-
rector of public affairs with wisdom and judg-
ment, accomplisher of the important transactions 
of mankind with intelligence and good sense, 
consolidator of' the edifice of empire and of glory, 
endowed by the Most High with abundant gifts, 
and Moushir, at this time, of my gate of felicity, 
my Vizier Mehemed Pacha, may God be pleased 
to preserve him long in exalted dignity. 
" Let it be known on the receipt of this my 
noble rescript, that : — Whereas, those of my 
Christian subjects who have embraced the Prot-
estant faith, have suffered inconveniences and 
difficulties, in consequence of their having been 
hitherto placed under a separate and special ju-
risdiction, and in consequence of' the Patriarchs 
and Primates of their old creeds, which they 
have abandoned, not being naturally able to ad- 
minister their affairs. 
Whereas,
r 
 in necessary 
accordance with my imperial solicitude and be-
nevolence toward all classes of my subjects, it is 
contrary to my imperial pleasure that any class 
of them should be exposed to trouble. And 
whereas, by reason of their faith, the aforesaid 
Protestants form a separate community. It is 
in consequence my royal pleasure, that measures 
be taken for the sole purpose of facilitating the 
administration of their affairs, so that they may 
live in peace, quiet and security. Let then a 
respectable and trustworthy person, chosen by 
themselves from among their own number, be 
appointed, with the title of Agent of the Prot-
estants,' to be attached to the department of the 
Minister of Police. It shall be the duty of the 
agent to take charge of the register of the mem-
bers of the community, and which is to be kept 
at the police department. The agent is to reg-
ister therein all births and deaths. All applica-
tions for passports and marriage licenses, and on 
those special affairs of the community which are 
to conic before the Sublime Porte, or any other 
department, are to be made under the official 
seal of the agent. 
" The present royal and august edict has been 
especially granted and issued from my Imperial 
chancery, for carrying my pleasure into execu-
tion. Hence thou, the above-indicated Moushir, 
shall carry the preceding ordinance into scru-
pulous execution, conformably with the expla-
nations given. As, however, the assessment of 
taxes and the delivery of passports are subject 
to specific regulations, thou shalt not permit 
anything to be done in contravention thereto. 
Thou shalt not suffer any tax or haratch to be 
required of the Protestants, for marriage licenses 
or for registration. Thou shalt be careful that, 
like unto the other communities of the empire, 
every facility and required assistance be afforded 
to them in all their affairs, and in all matters 
concerning their cemeteries and places of wor-
ship. Thou shalt not permit any interference 
whatsoever, on the part of any other community, 
with their rights or with their religious concerns, 
nor, in short, with any of their affairs, call& 
secular or religious, in any manner whatsoever ; 
in order that they may be enabled to exercise 
the usuages of their faith in security. Thou 
shalt not suffer them to be molested one iota in 
these or in any other matters; and thou shalt 
be careful and attentive to maintain them in the 
desired quiet and security. They are to be per-
mitted to make those representations to the Sub-
lime Porte which it may be necessary to make 
concerning their affairs, through their agent. 
After thou hest taken due cognizance of these 
matters, thou shalt cause the present noble re-
script to be registered in the proper quarter, and 
The Sultan's Firman. 
TILE following " Firman of the Sultan, granted 
But that we may say, that in all probability the 
forces of both parties (an immediate general in-
surrection of the Caucasians left outer the ques-
tion) the forces will be pretty nearly balanced, 
that the Turks may, perhaps, be a little stronger 
than the Russians, and therefore will he, on this 
theatre of war, justly entitled to undertake °fen. 
Sire operations, 
The chances for the Turks are, indeed, far 
more encouraging in Asia than in Europe, In 
Asia they have but one important post to guard, 
Batun; and an advance, be it from Batun, or 
from Erzerum toward the Caucasus, opens to 
them in case of success a direct communication 
with their allies, the mountaineers, and may at 
once cut off the communication, at least by land, 
of the Russian army south of the Caucasus with 
Russia ; a result which may lead to the entire 
destruction of' that army. On the other hand, if 
defeated, the Turks risk losing Batun, Trebisond 
and Erzerum ; hut even if that be the case. the 
Russians will then not be strong enough to ad-
vance any further. The advantages are far su-
perior to the loss to be undergone in case of de-
feat ; and it is therefore, for sound and satisfac-
tory reasons, that the Turks appear to have de-
cided upon offensive warfare in those regions. 
N. Y. Tribune. 
be said to be the two immediate bases of opera-
tions, with the loss of which the possession of the 
whole neighboring country would be inevitably 
lost. Thus the storming of Erzerum by the 
Russians decided the Asiatic campaign of 1829, 
But what is the immediate basis of operation 
for one party, will be the direct object of opera-
tions to the other, Thus the roads connecting 
Tiflis and Erzerum will be the lines of operations 
for both. There are three roads; one by the 
upper Kur and Akhalzikhe, the other by the 
upper Araxes and Erivan, the third in the midst 
between these two, across the mountains by way 
of Kars. " All these roads are guarded on either 
side, by fortified towns and posts, and it would 
be difficult to say which would be for Turks or 
Russians, the most eligible. Suffice it to say 
that the road by Akhalzikhe is the one which 
would lead a Turkish army most directly upon 
the insurgent districts of the Caucasus, but that 
very advance of the Turks would be turned by a 
Russian corps advancing from Batun up the val-
ley of the Tchorokh by Otti upon Erzerum ; the 
road from Batun joins that from Tiffin only about 
15 miles from Erzerum which would enable a 
Russian corps advancing in the direction alluded 
to, to cut off the communication of the Turks, 
and, if strong enough, to take possession even of 
Erzerum, the fortifications of which are of a 
merely Asiatic character and not capable of 
serious resistance. 
The key to the theatre of war, in Asia, and on 
either side of the hills, then, is Baturi, and con-
sidering this, as well as its commercial import-
ance, we need not wonder at the efforts the Czar 
has always been making to get hold of it. And 
Batun is the key to the theatre of war, nay, of 
all Turkey in Asia, because it commands the only 
passable road from the coast to the interior—a 
road which turns all the Turkish positions in ad-
vance of Erzerum. And whichever of the two 
fleets in the Black Sea drives the other back 
into its harbors, that fleet commands Batun. 
The Russians are perfectly aware of the import-
ance of this post. They have sent, by land and 
by water, reinforcements to the Transcaucasian 
coast. A short time ago it might have been be-
lieved that the Turks, if weaker in Europe en-
joyed a decided superiority in Asia. Abdi Pasha, 
who commands the Asiatic army, was said to have 
collected 60,000 or 80,000, nay 120,000 men, 
and swarms of Bedouins, Kurds and other war-
like irregulars were reported to flock daily to 
his standard. Arms and ammunitions were said 
to be in store for the Caucasian insurgents, and 
as soon as war was declared, an advance was to 
be made into the very heart of these centres of 
resistances to Russia. It may, however, be as 
well to observe that Abdi Pasha cannot possibly 
have more than about 30,000 regular troops, 
and that before the Caucasus is reached, with 
these, and with these alone, he will have to en-
counter the stubborn resistance of Russian bat-
talions. His Bedouins and Kurd:sh horsemen 
may be capital for mountain warfare, for forcing 
the Russians to detach largely and to weaken 
their main body; they may do a great deal of 
damage to the Georgian and colonist villages 
in the Russian territory, and even open some 
sort of an underhand communication with the 
Caucasian mountaineers. But unless Abdi Pa-
sha's regulars are capable of blocking up the 
road from Bateau to Erzerum, and can defeat 
whatever nucleus of an active army the Russians 
may be enabled to bring together, the success of 
the irregulars will be of a very ephemeral nature. 
The support of a regular army is now-a-days 
necessary to the progress of all insurrectionary 
or irregular warfare against a powerful regular 
army. The position of the Turks on this fron-
tier would be similar to that of Wellington in 
Spain, and it remains to be seen whether Abdi 
Pasha will know to husband his resources as well 
as the British general did, against an enemy 
decidedly his superior in general warfare and 
the means of carrying it on. In 1829 the Rus-
sian forces in Asia, amounted, before Erzerum, 
to 18,000 men only, and considering the improve-
ments that have since then taken place in the 
Turkish army, (although that of Asia has least 
participated in them,) we should say the Russians 
would have a fair chance of success if' they could 
unite 30,000 men in a body before the same place 
now. 
Whether they will be able to do so or not, who 
cnn decide at the present time, when there is even 
less of real facts known, and more idle rumors 
spread as to the Russian army in Asia, than as 
to that in Europe? The Caucasian army is 
officially computed at 200,000 men, as its full 
complement; 21,000 Cossacks of the Black Sea 
have been marching toward the Turkish frontier; 
several divisions are said to have embarked from 
Odessa for Redut Kalch, on the South Cau-
casian coast. But everybody knows that the 
Caucasian army does not count half its official 
complement, that the reinforcement sent beyond 
the Caucasus cannot, front obvious causes, have 
the strength reported by Russian papers, and 
the conflicting evidence we receive, we are abso-
lutely at a loss to make anything like air estimate 
of the Russian forces on the Asiatic frontier 
shalt cause it to be confirmed in the possession 
of the aforesaid subjects, and thou shalt be care-
ful that the high provisions thereof be always 
carried into due execution. Thus be it known 
unto thee, giving full credence to the Imperial 
signet, Done in the second decade of the sacred 
month of Mohareem, in the year of the Hegira 
1264, at Constantinople the well-guarded." 
(Sultan's Signature.) 
The Sandwich Islands. 
THE mission to these islands was commenced 
in 1820. God prepared the way for it by one 
of the strangest revolutions that ever occurred. 
The national idols had been destroyed, the terns 
ples burned, and the priesthood, taboos, and hu-
man sacrifices abolished. This, however, had 
been brought about only through the desire of 
the dissolute young ruler to enlarge the range of 
his sensual pleasures. It created no desire for 
the gospel; no welcome to the mission. The 
moral, intellectual and social desolation was none 
the less profound than before. Society was all 
in ruins, and so was every individual. Even the 
language was unwritten. The nation was com-
posed
' of thieves, drunkards, and debauchees. 
The land was owned by the king and chiefs, and 
property, life, everything was in their hands. 
Society could not exist at a much lower point 
than that at which the missionaries began their 
work. 
That people has now become a Christian na-
tion, not civilized, in the strict sense of that term ; 
for a nation may be Christian, while its intellect 
is but partially developed, and its municipal and 
civil institutions are in their infancy. All the 
religion they now have claims the Christian 
name. A fourth part of the population are mem-
bers in regular standing of Protestant churches. 
Not less than sixteen hundred new members were 
added to these churches the past year. In the 
same period $24,000 were contributed to these 
churches for the support and propagation of the 
gospel. The language is reduced to writing, and 
read by nearly a third part of the people. The 
schools contain the great body of children and 
youth. The annual outlay for education, chiefly 
by the government, exceeds $50,000. Nearly 
two hundred millions of pages have been issued 
from the press, in various works, making quite a 
respectable library, pre-eminent in which stands 
the Bible. The first article of the constitution, 
promulgated by the king and chiefs in 1840, 
declares that " all the laws of the Islands shall 
be in consistency with God's law." The laws 
and administration of the government, since that 
time, have been as consistent with this profession, 
to say the least, as those of any other Christian 
government. Air. Lee, the Chief Justice of the 
Islands,in his report to the government the pres-
ent year, says a " In no part of the world are 
life and property more safe than in these islands. 
Murders, robberies, and the higher class of fel-
onies are quite unknown here, and in city and 
country we retire to our sleep conscious of the 
most entire security. The stranger may travel 
from one end of the group to the other, over 
mountains and through woods, sleeping in grass 
huts, unarmed, alone and unprotected, with any 
amount of treasure on his person, and with a 
tithe of the vigilance required in older and more 
civilized countries, go unrobbed of a penny, and 
unharmed in a hair. Where does the world 
afford a parallel of equal security ?" 
For this intellectual, moral, religious and 
social creation of the Hawaiian nation, the board 
has expended $817,383, the Bible Society $41,-
500, and the Tract Society $23,800 ; a total of 
882,683, which is less than it costs to build a 
line-of-battle ship and keep it in service a year. 
The Late Storm in Connecticut. 
FROM the _New Haven Courier of Tuesday we 
derive additional particulars of damage by the 
great storm and freshet of Sunday : 
" During Sunday afternoon, the water in both 
the Housatonic and Naugatuck rose rapidly, and 
before night came on, small buildings were floated 
down the Housatonic River, among which was a 
hat shop, from which some twenty hats were 
taken at this place, by approaching it with a 
boat. The river was filled with floating timber, 
broken bridges, &c. Downes Bridge, crossing 
the Housatonic River some seven miles above 
this place, and Zoar Bridge, about one mile 
further up, are both gone. 
" There has also passed a covered bridge, 
which undoubtedly is Bennett's Bridge, some 
fourteen miles above this place. Whether any 
bridges above that are gone, we are not able to 
say, though it is quite probable, for the hat shop 
named must have come from as far up as Babit's 
Bridge, some twenty-four or twenty-five miles 
above here. The extent of the damage up the 
Housatonic is not known, as no messenger has 
come from above Zoar Bridge. Upon the Nau-
gatuck the loss and destruction of life and prop-
erty we fear is great. The new bridge at Bea- 
con Dam, a few miles below Naugatuck, Pine's 
Bridge, still lower down the stream, the Rail-
road Bridge at Seymour. the new bridge at An-
sonia, and the Old Bridge at Derby, are all 
gone ; and with the bridge at Amnia 'several 
lives are lost. The bridge at Ansonia on the 
west side of the river, abutted into high ground, 
and all on that side, were safe, while through 
the village of Ansonia, and between the houses 
and the east end of the bridge, the water was 
running rapidly and at a great depth. 
" People were crossing from the western shore 
on the bridge to the eastern end to see the rise 
of water around the houses in Ansonia; some 
had gained the eastern abutment and others were 
crossing, when suddenly the centre pier gave 
way, the bridge broke and fell, and those on it 
were thrown into the stream, and all must have 
perished ; several caught upon the bushes that 
stand upon the eastern shore of the river proper, 
a distance of forty rods below where the bridge 
stood, and there shrieked for help. It was some 
time before they were discovered, but there was 
no boat there to aid them, and the probabilities 
were that no boat in this vicinity could live to 
reach them. 
" On some citizens driving there and ascer-
taining the state of affairs, they immediately ran 
their horses for Birmingham, where a boat was 
instaittly loaded and horses driven at the top of 
their speed to the scene, a distance of some two 
miles. During all this time their shrieks for 
help were heart-rending. The boat was imme-
diately manned, and four brave fellows, at the 
imminent risk of their lives, pushed into the 
maddened stream, among floating trees, bridges, 
and timber. All was excitement as we watched 
the light in the boat darting down the stream 
like an arrow, and for a moment it seemed that 
they too must be lost. Soon we saw they had 
crossed the current, and then the air was rent 
with shouts of joy, for we thought, at least, the 
boatmen were safe, and they would yet rescue 
the drowning. They landed at the eastern abut-
ment, and found some ten or fifteen persons there 
hemmed in by a flood of water and the heavy 
walls of the abutment every few moments fall-
ing. As soon as the water could be cleared 
from the boat, they again started fur the relief 
of those that were clinging to the bushes, but 
before they could reach the place, tired nature 
had yielded, or they had been swept front their 
grasp by floating timber, and were no more. For 
some two hours and a half' they had shrieked for 
help, and none could save them, although they 
were not ten rods from us. 
" There were four supposed to be upon the 
bridge, and there may have been more; it is im-
possible to tell who is gone, as there is no com-
munication between the two shores of the river. 
Georgiana Bartholomew, a young lady of 18 
years, is known to be one, and her shriek and 
wail for help was heart-rending, and there stood 
her poor mother listening to each appeal, but 
powerless to help. Mrs. Bartholomew gave me 
the names of Charles Victory, John Allen, about 
19 years of age, and Andrew Finch, a boy aged 
about 13 years, boarders in her family, who 
were with her daughter on the bridge, and um-
doubtedly are drowned. Those who witnessed 
the awful scenes of last night at this place, can 
picture to their minds the frightful and heart-
rending scene at Niagara. Oh, that I may never 
again hear such an appeal for help without power 
to render assistance. 
" It is said that the damage to the factories 
in Birmingham is very great. Some of them 
will probably have to suspend operations for 
months." 
Mont Blanc. 
A FOREIGN correspondent of the Christian In-
telligencer writes thus from the vale of Chamouni 
respecting this " monarch of mountains :" 
Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Europe. 
It is nearly sixteen thousand feet in elevation 
above the level of the sea, and more than eleven 
thousand five hundred above the valley of Cha-
mouni. lts view from the vale is scarcely sur-
passed in grandeur. Other summits—as of the 
Andes—may be of much greater absolute height, 
but themselves rising from lofty table lands or 
very elevated districts, their relative elevation to 
the spectator is diminished and rendered inferior. 
The top of Mont Blanc is rounded, not abrupt 
or rugged, but smoothly covered with snow com-
pacted into an icy mass, and so kept from being 
blown off by the fierce tempests which here so 
often rage. It presents this view not only to the 
distant spectator, but also to the actual observer. 
The ascent even to this throne of the frost king's 
perpetual and unquestioned dominion, has been 
in a number of instances successfully attempted. 
One of our company expressed an ardent desire 
to undertake it, and declared, if he ever again 
visited Chamouni, he would accomplish it whe-
ther or no. It is a work, however, which in-
volves great labor, as well as not a little expense 
and danger; and, what is thought to be a matter 
of peculiar moment to our calculating people—
yet I doubt if we are worse than our neighbors 
380 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
 AM. 
 
—I am afraid when performed, does not, except 
as a matter of scientific curiosity, pay for the 
outlay. Two or three days must be spent, the 
services of numerous guides secured, preparations 
made requiring a total expence of some hundreds 
of dollars, and life and limb put in peril—for 
both have been lost in this endeavor. After all, 
a sudden storm may drive back the party, and 
disappoint the enterprise, The elder Balmat, 
whom I have spoken of as a relative of our guide, 
was the first who discovered a practicable path 
to the summit, but in a subsequent ascent he per-
ished. Scientific men have there found the tem-
perature as was to be expected, very low,,and the 
air so much rarified that the vibrations of the 
report of a pistol ceased at once, and its sound 
was as feeble as the strong crack of a whip—
probably decidedly weaker than the sonorous 
snaps of our Erench diligence conducteur. 
The Aiguilles—of which I think eight range 
along in this view—are quite different in forma-
tion from Mont Blanc. They are tall, keen 
bladed pinnacles of naked rock, cutting with a 
singular sharpness against the sky, and attaining 
elevations of from five or six to nine or ten thou-
sand feet above the valley. No snow cleaves to 
their pointed summits, and no vegetation clothes 
their barren sides. They rise in their stern and 
solitary grandeur—mighty indices of the great 
dial plate of time, around which the sun by day, 
and the moon and stars by night, mark the hours, 
the days, and the years of the earth's revolution. 
4,1Ely :Abuent *ralb. 
BOSTON, NOVEMBER 26, 1853, 
TOO readers of the Herald are most earnestly besought to give it 
room in their prayers ; that by means alit God may be honored and 
his truth advanced ; also, that it may be conducted in faith and 
love, with sobriety of judgment and discernment of the truth, in 
nothing carried away into error, or hasty speech, or sharp, unbroth-
erly disputation. 
THE PROPHECY OF ISAIAH. 
CHAPTER X,XVIII. 
FRO?4 the time that it goeth forth it shall take you 
For morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night : 
Aid it shall be a vexation only to understand the report.—v. 19. 
" Goeth forth " and " shall take you " are meta-
phors, illustrative of the effects of the judgments 
of God, immediately upon God's setting them in 
progress. There would be no delay or hindrance 
in their execution from the very commencement of 
their infliction. As a huge animal going forth to 
seize its victims, so would these judgments fall 
upon the wicked. 
" Morning by morning," and " by day and 
night," express the continuance of God's judg-
ments. They were to he uninterrupted. 
The last clause of the text reads, according to 
the margin, " It shall be a vexation when he shall 
make you to understand doctrine." Bishop Lowth 
reads it : " And even the report alone shall cause 
terror." How fearful then its infliction ! 
For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it : 
And the covering narrower than that he unwrap himself in it —v. 20. 
This is a substitution for the insufficiency of 
their provision for comfort and security. The false 
theories in which they so confidently reposed, 
would prove in that day like a bed too short to 
lay upon, and like a covering too narrow to wrap 
the body in—leaving them without anything to 
rest upon or to cover themselves with, and exposed 
to the full measure of God's indignation. 
For the Lord shall rise up as in mount Perazim, 
He shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, 
That he may do his work, his strange work ; 
And bring to pass his act, his strange act.—v. 21. 
" Mount Perazim " was where David smote the 
Philistines, when they came against him, and he 
inquired of the Lord, 1 Chron. 14:10-12—" And 
the Lord said unto him, Go up ; for I will deliver 
them into thine hand. So they came up to Baal-
perazirn ; and David smote them there. Then Da-
vid said, God bath broken in upon mine enemies 
by mine hand like the breaking forth of waters : 
therefore they called the name of that place Baal-
perazitn. And when they had left their gods there, 
David gave a commandment, and they were burned 
with fire." 
" The valley of Gibeon " was the place of ano-
ther slaughter of the Philistines, soon after the 
former. 1 Chron. 14:13-16--" And the Philistines 
yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. 
Therefore David inquired again of God : and God 
said unto him, Go not up after them ; turn away 
U
roin them, and come upon them over against time 
mulberry-trees. And it shall be, when thou shalt 
hear a sound going in the tops of the mulberry-
trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle : for God 
is gone forth before thee, to smite the host of the 
Philistines. David therefore did as God com-
manded him. : and they smote the host of the 
Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer." Or ref-
erence may be made to Joshua 10:10, 11, when 
" the Lord discomfited " the Amalekites "before 
Israel, and slew them with a great slaughter at 
Gibeon, and chased them along the way that goeth 
up to Beth-horon, and smote them to Azekah, and 
unto Makkedah. And it came to pass as they fled 
from before Israel, and were in the going down to 
Beth-boron, that the Lord cast down great stones 
from heaven upon them unto Azekah, and they 
died : they were more which died with hailstones 
than they whom the children of Israel slew with 
the sword." 
The reference to those scenes of slaughter, are 
similes illustrative of the salvation of God's peo-
ple and the destruction of his enemies. To " rise 
up " is a substitution for God's beginning in earn-
est to accomplish their destruction. 
Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong 
For I have heard from the Lord God of hosts a consumption, even 
determined upon the whole earth.—v. 22. 
While threatening judgments, God urges them 
to repentance. " Lest your bands he made strong," 
is a substitution for their becoming hopelessly in-
volved in time consequences which must follow a 
perseverance in rebellion to God. Said the Sa-
viour, Matt. 13:30 —" In time time of harvest I 
will say to the reapers, Gather ye together first 
the tares, and bind them in bundles to burn them : 
but gather the wheat into my barn." 
The " consumption," determined on the whole 
earth, is from tile same Hebrew word 7i7n (hah-
lah,) which is rendered " the consummation " in 
Dan. 9:27 ; and " a full end," " an utter end," 
&c., in Jer. 30:11; 46:28; Neh. 1:8, 9, and in 
other texts. As this is " determined upon the 
whole earth," " the strange work " referred to in 
v. 21, which God will bring to pass, is the destruc-
tion that will be poured out on the wicked at the 
second advent ; and it is in view of that, that they 
are exhorted not to be mockers. 
Give ye ear, and hear my voice ; hearken, and hear my speech. 
Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? 
Doth he open and break the clods of his ground ? 
When he bath made plain the face thereof, 
Doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, 
And cast in the principal wheat 
And the appointed barley and the rye in their place? 
For his God cloth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him. 
For the fitches are riot threshed with a threshing instrument, 
Neither is a cart-wheel turned about upon the cummin ; 
But the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. 
Bread con: is bruised ; because he will not ever be threshing it, 
Nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horse- 
men. 
This also cometh forth from the Lord of hosts, 
Which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working.—vs. 23-29. 
To " give ear " is to assume the attitude of at-
tention, which is a substitution for attention itself, 
which they are required to give to the words of Je-
hovah. The Lord then condescends to reason with 
them, and to instruct them from the labors of the 
husbandman, who has his set times for ploughing 
and sowing his seed, and who harvests each sepa-
rate kind in a manner adapted to it. 
The 24th verse, William Lowth says, and Bishop 
Lowth and Mr. Barnes give a similar translation, 
may better be rendered " Doth the ploughman 
plough every day to sow Doth he [every day] 
open and break the clods of his ground I" There 
is a time for ploughing, and one for sowing—
sowing each kind of seed in its separate place ; 
and then in harvest, each kind of seed is separated 
in a manner best adapted to the nature of the 
grain. By this illustration we may learn that God 
threatens, corrects, spares, shows mercy, or exe-
cutes vengeance according as the season or occa-
sion requires ; and that as all the labors of the hus-
bandman are directed to the result of the harvest, 
so all the previous workings of God, are in view 
of the consummation—the consumption determined 
on the whole earth. 
The figures in these texts, besides the substitu-
tion in the words " give ear," are the synecdoche 
in the use of " ploughman,"—one being put for 
the class ; and the metaphors, in calling the sur-
face of the earth its " face," and in the phrase 
" cometh forth," used to illustrate the origin of 
the knowledge which the husbandman possesses. 
CHAPTER XXIX. 
Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt ! 
Add ye year to year ; let them kill sacrifices. 
Yet I will distress Arid, and there shall be heaviness and sorrow: 
And it shall be unto me as Ariel.—vs. 1, 2. 
The marginal reading is, " 0 Ari-El. i. e., the 
Lion of God." Its being called " the city where 
David dwelt," makes its application to Jerusalem 
unquestionable ; but the reason of its application 
may not he clear, and has caused much specula-
tion. 
They are told, ironically, to add year to year, 
and to kill sacrifices ; yet that it should avail them 
nothing : the city, Ariel, should he distressed, and 
should he as Ari-El. This last " Ari-El," to which 
the future condition of the city, by a simile, is 
likened, is different from the city which is com-
pared to it. It probably refers to the altar of 
burnt offerings, which in Ezek. 43:15, is called in 
t'r.e margin Ari-El. As the altar was surrounded 
with its slain victims, in like manner was Jerusa-
lem to be surrounded. 
And I will camp against thee round, about, and will lay siege against 
thee with a mount, 
And I will raise forts against thee.—v. 3. 
What God here says he will do, is put by sub-
stitution for the acts of his providence which should 
cause those results. The particular siege of the 
city, of which this is a prediction, is not desig-
nated, unless the destruction predicted of the be-
siegers in v. 5, makes it applicable to the army of 
Sennacherib. There is reason however to believe 
that he did not progress so far as to raise forts 
against the city ; for the Lord said of the Assy-
rian, (Isa. 38:33,) " He shall not come into the city, 
nor shoot an arrow there, nor come before it with 
shields, nor cast a bank against it." 
And thou shalt he brought down, 
And shalt Speak out of the ground, and thy speech shall be low out 
of the dust, 
And thy voice shall be, as of one that hath a familiar spirit, out of 
the ground, 
And thy speech shall whisper out of the dust.—v. 4. 
To " be brought down," applied to the city, is a 
metaphor expressive of its humiliation. To "speak 
out of tile ground," and " low out of the dust," 
are repetitions of the same figure, which represent 
the city as having died, and as speaking in a lan-
guage attributed to departed spirits. Bishop Lowth 
says : 
" That the souls of the dead uttered a feeble 
stridulous sound, very different from the natural 
human voice, was a popular notion among the 
heathens as well as among the Jews. This appears 
from several passages of their poets—Homer, Vir-
gil, Horace. The pretenders to the art of necro-
mancy [i. e., of talking with the dead,] who were 
chiefly women, had an art of speaking with a 
feigned voice, so as to deceive those who applied 
to them, by making them believe that it was the 
voice of a ghost. They had a way of uttering 
sounds, as if they were formed, not by the organs 
of speech, but deep in the chest or in the belly ; 
and were thence called ventriloqui : they could 
make the voice seem to come from beneath the 
ground, from a distant part, in another direction, 
and not from themselves, the better to impose upon 
those who consulted them." 
These figures therefore illustrate the condition 
of the city subsequent to its having been taken by 
the enemy, when it shall become, as it were, a 
dead city. 
The same thing is again brought to view in the 
text by the use of a simile, in which its voice is 
likened to ono that bath a familiar spirit out of 
the ground ; and by a subsequent metaphor,—in 
which it is affirmed that its speech " shall whisper 
[or, as it is in the margin, shall peep or chirp,'] 
out of the dust." alluding to the gentle whisper-
ings ascribed to departed spirits, the small, low, 
shrill voice which they were supposed to use, and 
which those who claimed the power of conversing 
with them, probably counterfeited—the destruc-
tion of the city is also illustrated. 
Moreover the multitude of thy strangers shall be like small dust, 
And the multitude of the terrible ones shall be as clialf that passeth 
away 
Yea, it shall be at an instant suddenly.—v. 5. 
The prediction in this text is evidently directed 
against the army of Sennacherib, and its fulfilment 
must therefore be anterior to that in v. 4. The 
idea, then is, that while Jerusalem should ulti-
mately he thus brought low, before that time 
should arrive it should receive sufficient evidence 
of God's sovereignty to lead it to repentance, if 
such a thing were possible. 
" Strangers " are foreigners ; and " the multi-
tude of thy strangers," is generally understood to 
refer to the men from various countries that Sen-
nacherib sent against Jerusalem ; who are also 
called " the multitude of the terrible ones." 
By similes, the condition to which these invaders 
should be reduced, is likened to " small dust," and 
" chaff ;" and the resemblance consists in their 
" passing away," which should " be at an instant, 
suddenly." As the wind suddenly causes chaff and 
small dust to disappear before it, so in a single night 
the angel of the Lord slew 185,000 of Sennache-
rib's army. (Isa. 37:36.) 
Thou shalt be visited of the Lord of hosts with thunder, and with 
earthquake, and great noise, 
With storm and tempest, and the flame of devouring fire.—v. 6. 
Bishop Lowth renders this " There shall be a 
visitation," &c. ; and Wm. Lowth says that some 
render it, " It shall be visited "—applying it to 
the Assyrians. Mr. Barnes understands the apos-
trophe as addressed directly to the Assyrians—
such transitions being not uncommon in Isaiah. 
Jerusalem, the context requires that the visitation 
predicted, should be understood to be for their pro-
tection, and for tile destruction of the enemy. All 
these agencies are very likely to have been called 
into requisition in tile destruction of Sennacherib's 
army by the angel of the Lord. (See note on Isa. 
30:30, 31.) 
MYSTERIOUS MANIFESTATIONS. 
 _ZrZCIMSORZSOIRMENReEX.'"10
6P 
rffiC43.21=MMIRSX4 
 
If the address is to be understood as directed to light clouded by the shadows of death,'—a gloom 
" SPIRIT WORKS ; Real but not Miraculous : A 
Lecture read at the City Hall in Roxbury, Mass., on 
the evening of Sept. 21st, 1853, by Allen Putnam.. 
Boston.: Bela Marsh, No. 25 Cornhill. 1853..". 
This is an octavo pamphlet of 62 pages, on a 
subject, in which we take no interest, except in its 
theological tendencies. 
The writer of this was formerly a Unitarian cler-
gyman at Augusta, Me., and a graduate at Cam-
bridge, but now engaged in mercantile pursuits in 
Roxbury. The lecture is principally a narration 
of his own experience during the last year,. with 
mediums ; a.nd a perusal of it has not lessened our 
convictions respecting the nature and magnitude 
of the evil which the Church has to grapple with. 
A little investigation will enable the intelligent 
Christianto perceive that the place assigned to, by 
those who suppose they communicate with the de-
parted, elevate those from whom they suppose the 
responses come, to a position not dissimilar to that 
occupied by the divinities of Greece and Rome in 
the minds of their worshippers ; and that there is 
the same antagonism between these new teaching 
and tile doctrines of grace, that there was between 
Christianity and the paganism that it displaced. 
These pretended teachers deliberately step in 
between man and God, and seek to attract the eyes 
of mortals to themselves, as the ones who are to ef-
fect wonderful revolutions in the conditions of the 
race. On page 21, a " near relative " of the writer 
is recorded as saying : 
" Joy to the inhabitants of earth, for Jesus of 
Nazareth cometh. We are strewing tile path with 
flowers of faith. 
Be are opening the barred doors 
of the mind ; and, with low murmurs, we bid the 
sons of God welcome tile slain Lamb." 
The sense of this evidently is, that the Jesus of 
Nazareth, who cometh, is constituted of these com-
municating intelligences ; and that they are the 
slain Lamb which they ask the sons of God to wel-
come ; and the coming predicted is only the mental 
and moral illumination which is to be unfolded by 
these pretended denizens of another sphere. 
On page 23, the same relative is made thus to 
speak : 
" Man is weaving a strong chord of Faith. When 
the golden threads shall be twined, arid the chord 
made strong, then, will we lift the veil, and this 
chord of Faith shall hold it up." 
Man and the spirits are the only ones anywhere 
recognized, at the agents in releasing man from 
his thraldom ! Spirits are the dispensers of good ! 
They are to remove the veil from the eyes of mor-
tals, and enable man to gaze with undimmed eye 
on timings invisible ! And yet the lecturer expresses 
the very charitable belief " that not many Chris-
tian congregations would be losers, were our cler-
gymen to exchange pulpits with preachers such as 
these."—p. 24 
On page 32, a spirit of a red man, is represented 
as saying, " Me one that watches over his bones 
buried under your house. Me been in the spirit 
land one thousand and fifty moons "—eighty-one 
years. This spirit affirms himself to be the father 
of Black Hawk. The thought has occurred to us 
whether Black Hawk would be eighty-one if now 
living ; and whether an Indian chief could have 
been buried in Roxbury as late as 1772 ! His 
watching his hones is in accordance with the no-
tions of the ancients, that departed spirits fre-
quented cemeteries, and the places where their 
bones were deposited ; and hence those who had 
apostatized from God, were represented, among 
other things, (Isa. 65:4,) as those " which remain 
among the graves, and lodge in the monuments," 
which they were accustomed to do who sought in-
struction from " other gods." 
This Indian chief is reported on p. 33, as say-
ing, " Me holds now over you all the scythe of 
love ; me will cut down all the weeds of sin in your 
minds, that the blossoms of holiness may grow." 
Thus, then, are those who listen to these familiar 
spirits, encouraged to submit themselves to these 
invisible intelligences ; and, independent of a Sa-
viour and a sanctifier, to expect an entrance into 
the heavenly kingdom to be effected for them by 
spirits. 
These teachers all speak in their own name. They 
claim no commission from a higher Intelligence : 
it is all from 1, and Me. Thus on page 55, B. 
Franklin is recorded as saying : 
"1 suggested to my companions the propriety 
of demonstrating, upon that birth-place of the hu-
man mind, the doctrine of immortality, to the end 
that man's ever searching soul might then no more, 
in its early stages of existence, have its brio-lit 
THE ADVENT HERALD 
381 
of ignorance which we, for want of palpable evi-
dences, had ourselves experienced on the earth." 
" I proposed the opening of a material instrumen-
tality which would be of universal use " . . . " 1 
unravelled the principles of my discovery, and ac- 
cornpanying my numerous associates to a position 
from which we—united in purpose as one strong 
mind—commissioned and directed, by an exercise of 
OUR VOLITION, an aromal current to produce vibra-
tions in the house of a gentleman of distinction 
and learning in Germany." 
The combination of such influences constitutes 
the god of this newly revived Grecian philosophy ! 
And such enunciations are a substitute for the 
teachings of inspiration 
It is a singular feature in the constitution of the 
human intellect, that men will give credence to 
communications confessedly unreliable For they 
teach, p. 24, that " the canting hypocrite passes 
into the heavens with the same thoughts ;" and a 
communication purporting to come from B. Frank-
lin, in describing an attempt to communicate with 
mortals at Springfield, said, p. 29 : 
" The good angels formed a circle within the line 
of human beings, while the evil or disgraced ones 
formed a circle without. For a while the angels of 
light overpowered the disembodied demons of dark-
ness ; but as soon as one of the angels vacated a 
place, that place was filled by an evil disposed 
spirit, and he, being stronger than the pure and 
holy beings which surrounded him, succeeded in 
banishing us all from the circle." 
Mr. Putnam admits, page 47, that " there are 
liars no doubt both in the flesh and out of it." 
And of the mode by which spirits communicate, 
he says, p. 57 : 
" The use of the instrument is as free to bad spir-
its as to good ones. It has no moral or intellectual 
tastes or preferences. Our wires will as readily 
transfer a message from one villain to his compan-
ion in villany, as they will carry the most affec-
tionate sentiment from one devout man to another ; 
so will the aromal electricity which spirits have 
learned to curb and guide, be the servant of any 
spirit whatsoever, who confbrins his processes to the 
proper natural laws." 
And these spirits] are, as Mr. P. admits, p. 17, 
" the serious and the trifling—the grave and the 
gay—the wise and the foolish—the affectionate and 
the unfeeling—the devout and the irreverent "—
" A little progressed from where we stand, is their 
avowed position." 
Thus, on their own hypothesis, evil spirits may 
communicate as well as good ; and how shall we 
distinguish the one from the other ! Mr. P. says, 
p. 17 : 
" One will receive that which harmonizes with 
his own mental and moral tastes—or with the 
tastes of the medium—or with the general tastes 
of the company present. Good spirits seem to 
cluster around good men, and bad ones seek their 
like." 
With this distinction, who would be disposed 
so to reflect on his own goodness, as to imagine 
that evil spirits would be attracted by himself ! 
And yet what should hinder those " liars " in the 
other world,—which he teaches can communicate 
as readily with mortals as the truthful, from so ac-
commodating themselves to the " mental and moral 
tastes " of those they would mislead, as to win 
their confidence, and thus to be received as the im-
personation of good spirits! 
To illustrate : The writer of this letter, we have 
never, to our knowledge, seen. Judging from the 
autobiography which he gives of himself, and the 
general style and matter of his lecture, we suppose 
him to be not far from fifty years of age—one 
whose hopes of salvation rest more on his own 
moral uprightness than on the cross of Christ—
whose views of immortality have been somewhat 
shadowy and doubtful *—who is fond of the grave 
as well as of the gay—is possessed of strong feel-
ings of friendship and affection—is on most satis-
factory terms with himself—delights in a pointed 
witticism—loves to philosophize, and speculate—
and is interested in anything which would throw 
light on the past, particularly if in connection with 
his own family. How then would familiar spirits, 
seeking an influence over him, be likely to approach 
him ? When he first approaches the medium—
with no belief in spiritual responses—when he in-
quires, " Have 1 a spirit friend here ?" he thinks 
of his grandparents, brothers, sisters, and wives, 
who have gone before. Would not spirits such as 
he describes, reasoning on his own hypothesis, be 
able to divine from whom a response would be 
most welcome ! He takes the alphabet, and the 
name of a former beloved companion is spelled out. 
What more adroit method could be imagined for 
the winning of his confidence than by the ties of 
affection? and there would be no difficulty, as we 
have seen, in personating the spirit of a beloved 
wife. Soon, what purports to be his ancestor, who 
settled in Salem in 1634, communicates the early 
On PP. 61, 62, he speaks of "That wide-spread half faith in 
immortality, which but just keeps half the members of the Chris-
tian community from denial, and goes no farther than that," which 
by these teachings, " is receiving new vitality and vigor, and grow-
ing up to the stature and power of undoubting trust." 
Ihistory of the Putnam family—goes back to the 
first settlers in their cabins, and designates the 
spots of ground where they dwelt, and gives their 
names and the names and occupation of ancestors 
in the old country. Facts of that kind, on his own 
hypothesis, might be as easily learned by spirits 
as by men, and the communication of them would 
be no evidence of the identity of the spirit which 
gave them. 
What purport to be other friends, communicate ; 
and the spirits of strangers ; but prominent among 
all, is the pretended spirit of the great Ben. Frank-
lin ! The frequency with which this spirit ap-
pears, in the communications of necromancers, 
would lead one to suppose that it must be some-
what ubiquitous ; for of the five thousand mediums 
claimed to be in the United States, none of them 
seem to find any difficulty in getting responses from 
him at any time ! Communications purporting to 
come from him, pretend to explain the origin and 
nature of the discovery which he claims to have 
made, by which the dead and living converse to-
gether. To such a mind, thus philosophically in-
clined, and with religious tendencies of such a na-
ture, what would be more welcome than such com-
munications from such a source! His mental and 
moral tastes are gratified, and he gives credence to 
the revelations made. 
But, suppose it is shown that these spirits are, 
after all, demons, and that Jehovah has prohibited 
converse with them ;—for he admits, (p. 46,) that 
of the various explanations given by writers who 
reject the manifestations, that " the only power 
named in the works referred to that will equal the 
case is the demoniacal "—what then ! His reply 
is, (same page,) " If the works and words be those 
of demons,* . . . such devils are welcome angels, 
luring and helping the soul on and up to heaven's 
portals." And on p. 24, " If these be the words, 
and thoughts and feelings of demons, let me wel-
come their presence and their influence upon my-
self and those most dear to me !" 
On p. 23, one of his relatives is thus reported : 
Man that for ages bath lain in the dust, arouses 
himself into new action ; he casts off the shackles 
of sectarianism ; and he views God not as a Sa-
tanic Master, but as a loving Father." Those at 
all familiar with the necromanic literature, are 
aware that " sectarianism," in the dialect of these 
spirits, includes a belief in the Bible as the only 
rule of faith ; and that the God of the Bible is the 
Being who is represented by them as a " Satanic 
Master." To such an extent has necromancy 
caused man to apostatize ; he rejects Jehovah, as-
cribing to him cruelty and malice, and submits 
himself to the guidance of spirits who teach ano-
ther gospel than that Paul preached. For they 
teach not the necessity of the regeneration of man's 
fallen nature ; but speak of " the godlike proper-
ties in man's soul." To help the spirits draw 
this out, is their definition of building up Christ's 
kingdom. To have full faith in the presence of 
spirits, is the great sum of their teaching ; and be-
ing welcomed by departed friends, is the great end 
they bring to view as the heaven of the departed. 
No effort is made to impress on the mind reverence 
for God, or the Bible. Their ethics are self-suffi-
cient, and independent of all previous revelations, 
which are set aside as adapted only to a past age. 
And the relative importance attached to the mis-
sion of Christ, and of those, is seen when these are 
appealed to, p. 62, as furnishing " positive demon-
stration of that immortality which," in their dia-
lect, " Christ only proclaimed." Thus He who 
came " to bring life and immortality to light " is 
regarded as merely proclaiming what needs to be 
proved by these manifestations, before those who 
demand such additional evidence, can have more 
than a half faith in an immortal future ! 
It may be thought that we have devoted more at-
tention to this pamphlet than its merits demanded. 
It is not unlikely that we have ; but how shall we 
aid to guard our friends from the wiles of the ad-
versary, unless we first make them aware of the 
nature of the danger they are exposed to, and show 
them the unguarded quarter where the citadel of 
their faith will be attacked ? 
It is said that a large number of the officers of 
the Turkish army are renegade Christians. Among 
the number are Kurschid-Pasha, (quondam Gen. 
Goyon,) Terhad-Pasha, (ex-baron Stein,) Fethi-
Bey, (Col. Colman,) Osman-Bey, (Jaschistzky,) 
&c. Gen. Prim, the Spanish adventurer, is said 
to be about to receive a command in the Turkish 
service. Several of the distinguished Hungarian 
and Polish officers that were residing in Paris, 
have repaired to the scene of action. Klapka is 
reported to have been already placed at the head 
of a corps of the army on the Danube. 
* The name given by the ancients to the spirits of dead men. 
RUSSIA AND TURKEY. 
THE following from the London Times of Nov. 3, 
gives an account of the passage of the Danube by 
Omar Pasha, and the present state of the Eastern 
question : 
" The intelligence from the Danube though suffi-
ciently ominous of evil and danger, is not such as 
to occasion much surprise. The negotiations for 
peace have been rudely interrupted by operations 
of war, and hostilities have now commenced in 
reality. 
" At Constantinople and Vienna affairs had at 
last been drawn into a train favorable to an imme-
diate adjustment, but the Turkish army, as we have 
been more than once compelled to explain, is some-
thing altogether distinct from the Ottoman govern-
ment, and Omar Pasha has put his recent menaces 
into execution without heeding or expecting any 
further communications from the Divan. His sum-
mons to Prince Gortschakoff, delivered on the 9th 
ult., had fixed the 24th for the expiration of the 
preliminary armistice, at which period he declared 
he should cross the Danube and drive the Russians 
from the principalities. In the first, at any rate, 
of these threats, he has been as good as his word. 
He had employed the remaining intervals of 
peace in transporting detachments of his army to 
certain islands in the stream of the Danube, from 
which points they could cross with little further 
obstacle to the bank in the possession of the Rus-
sians. On these islands, as we observed on Tues-
day, his advanced guards were reported to be sta-
tioned, and it now appears that, on the 27th, or, 
in other words, almost immediately on the conclu-
sion of the original armistice, he proceeded to give 
effect to his declared resolutions, by despatching 
his troops across the arm of the river between the 
islands and the Wallachian bank. 
" The operation was executed in front of Wid-
den, a fort situated at the western extremity of the 
Bulgarian frontier, and the Turks seem to have 
lodged themselves in Kalafat, exactly opposite. 
They had made, as it was alleged, preparations of 
similar character at Brailow, but it is not yet re-
ported that they have crossed at this point also. 
There is naturally some variation in the statements 
respecting the number of troops actually carried 
over, but this is of little importance, and, indeed, 
it is obvious that no statement would be likely to 
be accurate for more than a particular moment of 
time. 
" It is known that Omar Pasha had provided 
twenty-four large boats for his purposes, and we 
may safely assume that when the passage had been 
once commenced he would transport the main force 
of his army from the right bank to the left with 
as little delay as possible. A more interesting 
point concerns the opposition offered to the move-
ment. It is not probable that the Russians could 
have been ignorant of the Turkish preparations, 
or of the spots where an attack was likely to be 
made, and although the passage of the river was 
greatly facilitated by the previous occupation of 
the islands, yet the arm of the stream still re-
maining to be crossed was some five hundred or six 
hundred yards in width, leaving ample opportuni-
ties for a formidable resistance. 
" Nevertheless so far as we are at present aware, 
the passage was; effected without opposition, and 
the Russians were only gathering upon the point 
assailed.' Such inaction was probably due to the 
strictly defensive course enjoined upon Prince 
Gortschakoff; but as Omar Pasha will, unless de-
tained by pacific instructions from the Divan, pro-
ceed to attack the Russians outright, longer for-
bearance will be out of the question, and we may 
expect intelligence of a regular battle." 
The London News, commenting on the same 
event, says : 
" It is now apparent that the Turks are in earn-
est. The Russian steamers and other small craft 
which attempt to cross up or down the Danube, are 
fired upon from the Turkish forts. Omar Pasha 
has pushed his troops across the Danube, at a point 
whence he can take the Russian forces in Wal-
lachia, in flank. The Russians, according to the 
most intelligible and credible accounts, extend 
along the river from in front of Bucharest to Kal-
afat, or near it. Their troops at the latter place 
have been called in. 
" If Omar Pasha advances along the river, they 
can at first present but a narrow front to him ; or 
he may strike inland and get in their rear, placing 
them between the detachment of the Turkish army 
which has already crossed, and any detachment 
which may hereafter cross lower down. To obvi- 
ate these disadvantages the entire position of the 
Russian army would require to be altered ; it 
would require to fall back upon Bucharest, at least, 
and present its front to the west instead of the 
south. 
advanced posts have been withdrawn from Kalafat. 
Or they may have evaded a rencontre with a view 
to keep up for some time longer the farce of pre-
tending that they will only act on the defensive and 
in case of necessity.. It is indeed a farce for them 
to speak of the defensive when they have so far 
advanced into the Turkish territory. 'Whatever 
be their schemes, they seem in no hurry to accept 
the defiance thrown in their teeth by the Osmanli. 
In the rencontre at Isaatchi they appear to have 
had the worst, and now they show their backs to 
the enemy at Kalafat." 
Regarding the position of the hostile forces in 
the principalities, it would appear that an encoun-
ter on an extensive scale was imminent. One ac-
count says : 
" It was on the 27th that the head quarters of 
Omar Pasha's army crossed the Danube. On the 
same day, say the accounts, he advanced to Ra-
dowa, about thirty miles on the way to Krajowa, 
the principal town of Lesser Wallachia. Up to 
this point he would be unopposed, as the Russians 
have not occupied that portion of Wallachia. 
"The Gazette des Posies of Frankfort, however, 
publishes a letter from Bucharest announcing the 
departure of Prince Gortschakoff for Krajowa. 
This event had produced a great sensation, and it 
was considered probable that a general engagement 
might take place at Krajowa, which is defended by 
Russian troops from Kalafat. Ten thousand more 
men are expected there, and Sulan regiments with 
artillery. Cossacks are picqueted for the trans-
mission of orders and news." 
The latest reports in regard to the strength of 
the Turkish navy, show that it is very far from in-
significant. It consists of 22 ships and 8 steamers, 
manned with upwards of 11,000 men, and over 
1100 guns. The ships are said to be well found 
both in arms and equipments. There is a reserve 
on shore of 17,000 men to supply vacancies. The 
Egyptian fleet in the Bosphorus numbers 11 ships 
and 1 steamer, carrying upwards of 600 guns, and 
manned by nearly 6000 men. 
TIME OF THE ADVENT. 
(Continued from the "Herald" of Nov. 12th.) 
The ten kingdoms.—The " fourth beast, dreadful 
and terrible ; and strong exceedingly," with its 
great iron teeth,'' and " nails of brass," " de-
vouring," breaking " in pieces " and stamping 
upon " the residue," " is allowed, on all hands, 
to be the Roman Empire." Its chronological place 
in the vision, its terrible attributes, and its marked 
characteristics are unmistakable. • 
This fourth beast " had ten horns," and by the 
angelic interpreter we are taught, that " the ten 
horns out of this kingdom are ten kings (kingdoms) 
that shall arise." 
Even " the Romanists themselves allow," that 
the Roman Empire, " was by means of the incur-
sions of the northern nations, dismembered into 
ten kingdoms." There is, however, a slight dif-
ference in the enumeration of these limited kin,,,,-
doms that arose within the Roman territory, as 
given by eminent chronological and critical histo-
rians. Bishop Newton gives the true reason of 
this trivial disagreement, when he says, " the few 
vriations in these accounts, [referring to the lists 
furnished by Machiaval, Tiede, Bishop Lloyd, Sir 
Isaac Newton,] must be ascribed to the great confu-
sion of the times, one kingdom falling, and another 
rising, and scarce any subsisting for a long time 
together." If the reader will examine these king-
doms as furnished by these learned expositors, he 
will find that their variations are indeed few, con-
sidering the rapid and constant political changes 
of that era in the history of the Roman world, and 
therefore quite satisfactory, infinitely more so, than 
that arranged to accommodate 519, a. n. 
The object these historians had in view was to 
ascertain if possible the original -divisions into 
which the empire was broken, or the time when 
this two-fold division was accomplished, and this 
was acting agreeably to the import and spirit of 
that prophecy, as a moment's candid reflection will 
convince every real inquirer after truth. Let us 
turn our attention to the prophetic imagery again. 
This exceedingly strong, devouring, stamping beast, 
is to be shorn of its herculean strength, and its ter-
rible, irresistible power broken. 
The war-blast of the destroying angels are heard, 
and the savage -Scythian and German hordes sweep 
down over Southern Europe like the desolating 
hail-storm,!spreading everywhere ruin, and fearful 
desolation, changing scenes of peace and plenty, 
suddenly into a desert, and at last Western Rome 
falls before the dreadful inundation, and ten dis-
tinct kingdoms are establishel upon its ruins, and 
the beast has its ten horns. 
This may be the object with which the Russian Now a child may see, that when—just WHEN the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
82 
 
 
 
 
THE ADVEI\ 
 
 
T HERALD. 
 
 
 
 
 
 aessasse-assas 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
0051,2Litt.larlirUMMII 
stern facts respecting another kingdom composing 
that catalogue of " just ten," as said to have 
an existence at the time named. 
Their list is emphatically imperfect ; more than 
doubtful : it is essentially deficient. Ilt is presumed 
that because " the native islanders " at some time 
fled from Briton, and by some means and some-
where " succeeded in maintaining their independ-
ence," therefore they formed a kingdom, and that 
this kingdom existed A. D. 519. It is another 
pure, unauthorized, reckless presumption. In our 
way of looking at this serious matter, it will take 
a host of mere inferences and presumptions to make 
one, good, solid, fixed fact. 
Odoacer, chief of the Iheruli, united under his 
command all the confederate forces of Italy, ter-
minated the imperial dignity of Rome, thus plant-
ing a powerful kingdom in the very heart of the 
Roman Empire : but this kingdom, which, under 
the sounding of the fourth trumpet, smote " the 
third part of the sun," is not worthy of a place 
among the " ten horns," and in its stead, a mis-
erable remnant of frightened, flying fugitives from 
the Angles and Saxons, hiding in the mountains of 
Wales, or seeking protection under the petty chiefs 
of that province, " or emigrating to the opposite 
coast," must be exalted into a horn of the mighty 
fourth beast, in order to furnish a catalogue of 
" just ten " to accommodate the year of our Anno 
Domini, 519 ! 
BEREAN. 
Roman Empire is divided into ten parts, and when unfavorable to the idea that they erected an inde-
ten distinct governments are formed, the prophecy, pendent form of government in Wales, as we shall 
" and it had ten horns," is fully, completely accom- see from history. 
plished, and the ten kingdoms have arisen ! It is In order that the reader may have a clear con- 
then the ten original kingdoms that we are to look nected understanding of this part of the subject, 
for. 
we will first speak of the political state of the prin- 
The most superficial historical reader should be cipality of Wales. 
aware of the fact, that after Western Rome became " From the accounts given by the Roman writers, 
thus divided, a list of ten kingdoms could be fur- it appears that a monarchical form of government 
nished for almost any given year. And so Mr. existed in Wales in the earliest historical times, 
Whiston observes, " that as the number of the The island was divided into several petty sovereign-
kingdoms into which the Roman Empire in Eu- ties, each subject to a separate prince ; but in times 
rope, agreeably to the ancient prophecies, was of emergency and danger, they united under one 
originally divided, A. D. 456, was exactly ten, so leader, similar to a dictator among the Romans." 
it is also very nearly returned again to the same -History of all Nations, v. 2, p. 935. 
condition ; and at present is divided into ten grand " After the Romans withdrew from Britain, the 
or principal kingdoms or states." And thus ten Welsh resumed their ancient form of government, 
could be specified at various times, therefore, be- and the country appears to have been divided into 
cause the full number of kingdoms can be specified six or seven principalities. About the middle of 
as existing in the year 519, is no argument in it- the sixth century, Melgwyn, king of North Wales, 
self that the year 519 is of any greater consequence appears to have made himself supreme over all the 
than many other years in the Roman history, when chieftains of the country. This government con-
ten kingdoms also existed. Although the exist- tinued till the reign of Cadwallader, A. D. 703."-
ence of " just ten kingdoms " is associated with lb. p. 934. 
the existence of " another," still, to many who From this, we learn, that precisely the same form 
have embraced definite time, or have become fa- of government which had existed for ages among 
vorable to it, it is a matter of importance and the Welsh, was continued after the Romans had 
interest, that " just ten " did exist at the time abandoned Wales, and onward till 703, A. D. 
named. Now permit thus much of that sophisti- We will next turn our attention to the assump- 
cal theory to rest very lightly upon the mind, for tion that the " native islanders " of Britain after 
just ten kingdoms can be reckoned up before 519, being driven from their homes by the Angles and 
and since 519, as the most learned have shown to Saxons, formed a kingdom in this province. Early 
have existed prior to that date, and as was pre- in the fifth century, the declining condition of 
sented in 1240, and as the reformers did at the era the Roman Empire made it necessary to abandon 
of the reformation, and as Mr. Whiston did in the province of Britain, and the legions were with-
1706. We name these facts as examples, so that drawn. " The Britains were immediately assailed 
it may be seen that after Rome was once divided, by the Picts and other barbarous nations of the 
the divisions have continued in some form, almost North. . . . In their distress, the inhabitants ap-
without interruption to this day, therefore we re- plied to the Roman General Etius, in Gaul." The 
peat, when we look for the ten horns that arose Romans turned a deaf ear to. their complaints, and 
out of the head of the fourth beast, we must in- being " unable to protect themselves," they invited 
quire for the original kingdoms, as the accomplish- the assistance of the Angles and Saxons, two Ger-
ment of that prophecy, " and the ten horns out of man tribes. They at once gladly embraced the 
this kingdom are ten kings that shall arise ; and opportunity to invade Britain, and 1600 under the 
another shall rise after THEM." Now these origi- command of two brothers, landed upon that island, 
nal kingdoms are discarded in that scheme, be- about A. D. 449. " The Picts and Scots were sub-
cause as the editor of the Herald pointedly said, dued with so little difficulty, that the Saxons soon 
it would be " fatal to their theory." Kingdoms conceived the design of conquering the island for 
that played a prominent part in the Roman drama, themselves. Accordingly, instead of returning 
and clustered around its very head, and struck the home, they invited over fresh hordes of their 
fatal blow that terminated its existence, and that countrymen, and a long war ensued, in which the 
Subverted its ancient political institutions, are Saxons and Angles triumphed over the Britains in 
counted as nothing, in order to make pod the year almost every encounter, and finally drove the mis- 
519, as a starting point for definite time. erable remnant of the nation (the subjects of Elder 
But friends, have you carefully examined the Berick's fifth kingdom) to seek refuge (where ?) 
list of kingdoms furnished for that year? If not, in the mountains of Wales and Cornwall."-Hist. 
I pray you investigate, and you will learn that of all Nations, v. 2, p. 898. 
their statements are rather indefinite after all. The reader will please notice that the long bloody 
Are you aware that in order to make out " just war left but a mere handful, and that this " mis- 
ten," they have been obliged to slip, or smuggle erable remnant " fled in an exceedingly scattered 
into the number an imaginary one I They say, state. As we have seen, S. G. Goodrich says they 
" When we arrive in the history of the world sought " refuge in the mountains of Wales and 
where there are just ten kingdoms and another an . Cornwall." W. C.. Taylor, p. 350, employs the 
swering to the description given in the prophecy same language. Prof. Putz, a German historian, 
on the old Roman territory, this will be the fulfil- in his " Hand-book of Geography and History," 
merit." Then the whole theory depends upon the p. 10, says, " The Britons retired into Wales and 
truthfulness of this proposition. If the perfec- Cornwall, or emigrated to the opposite coast of 
tion of the list, " just ten," is doubtful, then the America." This is the way they " succeeded in 
ultimatum of the argument is doubtful ; if they maintaining their independence." 
have failed in the required ten, then the whole af- Notice second, that these " just ten " must be 
fair is a failure. And, now, we boldly declare found on the old Roman territory, and even if these 
that they have signally failed in their attempts to native islanders erected a kingdom in the moun- 
furnish the "just ten." 
tainous parts of Wales, it was beyond the Roman 
In the list furnished for the Herald the 5th king- dominions, for " the mountainous regions of Wales 
dom is thus specified : " The native islanders were were never conquered by the Romans."-Ihstory 
driven into Wales, where they succeeded in main- of all Nations, v. 2, p. 898. 
taming their independence." How astonishingly Notice third, if the" native islanders "did estab- 
indefinite, for a definite time system of interpreta- lish a kingdom in Wales, it was too late by nearly 
tion. Do they tell us when " the native islanders " a century to be reckoned in the list of " just ten," 
were driven into Wales! or show to be a fact that for both S. G. Goodrich, W. C. Taylor, assert 
when they fled into Wales they established a king- without any qualification, that the war between 
dom ? Or if they did form a kingdom that that the Angles and Saxons and the Britons, lasted " near- 
kingdom existed in 519 1 Not a word ! And will ly a century and a half," which would place the flight 
a mere assertion answer in this vital case? It is of the " native islanders" almost a century beyond 
not only important that they should prove when the time when Elder Berick says a kingdom formed 
this was done, and if such a kingdom had a being by the native islanders, existed in Wales. This 
at the time named, but also what part of Wales point we will make still plainer. He says, " The 
they established that government, for the moan- Angles and Saxons arrived in Britain about A. D. 
tainous portion of that country was never trod by 450." Very well. Now mark that the war be-
Roman soldiers ; never annexed by conquest to the tween the Britons and the Angles and Saxons did 
Roman Empire, therefore, cannot be considered as not commence then, for they were hired by the 
a part of " the old Roman territory." 
Britons to help drive out the Scots and Picts. 
The reader may have received the impression But to give that argument more than its just 
from the description of the previous fourth king- due, elate the commencement of the struggle for 
dom, that " the native islanders " were driven into the territory at their landing upon the British isle, 
Wales at the time " the Angles and Saxons arrived 450 A. D. Now add the length of that war, 150 
in Britain about A. D. 450 ;" but it is not true, for years, and the time when the native islanders 
there were long and bloody conflicts ere the flight were driven into Wales was not far from the year 
took place. It may be said, that their long con- 600 A. D. Now how in the name of common sense 
tentions is only bringing us so much the nearer to can the " native islanders " have a kingdom in 
519, for their entrance to that province. Very Wales in the year 519 A. D., a hundred years 
well, receive all the assistance possible, but the before they left Briton I If needed we will show 
fact that the contention was long and bloody, is a similar looseness of statements, and disregard of 
MR. EDITOR-DEAR SIR :-Having just returned 
from the West, and read your review of my article 
in the Herald of Oct. 22d on the time of the Ad-
vent, I feel called upon to make a few remarks. 
In relation to the article, I wonld say : It was not 
written to provoke .controversy, but through the 
urgent solicitation of brother Edwin Burnham 
and others. 
There are some things in that review I wish to 
notice. And first, in relation to the ten kings ; 
you proceed : " In enumerating these they omit 
the kingdoms of the Huns, the Lombards, and the 
Heruli ; divisions, which have long been recog-
nized by such chronologers, historians and com-
mentators as Dr. Hales, Bishop Newton, * and 
Bishop Lloyd and others, and have substituted for 
them the Britons in Wales, the Gepidm, and the 
Alemanni." 
The ground of complaint in the above seems to 
be this : we have left out some of the kingdoms. 
that were included in the arrangement of Dr. 
Hales, Bishop Newton, and Bishop Lloyd. t 
Well now suppose we have differed from those 
men in relation to the divisions of the Roman em-
pire-what then? Is it contrary to the standards 
of the Church for us thus to differ? And if in 
this, why not in other respects ? And if we carry 
out the principle, then you and every other Ad-
ventist will, in some respects, have to correct their 
theology. I But suppose that we, in the absence 
NOTES BF THE EDITOR. 
* This was an error of ours. In the haste with 
which that article of twenty-four columns was 
written, with the printers at our heels, setting it 
up as fast as we could supply the copy, we have 
been led to wonder that it contains so few errors. 
We designed to have given the words of Mr. Litch, 
" Address to Clergy," p. 63 : " This list of king-
doms, as THE FIRST TEN, is given on the authority of 
MACCHIAVAL, a historian, and Dr. HALES and Bishop 
LLOYD, chrimologers." Not recollecting just where 
to find the expression, and not having time to 
search for it, we ventured a reference to the names 
from memory, and by mistake gave that of Bishop 
Newton instead of Macchiaval. We always intend 
to verify all allusion to authorities by an actual 
reference ; and this slip, will be worth not a little 
in enforcing an adherence to that resolution. 
t Not so. The objection is, that you have omit-
ted two kingdoms, for which we have such au-
thority that they were of " the first ten," and that 
the change, was unaccompanied by evidence to 
warrant it. We were asked to substitute other 
kingdoms for those, without any demonstration of 
error in the conclusions of Macchiaval, Hales, and 
Lloyd. if they erred, it was because of imperfect 
vision, want of acquaintance with facts, or a de-
fect in the principle which governed them in the 
enumeration of the kingdoms. You may have a 
more correct principle, a more profound acquaint-
ance with history, and a more logical discrimina-
tion than they have, and hence arrive at a more 
accurate result; but no one can be censured for 
subjecting the evidence of it to a close inspection, 
before submitting their faith to your judgment. 
I A difference in " Theology " and a difference 
in history, are hardly analogous. Men may differ 
in their opinions, hut should agree in their facts. 
Men may err respecting facts; but in such case it 
is for want of information. Or they may err by 
of what you term " profound research, or a more 
mature judgment and acute logical powers of dis-
crimination," have given a different list,. in part, 
of the ten kingdoms ; others have done so before 
us, among whom are the names of .Mede, Dr. 
Adam Clarke, Calmet, Miller, and others.* 
And to show that great men have not been agreed 
in locating the ten kings, we subjoin the following 
lists. Clarke, in his comments on Dan. 7th, gives 
them thus : -" 1. The Roman Senate. 2. The 
Greeks in Ravenna. 3. The Lombards in Lom-
bardy. 4. The Huns in Hungary. 5. The Ale-
mans in Germany. 6. The Franks in France. 7. 
The Burgundians in Burgundy, 8. The Saracens 
in Africa, and a part of Spain. 9. The Goths in 
other parts of Spain. 10. The Saxons in Britain." t 
Mr. Miller gives the following classification 
" France, Britain, Spain, Portugal, Austria, Na-
ples,Tuscany, Lombardy, Rome, and Ravenna." 
(See Miller's Lee. p. 46.) 
The arrangement as given by Mr. Mede is as fol-
lows :-" 1. The Britons. 2. Saxons in Britain. 
3. The Franks. 4. The Burgundians in France. 
5. Wisigoths in the south of France, and a part of 
Spain. 6. The Sueves and Alans in Gallicia and 
Portugal. 7. The Vandals in Africa. 8. The 
Aleniane in Germany. 9. The Ostrogoths, whom 
the bombards succeeded in Pannonia, and after-
wards in Italy. 10. The Greeks in the residue of 
the empire." 
The above vary from the list you have given. II 
You also convey an erroneous idea in relation to 
the list given by Bishop Newton ; for lie neither 
adopting a false principle in the application of 
facts : such is an error of opinion. If they have 
thus erred, that is the point to grapple with re-
specting them. 
* We protest against this, as a departure from 
the point at issue. When you stated that-" when 
we arrive in the history of the world where there 
are just ten kingdoms,' and another,' answering 
to the description given in the prophecy, on the old 
Roman territory, this will be the fulfilment "-we 
understood you to take the position that the first 
ten kingdoms which arose in that territory and 
were contemporaneous are the ones thus symbol-
ized. That is our position. If you dissent from 
this, please to say so ; hut we hardly think you 
will ; for Daniel affirmed that " three of the first 
horns " were plucked up. That being the case, we 
inquire which were the first ten that arose in that 
empire, and continued till ten were contemporane-
ous. The question in our mind, is not whether 
we shall take the first ten, or some other ten. If 
you join issue there, we are ready for its discussion. 
We were considering which kingdoms were the 
" first ten "-a point that is to be settled by his-
tory and authority. When you say that Mede, 
Clarke, Calmet, Miller and others differ respecting 
the list of the ten, you depart from the point at 
issue, unless you show that they difibr respecting 
the first ten. This will be seen by the first four fol-
lowing notes respecting the several lists. 
t Dr. Clarke says nothing respecting the point 
at issue, viz., whether the kingdoms he enumerates 
were the " first ten," or not. This including the 
" Saracens," who did not invade Africa till the 
seventh century, shows that it was not his object to 
name the first ten. What kingdoms existed in the 
seventh century, is entirely foreign to the question 
at issue ; and therefore does not sustain any differ-
ence between those men on that point. Dr. Clarke 
does not accompany his list with any reasons for 
his designation of the kingdoms named. 
1- Mr. Miller made no allusion whatever to the 
" first ten." He merely copied from E. Irving the 
modern names of the kingdoms, and went into no 
discussion respecting them. This, therefore is for-
eign to the question. 
Mr. Mede's list, you evidently copy from 
" Bishop Newton on the Prophecies," p. 209. lie 
gives ten divisions existing in 456 ; but does not 
profess to be limited to the limits of the Roman 
empire. He goes outside of it and takes the Ale-
manni in Germany. 
II You also mentioned Calmet as one who differed 
respecting the ten kingdoms. Why did you not 
go farther and show that Calmet's difference was 
not respecting the ten kingdoms? He being a 
Catholic, was interested to find the ten kings all 
outside of the Roman empire ; and so enumerates 
ten individual kings in Syria who all lived be-
fore the Christian era, as the ones symbolized 
by the ten horns. As evidence then of a right to 
omit two kingdoms in the list of those given as 
the " first ten," you adduce Mede who goes out-
side of the Roman empire to find one of his ten ; 
Calmet, who gives as a list, ten kings in Syria ; 
Clarke, who gives the divisions existing in the sev-
enth century, and Miller, who gives the modern 
names of the kingdoms. Does such evidence prove 
that they differed respecting the " first ten 1•' 
THE ADVENT HERALD. 
383 
11•1111•01.11RIIIIIMIS, 
 
includes the Heruli, nor precludes the Britons. 
Now, then, whether Bishop Newton has accompa-
nied the list of the ten kings (when he includes 
the Britons) with " sound and cogent reasons," 
judge ye. 
It will be seen that by the list given by Mr. 
Mede, that it differs but very little from that 
given in my article in the Herald, and that differ-
ence is, in a great degree, owing to this fact : Mr. 
Mede gives a list of the barbarian nations in A. D. 
456, and in doing this, he goes outside of the Ro-
man empire, in one instance, to make out the num-
ber ten, while we reckon up the divisions within 
the empire in A. D. 520, which were just ten in 
number..1- 
For
. 
 between 456 and 520 the Visigoths were 
driven out of the greater part of France, and the 
Alans being subdued, it left two in Spain, viz., the 
Suevi and Visigoths. The Ostrogoths, who in 456 
occupied Pannonia, passed subsequently into Italy 
where they maintained a kingdom until overthrown 
by Narsis, A. D. 552 to 554. 
The Alemous passed from Germany across the 
Rhine, and occupied the country north of Italy, 
as a distinct and separate people, as late as A. D. 
553-554.I 
The Alemanni originally dwelt between the Dan-
ube and the Maine,—towards the end of the third 
century they conquered the tithe-land—" they fell 
upon the effeminate Gauls, (who henceforward, 
from terror, called all Germans Alemands.)"—
Subsequently they passed into " the eastern part 
of Switzerland, In Suabia, and down both banks of 
the Rhine, as far as the Lahn and Cologne."—
Kahlsausch Hist. of Germany, pp. 74, 91. 
We learn from Koch, " Hist. of the Rev. in Eu-
rope," that the Suevi who were both neighbors 
and allies, and had " long formed a distinct nation, 
were at length blended with the Alemans ;" and 
that " they invaded those countries known since 
under the names of Alsace, the Palatinate, May-
ence, &c. ; and extended their conquests also over 
a considerable part of Rhetia and Vindelicia."—
pp. 43, 45.§ 
" Clovis took from the Alemanns a PART of their 
territories, of which he formed a distinct province, 
known afterwards by the name of France on the 
Rhine. They retained, however, under their heredi-
tary chiefs, Alsace, with the districts situated be-
yond the Rhine, and bounded on the north by the 
Oos, the Entz, the Necker, the Muhr, the Wernitz 
and the jagst."—Rev. in Europe, v. 2, p. 374,11 
* This reference to Bishop Newton is explained 
in the first note on the preceding page. You 
should however have added that Bishop Newton 
does not profess to select the first ten kingdoms. 
He prefaces his catalogue of the kingdoms with, 
" We would, for reasons which will hereafter ap-
pear to the attentive reader, fix these ten king-
doms at a diffisrent era from any of the foregoing ; 
and let us see how they stood in the eighth cen-
tury."—Dist. Proph. p. 210. Those existing in 
that era have little to do in the question respect-
ing the " first ten." 
And yet, singular as it may seem, the " Ale-
manes," which he has to go outside of the empire 
to find, are the same as your " Alemanni,"—only 
with a different orthography. Mede finds them, 
as you admit, outside of the empire. They made 
no change in their location till they became a sub-
jugated and tributary people, and thereby dis-
qualified from a place in the catalogue of separate 
and independent kingdoms. When you came to 
this point, we can imagine you balancing between 
two positions. You were in this difficulty : to ad-
mit that they were within the kingdom, on your 
classification of the horns, it would require only 
the rising of the Heruli to make " the ten horns 
and another," which would compel you to locate 
the rise of the little horn as early as A. D. 476. 
This would be detrimental to all your chronologi-
cal air castles ; and so you take the other alterna-
tive, admit that- the Alemanes are outside of the 
desired limits, till you get past the rise and fall of 
the Heruli ; and when they are subjugated and 
conquered, you take a small colony of them who 
are existing only as a tributary branch of another 
nation, elevate them to the dignity of a " horn," 
and make it one of your " just ten !" 
1 If the Alemanni crossed the Rhine into the 
Roman territory as late as 553, it follows that pre-
vious to that date they were outside of the pre-
scribed limits, and have no claim on that score to 
be enumerated among the ten, in 520, which you 
have selected as the epoch of their designation. 
§ These historical extracts have reference to their 
position previous to their conquest by Clovis in 
496,—a history which we gave in full in the Herald 
of Oct. 22d. 
II We showed in the Herald of Oct. 22, that in 
496, " The last king of the Alemanni was slain in 
the field, and his people were slaughtered and pur- 
" The Alemanns upon the destruction of the 
Western Empire (476) subdued that part of Ger-
many which ie now known by the name of Alsace 
where they settled."—Ancient Univer. Hist. v. 17, 
p. 299. (See Ash, p. 132.) * 
" The Alemanns who dwelt in the mountains 
deemed the occasion favorable, on the dispossession 
of the Goths (553), for an invasion of Italy. They 
divided into two enormous hordes, commanded by 
Lentharis and Batelinas, the former of whom coast-
ed the Mediterranean, the latter the Adriatic. The 
army under Lentharis was destroyed by pestilence, 
and that under Batelinas was surrounded and cut 
to pieces by Narsis, five men escaping the fate of 
their comrades, A. D. 554."—Hist. of Ger. by Men:: 
zel, pp. 186, 187. 
The above testimony shows that the Alemanni 
were a distinct kingdom or nation down as late as 
A. D. 554. -1- 
You remark in your article, that the successors 
of Theodoric ceded Rhetia,—or in your own lan-
guage, the colony and their country to the grand-
son of Clovis. True, but when was this done 
Not in 496, but in 536. " The possessions of the 
Ostrogoths in Gaul, lying between the Rhine, the 
Alps, and the Mediterranean, were ceded to the 
Franks about 536."—Koch, v. 2, p. 376. I 
Up to the above named date, they were, as you 
remark, under the protection of the Ostrogoths—
when their country was ceded to the Franks ; yet, 
as Koch says, they continued to be governed by 
their own laws,—although tributary until their sig-
nal defeat, mentioned in the above extract from 
Menzel, A. D. 554. 
(To be continued.) 
REPLY TO " REMARKS ON THE 2300 
Y EA RS." 
[THERE being in the following, an expression of 
dissatisfaction at our remarks respecting a former 
article, we shall refrain from any comments on it. 
When there is manifested by any an unwillingness 
to the correction of historical, chronological or 
other inaccuracies, or to be met by arguments 
as terse and pointed as their own, we forbear any 
effort to enlighten them, however wide from the 
mark they may wander.—En.] 
BRO. BLISS :-1. You say " we expected to make 
no comments " on the article I wrote on the 2300 
days. Well, as I made no one responsible for it 
but myself, I did not expect it to be treated as it 
was. 
You say " we learn that it is preached in con-
nection with .Beriek's time." No, not exactly : 
Berick preaches Christ will come in 1854 ; I preach 
that I believe he will come before the summer of 
1856. 
You tell us that the time between the vision 
of the eighth and ninth chapters of Daniel is 16 
years. I have never yet found any vision, or " ap-
pearances," in the ninth chapter of Daniel, unless 
you make Gabriel himself a vision. And certainly 
he needed not to be explained ! Wheat if the visit 
in the ninth chapter was 16 years oiler that in the 
sued till they threw down their arms and yielded 
to the mercy of the conqueror," and that " the 
Gallic territories which were possessed by the 
Alemanni, became the prize of their conqueror ; 
and the haughty nation, invincible., or rebellious, 
to the arms of Rome, acknowledged the sovereignty 
of the Merovingian kings, who graciously permit-
ted them to enjoy their peculiar manners and in-
stitutions under the government of official, and at 
length of hereditary dukes."—Gib. Dec. and Fall, 
pp. 410, 411. " Beyond the Rhine," was east of 
the Rhine. The Alemanni, at this time, were out-
side of the Roman territory, with the exception of 
a strip about 40 miles wide in Alsace on the west 
bank of the Rhine. A power outside of the limits 
of that territory, with a small possession inside, 
would not constitute a kingdom inside, even had 
it been independent. But it was never after this 
an independent state—their officials and hereditary 
dukes, being dependent and tributary till their 
entire extinction. 
This was twenty years before their subjection 
by Clovis in 496. But even then, their seat of 
power being in Germany, with no separate king-
dom established in Alsace, that small fragment of 
their possessions could not be denominated a horn. 
t Not so, anyl more than the Irish rebellion 
proved that previous to that the Irish were an in-
dependent nation. As you go on to admit that at 
this very time they were tributary, their independ-
ence is no longer claimed. The question then is 
narrowed down to the inquiry, whether a con-
quered, subjected, dependent, tributary people, ex-
isting mostly outside of the Roman territory, can 
be reckoned as a kingdom within it ? 
t As the Ostrogoths ceded this country, it was 
theirs to cede; and hence, it was a part of the 
kingdom of the Ostrogoths, and not a separate and 
independent one. 
eighth ? it matters not if it was 40 years. In the 
eighth chapter Gabriel explains the events of the 
vision, but where in the eighth chapter, or any-
where else, except in the ninth, is there any data 
given for the 2300 days ? And what was the use 
of giving the length of the vision without giving 
any data ? After Gabriel had given the explana-
tion of the events of the vision in the eighth chap-
ter, he told Daniel to " shut thou up the vision." 
I conclude Daniel did as he was told to. Thus he 
was left 16 years with only an understanding 
events of time vision, without an understanding of 
the data of it ; in this time, among other timings, 
he read " books." He, at length, set himself to 
fast and pray : while thus engaged Gabriel came 
to him about the time of the evening oblation. 
What did he say'? Ans. " I am now come to give 
thee skill and understanding." Understanding about 
what ? Ans. THE VISION. What vision ! Ans. The 
one in which he had seen him at the beginning 16 
years before. Why should we rend apart what 
God heath joined together ? Some of our brethren 
in New York think you are " throwing away " 
" Father Miller's key " ! ! 
You say Daniel, when he said none under-
stood it, meant none but himself. He does not 
say none but himself. Why infer ? If he did un-
derstand all of it why did Gabriel come for his 
words to make him understand THE VISION He 
had never at this time had but two visions, that 
the Bible speaks of. Well, it could not have been 
the first one, recorded in the seventh chapter, be-
cause that he did understand (see Dan. 7:16), so 
then it must have been the data, of the eighth 
chapter vision. 
You say a man cannot be astonished at what 
he does not understand. A little too fast ! Were 
not Belshazzar's lords astonished at the writing on 
the wall before they understood it! (See Dan. 
5th.) 
You labor to separate the seventy weeks from 
the 2300 days ; how many more " strong points " 
of the " original Advent faith " are yet to be over-
turned ? You did not object, a few days since, at 
the office, that they were connected, but said you 
thought they were 2400 years. Do you still think 
we have yet got to wait 100 years longer? 
You refer to Ezra's prayer to prove that he 
thought the commandment given him was in rela-
tion to the building of Jerusalem. When Ezra 
speaks of the wall given in Jerusalem, at the 
ninth verse of the ninth chapter he is talking about 
the Temple, and says " host given * us a wall in 
Judah and Jerusalem "—in and not around Jeru-
salem. And at this time the wall of the Temple 
was up and finished ! But 13 years after this, in-
spiration tells us the wall of Jerusalem was not 
built ! (See Nehemiah 2d.) 
You object that no commandment went forth 
to Nehemiah ! The angel did not say it should go 
forth to him, but only, " go forth to restore and 
build Jerusalem." In the second chapter of Nehe-
miah we are informed that the king sent letters to 
the governors, on the other side of the river, to as-
sist Nehemiah, and " a letter" to Asaph to pro-
cure timbers fbr Nehemiah to build the wall ! and 
with Nehemiah and the letters he sent an armed 
force. Let us not quibble. Was not a letter from 
the king to an officer of' the realm, (accompanied 
with an armed force,) telling him what to do, a 
" commandment!" 
Your remarks about vision meaning appear-
ances, do not matter in the argument at all. 
In the midst of the week you think means 
middle. Critics tell me as follows :—The word 
mas; mean " middle " or " part," " half-part," 
" during," " in "—within the circle. 
You speak about Messiah being cut off at 
69 weeks. The angel says after, so say I. Not 
3 1-2 after. Brother Bliss says that ! He was 
cut off in or during the first half-part of the week. 
You say A. D. 33 is the latest that any living 
chronologists presume to fix on for the crucifixion. 
That may be, but not the latest that some dead 
ones have fixed on. Would it not have been bet-
ter to have told the whole truth on this point 
Irenaeus reckons Christ over 40 years old when 
he died ; and Irenmus lived almost back to the 
apostolic times. 
Dr. Jarvis reckons him 33 1-2 old. 
The great and learned Calmet reckons him 
35 1-2 old. 
Some of the " Fathers " reckoned him about 
50. 
Read the following from the learned Dr. Clarke's 
comment on John 8:57 :—" ' Thou art not yet fifty 
years old.' Some MSS. read forty. The age of 
our blessed Lord has never been properly deter-
mined. Some of the primitive fathers believed 
* This is the tense of the language, as will be 
seen from the beginning of the prayer, although 
the words are " to give us a wall." 
EDWIN BURNHAM. 
that he was fifty years old when he was crucified' 
but this foundation, which is no other than these 
words of the Jews, is but a very uncertain one. 
Calmet thinks that our Lord was at this time about 
thirty-four years and ten months old ; and that he 
was crucified about the middle of his thirty-sixth 
year : and asserts that the vulgar era is three years 
too late. On the other hand some allow him to 
have been but thirty-one years old; and that his 
ministry had lasted but one year." All this proves 
to me that the demonstration that Christ died at 
33 1-2 years old is a learned and popular notion ! 
and that it is utterly without foundation." 
EDWIN BURNHAM. 
Hartford, Ct., 1853. 
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.KHESESESMEMESECICEECCINEESEM3 
 
..,a1011.141,GM2r•I 
Contents of this No. 
.2111MINE.1111111•111.111 
ADVENT HERALD. 
BOSTON. NOVEMBER 26. 1853. 
TO AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS. 
In writing to this office, let everything of a business nature be 
put on a part of the sheet by itself, or on a separate sheet, so as not 
to be mixed up with other matters. 
Orders for publications should be headed "Order," and the 
names and number of each work wanted should be specified on a 
line devoted to it. This will avoid confusion and mistakes. 
Communications for the Herald should be written with care, in 
a legible hand, carefully punctuated, and healed, "For the Herald." 
The writing should not be crowded, nor the fines be too near to-
gether. When they are thus, they often cannot be read. Before 
being sent, they should be carefully re-read, and all superfluous 
words, tautological remarks, and disconnected and illogical sentences 
omitted. 
- Everything of a private nature should be headed " Private." 
In sending names of new subscribers, or motley for subserip 
tions, let the name and Post-office address (i.e., the town, county. 
and state) he distinctly given. • 
Between the name and the address, a comma (,) should always be 
inserted, that it may be seen what pertains to the name, and what to 
the address. 
Where more than one subscriber is referred to, let the business of 
each one constitute a paragraph by itself. 
Let everything be stated explicitly, and in as few words as will 
give a clear expression of the writer's meaning. 
Icy complying with these directions, we shall he saved much per-
plexity, and not be obliged to read a mass at irrelevant matter to 
learn the wishes of our correspondents. 
Western Tour. 
ELDER 'TIMES will preach as follows : 
Hampton and vicinity, Rockland county, Ill., 
Dec. 1st to the 14th, as brethren L. Edwards and 
Ruggles may appoint. 
Burlington, la., Dec. 5th, 6th, and 7th, as J. S. 
Brandeburg may arrange. 
Bear Creek, Hancock county, Ill., Dec. 8th and 
9th. 
St. Albans, Hancock county, Ill., (conference), 
Dec. 10th and 11th. 
Chili, Dec. 12th, evening, as R. Schellhouse may 
arrange. 
Cooperstown, Brown county, Ill., Dec. 13th and 
14th, evening, as brother Mallery may appoint. 
Perry , Pike county, Ill., evening, Dec. 15th, as 
Mr. Winslow may appoint. 
Springfield,I11., Dec. 17th and 18th. 
" ANALYSIS OF SACRED CHRONOLOGY ; with the 
Elements of Chronology ; and the numbers of the 
Hebrew text vindicated." By S. Bliss. Published 
at this office. 
We find the following unsolicited notice of this 
work, from the pen of a clergyman in Hartford, 
Ct., in the Religious Herald, published in that 
city. The book was prepared for just such an 
emergency as the present, and an extensive circu-
lation of it at this time, would be a help to many 
who for the want of a little chronological informa-
tion are liable to be deceived by false and specious 
pretences. 
" This is a very valuable contribution to our 
list of works to aid in the study of the Scriptures, 
by our former fellow-citizen. No subject is less 
understood, or more necessary to a proper under-
standing of the sacred text, than this of Chronolo-
gy. We commend the work to all ministers, Bible-
Class teachers, and whoever desires to study the 
Bible. Mr. Bliss has here abridged into a small 
compass all the more valuable results of the larger 
'works of Hales, Usher and others. With admira-
ble skill lie has examined, compared, and chosen 
from the great writers upon Scripture Chronology. 
There is moreover, in a small compass a great 
amount of original study. In such a book a man's 
labors are not appreciated. It is a little treatise 
you can get for thirty-seven and a half cents and 
it is worth six months' study—cheap reading' for 
so long a time." 
The New York Evangelist denominated it, " a 
succinct arrangement of Bible history, according 
to the chronology of Dr. Hales, and well adapted 
to give clearness to its incomparable narratives. 
The plan of the work strikes us as ingenious—as 
most assuredly its object is excellent." 
(From the Congregationalist.) 
" The object of this work, is to arrange the 
Chronology of Scripture events, so that the sub-
ject may be easily studied. In the language of 
the preface ' an original feature of this analysis 
is the presenting in full, and in chronological or-
der, the words of inspiration, which have a bear-
ing on the time of the events and predictions 
therein recorded.' The work hears evidence of 
much labor, and may he used with much profit by 
the student of the Bible." 
(From Zion's Herald.) 
" It is a brief but thorough outline of the science 
—defining all its technicalities, and introducing 
the unlearned reader to quite a comprehensive view 
of it." 
(From Lord's Literary and Theological Journal.) 
" This brief epitome of the Chronology of the 
Scriptures, furnishes a large amount of useful in-
formation in respect to the times of the persons 
and occurrences that are mentioned in the Bible." 
JUST PUBLISHED AT THIS OFFICE.—" Memoir of 
Permelia Ann Carter. With a brief account of 
her life, and containing extracts front her Journal 
and Letters, with miscellaneous articles, Edited 
by her Sister. Boston : J. V. climes, No. 8 Char-
don-street. 1853." 
This little work has been for some weeks an-
nounced as in progress and is now ready for deliv-
ery. Price, 33 cents ; postage, 5 ets. 
FOREIGN NEWS. 
Reliable information relative to Eastern affairs 
is scanty. It is however true that the Turks had 
crossed-the Danube in strong force and occupied 
Kalafat. It was rumored, but not authenticated, 
that the RuSsians had attacked and defeated them 
at Kalafat. 
In Circassia, however, and Dacghistan, the 
mountaineers have defeated the Russians and cap-
tured some forts. 
Prince Paskiewitch has been sent out to take the 
command of the Russian army in the princi-
palities. 
It is stated positively that the Austrian Envoy 
has pressed the Sultan to accept a new note which 
the Czar approved of conditionally on its being ac-
cepted pure and simple, by the Sultan. The ef-
forts of diplomacy are now directed to procuring 
the joint assent of the Czar and Sultan to that 
note. Its tenor has not transpired. 
There was a talk of opening a Turkish loan in 
the United States. 
The allied fleets were collecting in the Sea of 
Marmora, having been dispersed by a storm. 
Great inundations had been experienced in the 
south of Ireland, and much damage was done at 
Cork. 
The premises of H. P. Hutchinson & Co., Ameri-
can merchants in London, had been accidentally 
burnt. 
A plot of some kind has been discovered in Tici-
no, Switzerland. 
Much alarm is felt in Naples for fear of a French 
invasion, now that diplomatic relations are at a 
stand-still between the two countries. 
A naturalized American citizen, who had re-
ceived his papers, has been kept in custody at An- 
cona by the Austrian officials, on no charge at -all, 
except liberal opinions. The U. S. Consul had 
done what he could, and was met mostly by pro- 
crastination. The man was eventually released, 
but he was required to sign a declaration that he 
would never revisit Italy. This he refused to do, 
and he is still kept under 'surveillance. It ap-
pears to be a case calling for the prompt interfer-
ence of tire United States government. 
Latest Intelligence.—Fighting had occurred in 
Wallachia, between the Turks and Russians. A 
detachment of Turks attacked the town of Giur-
geoo. A Russian force was despatched to the as-
sistance of the town, when an engagement ensued, 
with considerable slaughter. 
Another encounter took place between 4000 
Turks and a like number of Russian cavalry, be-
tween Kalafat and Sothea, when the Russians were 
forced to fall back. 
The ship Victoria, for New York,. was burnt to 
the water's edge Nov. 4th, a few miles below 
Glasgow. 
Private letters from Vienna state that Austria 
had effected a loan with the, Imperial Bank and 
other large financial establishments at St. Peters-
burgh. 
Freights from Liverpool to the United States 
have been well supported during the week to the 
4th inst. 
The Turkish fleet weighed anchor from the Bos-
phorus on the 25th ult.. for tile Black Sea. 
The rumor of the conference of the continental 
powers at London, on the future prospects of Tur-
key, gains ground. 
No later definite news bas been received from 
the Danube. It is said that Austria now resumes 
her mediation, as she sees that her efforts in favor 
of the termination of the difficulty will not be 
fruitless. 
Other rumors to-day are of a like pacific ten-
dency. 
By mail at Liverpool.—We have no further de-
decided news from the seat of war. 
The latest rumors are of a pacific turn. It has 
again come up that a conference will be held at 
London for the settlement of the future affairs of 
Turkey. 
The Earl of Westmoreland, the British Minis 
ter at the Austrian Court, is said to have received 
an assurance from Constantinople that the repre-
sentatives of the four great powers had succeeded 
in their efforts to bring the Divan to the entertain-
ment of pacific sentiments, and consequently the 
orders sent to Omar Pasha enjoined him not to com-
mence hostilities, the Ambassadors having satis-
fied the Divan that the Czar had promised to make 
no offensive movement whilst waiting the result of 
the effort at Constantinople in favor of peace. 
But what was spoken of on 'Change most, was an 
editorial in the Journal de Frankfort, which evi-
dently proceeded from the Austrian Cabinet, and 
in which it was stated that Austria resumes the 
part of mediator, having fresh and positive assur-
ances from the Cabinet of Russia, that the Empe-
ror has no desire to encroach on the integrity of 
the Ottoman Empire, or to attack in any way the 
sovereign rights of the Sultan. 
Under these circumstance the Austrian cabinet 
again unites with the other cabinets in the endea-
vor to prevent war, because it now sees a reasona-
ble prospect that mediation will not be fruitless, 
As a set-off to this pacific news, we learn that all 
the places in the principalities in the hands of the 
Russians have been placed under martial law, and 
correspondence with the enemy prohibited under 
pain of death. A conflict was deemed inevitable 
in the direction of Kyajowa. 
Omar Pasha had issued the following proclama-
tion, which is well calculated to inspire the fanati-
cism of his troops : 
" Soldiers of the Imperial army ! When firm 
and courageous we shall engage the enemy we will 
not fly, but sacrifice body and soul to be avenged. 
Look to the Koran—on the Koran we have 
sworn. You are Moslems, and I doubt not you 
are ready to sacrifice body and soul for your reli-
gion and your country. But if there be a single 
man among you afraid of war, let him say so, for 
it is dangerous to face the enemy with such men. 
He who is under the feeling of fear, should be em-
ployed in the hospitals, or other occupations; but 
ire who remains with us, and turns his back on the 
enemy, shall be shot. 
" Let the courageous men who long to manifest 
their devotion to their religion and the throne, re-
main. Their hearts are united with God, and if 
faithful to their religion, they will prove them-
selves brave. God will assuredly give them the 
victory. Soldiers, let us purify our hearts, and 
then put confidence in the aid of God. Let us to 
battle, and sacrifice ourselves like our fathers. As 
they bequeathed our country and our religion to 
us, we ought to leave them to our children. You 
are all aware that the great object of this life is to 
serve God and the Sultan worthily, and win heaven. 
Soldiers, may God protect all who have the honor 
to believe and to serve in these principles." 
Additional news.—Vienna, Nov. 4.—The follow 
ing is an official communication from Bucharest. 
Two thousands Turks appeared at Guirgero and 
fired into the town. In the conflict many Russians 
and Turks were killed. The Turks retreated up 
the river. The Russians followed them. 
At Kalafat there are daily skirmishes. 
The Turks respect foreign property under the 
Austrian flag. 
A private telegraphic despatch of Nov. 3d, an-
nounces the defeat of the Turkish corps which had 
passed the Danube near Kalafat. 
A private telegraphic despatch from Constanti-
nople of the .24th Oct., after mentioning the pres-
ence of the fleets at Lempski, says that a party of 
French officers had arrived at Constantinople, and 
that certain British officers had left for Shutnla. 
Vienna, Friday.—The Presse confirms the news 
of the arrival of 7000 troops at Kalafat, of the 
left wing of the Turkish reserve, from Sothen. The 
van-guard, under General Prim, had a serious con-
flict with 2,500 Russian cavalry, between Kalafat 
and Krajowa. The affair lasted two hours, when 
the Russians retreated towards Saltina. 
The Presse states, on the authority of a Constan-
tinople letter, that Reschid Pasha has consented to 
a fresh draft of a note by Lord de Redcliffe, based 
on the Czar's admissions at Olmutz. Reschid Pa-
sha is said to have given his consent after a series 
of stormy conferences. 
THE TURKISH QUESTION.—The news by the Ara-
bia, at New York, may be briefly summed up as 
follows :—Two engagements seem to have taken 
place in Wallachia, between the troops under 
Omar Pasha and the Russians, though neither 
seems to have been of much importance. There 
has also been a severe battle on the frontiers of 
Circassia, in which the hardy mountaineer, Scha-
myl, made a diversion in favor of the Turks. 
With such an ally, the Turks can hardly fail to 
triumph, should a campaign be seriously opened 
in that quarter. In the mean time, it is reported 
that a new project for a settlement of the diffi-
culty has been agreed upon by the combined powers. 
In addition to what has been already stated of the 
new project of arrangement, it is said that the 
Emperor of Russia has declared that his accept-
ance of it was on condition that England and 
France guaranteed its acceptance by the Porte, 
which, it was understood was declined, neither be-
ing disposed to use coercion. He, however, added 
that the present was the last proposition he should 
accept or make, and the King of Prussia said that 
if it was rejected he should withdraw altogether 
from any interference in the matter. 
The new propositions are reported to have been 
accepted by the Divan, and it is added that orders 
have been sent to Omar Pasha, enjoining him not 
to commence hostilities. In the mean time, how-
ever, the blow has been struck, and the campaign 
opened. Omar Pasha is said to have expressed a 
determination to drive the Russians before him 
without a moment's pause, and enter Bucharest 
before the 1st of November, and if he retires now, 
it will he a great and perhaps a fatal blunder. 
MARRIED—In Morrisville. Pa., Nov. 17th, by Eler J. W. DAN-
IELS, Mr. HARDISON BURDEN, of Trenton, N. J., to Miss MARY H. 
LANNiNc, of Morrisville. 
Appointments, &c. 
T. TAvtoa will preach in Burlington, Vt., Nov. 28th, evening ; 
on Caldwell's Manor, Dec. 3d, and Sundry, 4th, as brother Webb 
may appoint ; near brother Robinscri's, in Odletown, 6th ; will 
commence a meeting at West Randolph, Vt., Saturday evening, 
Dec. 10th, and hold it four or five days, if practicable ; at Water-
bury, Suuday, 18th. 
N. Thwarts will preach in Calais and vicinity Nov. 29th, 30th, and 
Dec. 1st, as Elder Davis may arrange ; Waterbury, Sabbath, 4th ; 
Burlington, 6th ; Middlebury, 7th and 8th, as brother Hurd may 
arrange—will brother II. call for me at the depot morning train 
from Burlington ; Low Hampton, N. Y., Sabbath, 11th. Week-
day meetings at 7 P. N. 
EDWIN BURNHAM will hold a conference in North Haverhill, N. H., 
to commence the Thursday evening before the first Sunday in 
December, arid hold over the Sabbath. Also one at Whitefield, 
N. II., to begin Thursday evening, Dec. 8th, and hold aver the 
Sabbath. (In behalf of the brethren.)--W. II. EASTMAN. 
PHILO HAWKE* will be at Northfield Mountain Sundays, Nov. 27th 
and Dee. 4th, and will preach where the friends may appoint. 
Will brother Wright meet me at the Erving depot, first up train, 
on the 26th ? 
PLEASE publish in the Herald the following notice:—Edwin Burn-
ham will commence a meeting at Alton Centre, N. II., on Thurs-
day, Dec. 29th. and continue over the Sabbath.—Cues. RoTtras 
BURNHAM and F. II. BERICK will commence a.conference in Hol-
derness Les. 15th, evening, and continue over the Sabbath.—JOIIN 
SHAW. 
W. H. INcnAm will be in Mount Vernon Sunday, Nov. 27th, and 
Portland, Sunday, Dec. 4th. 
D. I. ROBINSON will preach in Seneca Falls, N. Y., Sunday, Nov. 20th 
to 27th ; Auburn, 29th arid 30th ; Syracuse, 31st ; Isrewerton, 
Dec. 4th. 
BUSINESS DEPARTMENT. 
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B. Webb, $2—Nov. number is not out yet. Will send. The G. to 
Ann Arbor was not reported to the office—have now sent the back 
numbers. We do send to Elder H. G. 13. Have sent you the book. 
We have to begin new subscribers as late as No. 652. Are happy 
to have you act as agent for the Herald. 
FITCH'S MONUMENT. 
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A[112N:NT,SIECTI, 
Chronological Table of Events 
The Prophecy of Isaiah 380 
connected with the Papacy 377 Mysterious alanife.stations 380 
The Holy War 
 378 Russia and Turkey 381 
The Sultan's Finnan 379 Time of the Advent........ 381 
The Sandwich Islands 379 Letter from Elder Berick .... 382 
The Late Storm in Connecti- 
Reply to "Remarks on the 
cut 
 379 
2390 Years." 
 393 
Mont Blanc 
 379 Foreign News 
 384 
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